Group process is very powerful; it provides the key to creating a supportive and caring environment that
challenges people so that they can grow and change. People build more intimate and positive relationships
within a healthy group.
Group development is defined by five stages:
Forming: How people behave when they first come together in a group
Storming: How new groups struggle to get comfortable as individuals
compete with each other for leadership and get used to each other
Norming: The stage when people are more comfortable with each other
and normalize their relationships
Performing: When a group is functioning reliably in a good way
Mourning: The final stage when a group ends
It is imperative that facilitators use activities relevant to the current stage of the group in order to help the
group develop and move toward “performing.” All groups go through these stages to be healthy and to
provide the benefits of a healthy system for their members. However, if a group fails to develop, negative
alliances form, individuals do not grow, and the group may actually be detrimental to its members.
Groups sometimes regress, especially when new members come in. The existing group must be strong
enough to integrate the newcomers and get them to buy into the positive norms of the group, allowing the
community to return to the performing stage.
In the forming stage, the role of the facilitator is more directive, and helps to reduce uncertainty and provide
a safe atmosphere. The facilitator needs to allow time engage with activities that allow group members to get
to know each other, ensuring the quiet ones are drawn out and not left out. Rituals may be used to introduce
people and get them engaged. The facilitator needs to explain the purpose/goals of the groups and to model
expected behaviors.
In the storming stage, the role of facilitator is to help members deal with conflict. The facilitator needs to
acknowledge conflict as an opportunity for growth and improvement. It is vital that the facilitator make
certain group rules are followed, assuring that there is adherence to core values, such as truth, trust, and
respect. This allows group members to learn about tolerance and patience. In order for the group to progress
to the next stage, group members must move from a "testing and proving" mentality to a cooperative,
problem-solving mentality.
In the norming stage, the role of facilitator is to model listening skills and foster an atmosphere of trust. The
facilitator helps group members use problem-solving skills to mediate differing positions, clarify any role
ambiguity and, when appropriate, re-focus the purpose or rules for group functioning.
In the performing stage (which is not reached by all groups), the role of facilitator is to be a collaborator and
keep the group moving. The facilitator needs to stay out of the way of the group’s progress. The group is
highly productive and there is unity among its members. Group identity is complete, morale is high and
group loyalty is intense.