ISSN: 2455-2631 © May 2016 IJSDR | Volume 1, Issue 5

MICROCONTROLLER BASED DAM GATE

CONTROL SYSTEM

Vinayak .S.W

1

ABSTRACT- Each and every part of our life is somehow linked with the embedded products. Embedded systems are the

product of hardware and software co-design. Embedded system is becoming an integral part of Engineering design

process for efficient analysis and effective operation. From data analysis to hardware work, everywhere embedded

products are the main interest because of its reliability and time bound perfection. Due to time complexity in electronic

aspects embedded systems have become a major part of our daily life. This project describes the design of an embedded

system for the “MCROCONTROLLER BASED DAM CONTROL SYSTEM”. Personal Computer based electrical

appliances control is an interesting Personal Computer based project, mainly useful for industrial applications, home

automation, and supervisory control applications. This project gives exact concept of interfacing a high voltage electrical

device or DC / AC motor to high sensitive personal computer system. We are using RS232 as the communication medium

gates without the knowledge of exact water level and water inflow rate. The main objective of this project is to develop a

mechatronics based system, which will detect the level of water and thereby the movement of gates can be controlled in a

real-time basis which offers more flexibility. This system consists of a set of sensors connected to a stepper motor through

an 8-bit microcontroller (AT89S52). The water level is detected based on the feedback from the mechanism used. Based on

this data, the level of dam gate can be controlled using a stepper motor via personal computer.

Keywords – DAM CONTROL SYSTEM, MICRO CONTROLLER, REGULATOR, TRANSFORMER.

1. INTRODUCTION

A Microcontroller is a computer-on-a-chip or a single-chip computer that contains the processor (the CPU), non-volatile

memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit. Micro

microcontrollers make things easier to store measurement, to create and store user routines, and to display messages and

waveforms. Consumer products like cameras, video recorders, compact-disk players, and ovens. And they are so many

applications where we use microcontrollers.

A micro controller is similar to the microprocessor inside a personal computer. Examples are Intel’s 8086, Zilog’s Z80.

Both microprocessors and microcontrollers contain CPU. The CPU executes instructions that perform the basic logic, math, and

data moving functions of a computer. To make a complete computer, a microprocessor require memory for storing data and

programs, and I/O interfaces for connecting external devices like keyboard and displays. In contrast, microcontrollers are a single

chip computer because it contains memory and I/O interfaces in addition to the CPU. It tends to limit the amount of memory and

interfaces that can fit on single chip, microcontrollers tend to be used in smaller system. Examples of popular microcontrollers are

Intel’s 8052, 89C052, Motorola’s 68HC11 and Zilog’s Z8.

ISSN: 2455-2631 © May 2016 IJSDR | Volume 1, Issue 5

Motion control, in electronic terms, means to accurately control the movement of an object based on speed, distance, load, inertia

or a combination of all these factors. There are numerous types of motion control systems, including; Stepper Motor, Linear Step

Motor, DC Brush, Brushless Servo and more. This document will concentrate on Step Motor technology.

spin continuously, a stepper motor moves around one small step at a time (hence the name). A stepper motor is a marvel in

simplicity. It has no brushes, or contacts. Basically it’s a synchronous motor with the magnetic field electronically switched to

rotate the armature magnet around.

“The stepper motor is an electromagnetic device that converts digital pulses into mechanical shaft or spindle rotation”. The shaft

or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the proper

sequence. The motors rotation has several direct relationships to these applied input pulses. The sequence of the applied pulses is

3. METHODOLOGY

This is a simple project which is easy to build and also cheap, as all the parts are readily available on the market. With average

background in engineering the model can be made easily and can be implemented.

3.1. Circuit Diagrams

This circuit design for supervisory control over serial communication makes use of the following main components

1. AT89S52 Microcontroller

8. IC 7408

9. DB9 connector

10. Piezo-Buzzer

ISSN: 2455-2631 © May 2016 IJSDR | Volume 1, Issue 5

In this circuit design microcontroller is the main component. The 9

th

pin of the microcontroller is given to the reset pin. The other

end of the reset pin is given to the power supply of 5V. A capacitor of 10µ/25V is connected between the supply and the reset

th

pin and ground. A crystal oscillator is connected between the 18

th

and 19

th

pin. To this crystal oscillator of 11.592MHz two capacitors of 22pf are connected and the other ends of capacitors are

Figure 3: Various connections from a ULN 2003 driver

The pins 21-24- are connected via resistors to the ULN2003 driver which drives the stepper motor. The 10

th

and 11

th

pin i.e.

receive and transmit pins of the microcontroller are connected the 9

th

and 10

th

pins of the serial communication MAX 232

respectively. Since the RS232 is not in the standard form to make it compatible with the TTL CMOS we make use of MAX232.

The MAX232 is used for receiving the value from serial port and the output of which is given as input to the microcontroller.

Capacitors of value 4.7µ/25Vor 0.1µ are connected between 6-16, 2-15, 1-3 and 4-5 pins respectively. The 16

th

pin is given to the

supply and the 15

and 7

ISSN: 2455-2631 © May 2016 IJSDR | Volume 1, Issue 5

single-ended data and control signals connecting between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data Circuit-

terminating Equipment). It is commonly used in computer serial ports. The standard defines the electrical characteristics and

timing of signals, the meaning of signals, and the physical size and pin-out of connectors. The 5

The microcontroller acts as an interface between the user instructions and the stepper motor. The 9

th

pin of ULN2003, high

voltage, high current Darlington transistor arrays is given a supply of 5V. The 8

th

pin of the ULN2003 is grounded and the 13

th

,

14th, 15th & 16

th

are connected to the 1kg torque, 5pin stepper motor.

Thus the transformer step down the supply voltage of 230V to 12V is given to the input pin of voltage regulator.

Figure 5: circuit diagram of LM7805 voltage regulator

WATER LEVEL INDICATOR CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND CONNECTIONS:

The circuit uses five sensors to sense the different water levels in the Dam. Sensor G is connected to the negative terminal (GND)

of the power supply. The other four sensors (L through O) are connected to the inputs of NOT gate IC 7404.When there is a high

voltage at the input pin of the NOT gate, it outputs a low voltage. Similarly, for a low voltage at the input pin of the NOT gate, it

ISSN: 2455-2631 © May 2016 IJSDR | Volume 1, Issue 5

ISSN: 2455-2631 © May 2016 IJSDR | Volume 1, Issue 5

This project, “MICROCONTROLLER BASED DAM GATE CONTROL SYSTEM” facilitates us to control the gates of a

Here as a part of our project to exhibit the control, we control the operations of a stepper motor with the help of serial port