Overview of the Impact
Assessment Act
Level 1 Training
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2
Outline
• Module 1 – Introduction
• Module 2 – Overview of the Impact Assessment Act
and Regulations
• Module 3 – Cooperation and Participation
• Module 4 – Impact Assessment Process
• Module 5 – Other Relevant Provisions
• Transitional Provisions
• Federal Lands
• Regional and Strategic Assessments
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Module 1 - Introduction
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What is an Impact Assessment
It is a planning and decision-making tool used to assess:
• positive and negative environmental, economic, health, and
social effects of proposed projects
• impacts to Indigenous groups and rights of Indigenous peoples
The Impact Assessment Act outlines a process for assessing the
impacts of major projects and projects carried out on federal
lands or outside of Canada.
The Impact Assessment Agency of Canada is responsible for
conducting impact assessments under the Impact Assessment
Act
4
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Purposes of the Impact Assessment Act
• To foster sustainability, ensure respect of Government’s commitments with
respect to the rights of Indigenous peoples
• To include environmental, social, health and economic factors within the
scope of assessments
• To establish a fair, predictable and efficient impact assessment process
that enhances Canada’s competitiveness and promotes innovation
• To consider positive and adverse effects
• To include early, inclusive and meaningful public engagement
• To promote nation-to-nation, Inuit-Crown, and government-to-government
partnerships with Indigenous peoples
• To ensure decisions are based on science, Indigenous knowledge and
other sources of evidence
• To assess cumulative effects within a region
5
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Module 2 – Overview of the Impact
Assessment Act and Regulations
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The Impact Assessment Act:
• Lays out the impact assessment process and timelines
• Identifies factors that must be taken into account during the
impact assessment and decision-making
• Provides tools to support cooperation and coordination with other
jurisdictions
• Enables the Agency to support participant engagement through
funding programs
• Requires transparency through information made publicly
available on the Registry
• Provides tools and authorities to ensure compliance
7
The Impact Assessment Act
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Projects Subject to the Act
• Designated projects are described in the
Physical Activities Regulations (Project List)
• Minister may designate any project not
described in regulations, based on factors set in
the legislation
• Non-designated projects on federal lands and
outside Canada are assessed by federal
authorities before decisions are made
8
Project Examples
Major projects within the
following sectors or
groups can be found on
the Project List:
• Renewable energy
• Oil and gas
• Linear and
transportation-related
• Marine and freshwater
• Mining
• Nuclear
• Hazardous waste
• Federal lands and
protected areas
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Physical Activities Regulations
• Describes designated projects (Project List)
• The Project List focuses federal impact assessments on projects
that have the most potential for adverse environmental effects in
areas of federal jurisdiction
Information and Management of Time Limits Regulations
• Outlines the information that the proponent must provide to
support early planning
• Outlines the documents the Agency must provide to guide the
impact assessment
• Provides the circumstances in which the Agency may suspend the
legislated timelines
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Regulations
Designated Projects
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Types of Impact Assessment
Designated Projects
By Agency
By Review
Panel
Impact
Assessment
Agency
• leads the assessment and
engagement process
• works collaboratively with other
jurisdictions and federal authorities to
carry out the impact assessment
Review Panel
• leads the assessment and engagement
process during the Impact Assessment
Phase
• holds public hearings to allow the public, the
proponent, Indigenous groups, federal
authorities and all other interested
participants to provide their views and ask
questions about the information on the record
10
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A proponent is prohibited from carrying out a designated project, in
whole or in part, if it may cause effects that are within federal
jurisdiction unless:
• No impact assessment is required
• Proponent complies with the conditions of the decision statement; or
• Agency permits the proponent to carry out an act or thing, subject to any
conditions in order to provide the necessary information required for a possible
impact assessment
Federal authorities are prohibited from making any decision that
would enable a designated project to be carried out unless:
• no impact assessment is required; or
• the effects of the designated project are in the public interest
ss.7(1)
11
Prohibitions
Designated Projects
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Module 3 – Cooperation and Participation
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Participants Involved in the Impact
Assessment Process
13
Proponent
Indigenous Groups
Federal Jurisdictions
Public
Minister
Governor in Council
Impact Assessment
Agency of Canada
Review Panel
Other Jurisdictions
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14
By working with other jurisdictions in impact assessments, we can
reduce duplication and increase efficiency and certainty.
Cooperation with other Jurisdictions
“One project, one assessment”
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Cooperation with Jurisdictions
15
Par.114(1)(c)
Cooperation agreements with
jurisdictions to ensure
coordinated assessments
Tools to improve efficiency and
effectiveness: delegation,
substitution and joint review panels
s.29 ss.31(1) ss.39(1)
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Participation of Indigenous Peoples
16
Objectives: Rights of
Indigenous peoples are
respected; greater
opportunities and support
for capacity to participate
in impact assessments
Agency coordinates
engagement and
consultation for all
federal assessments
(par.155(b))
Must take into account
Indigenous-led
assessments and
Indigenous knowledge,
rights and culture
(ss.22(1))
Adverse impacts on
rights must be
considered in key
decisions (ss. 9(2)),
ss.16(2), ss.63(d))
Indigenous
governments have
greater opportunities to
exercise powers and
duties under the Act
(par.114(1)(d) and (e)).
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Public Participation and Transparency
17
• Meaningful public participation opportunities available during early planning and
impact assessment (s.27) and (par.51(1)c)
• Meaningful public participation based on principles that are defined in the Interim
Context: Public Participation under the Impact Assessment Act
• Enhanced Canadian Impact Assessment Registry to provide greater access to
information, including rationale for decisions (s.104-108)
• Participant funding program to include broader eligible activities (s.75)
Objectives:
• greater public trust in impact
assessment and decision-making
• timely opportunities for meaningful
public participation
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Module 4 – Impact Assessment Process
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Impact Assessment Process Overview
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Detailed project
description and Response
to Summary of Issues
Phase 1: Planning
Engagement on
issues of concern to
develop Summary of
Issues
Submission of
Initial Project
Description
YES
NO
Proponent may proceed in
conformity with other
regulations
TIMEFRAME: 180 DAYS
20
Agency decision
Proponent
Does it conform to
the Regulations?
Is an impact
assessment
required?
NO
YES
IMPACT ASSESSMENT COOPERATION PLAN
PERMITTING PLAN
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PLAN
INDIGENOUS ENGAGEMENT AND
PARTNERSHIP PLAN
TAILORED IMPACT STATEMENT GUIDELINES
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DAY 1
*30 DAYS
Agency
prepares
Summary of
Issues
Proponent submits
Detailed Project Description
and Response to Summary
of Issues
INITIAL PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
SUMMARY OF
ISSUES
DETAILED PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
DAY 80
*10 DAYS
*30 DAYS
Agency determines
if impact assessment
is required
*10 DAYS
*SERVICE STANDARD
KEY DOCS
Initial Project Description
accepted and engagement starts
21
Phase 1: Planning
Key Steps and Timelines for First 80 Days
RESPONSE TO
SUMMARY OF ISSUES
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Purpose
• To introduce proposed projects into the impact assessment process
• To engage with Indigenous peoples and the public to identify issues and
concerns, including potential impacts to Indigenous rights, related to
proposed projects
• To produce a Detailed Project Description and to respond to identified
issues and concerns
• Proponents may alter the project description to respond to issues and concerns
or to alter project design
• This early planning opportunity can help avoid key issues coming up later in the
assessment process
• To determine whether an impact assessment is required
Phase 1: Planning
The first 80 days
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Agency drafts Tailored Impact
Statement Guidelines (TISG) and
Plans
Agency finalizes
TISG and Plans
Internal approval
process and posting
of final TISG & Plans
TAILORED IMPACT
STATEMENT GUIDELINES
IMPACT ASSESSMENT COOPERATION PLAN
INDIGENOUS ENGAGEMENT
PERMITTING PLAN
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PLAN
KEY DOCUMENTS
PARTNERSHIP PLAN
DAY 80
*10 DAYS
*30 DAYS
*SERVICE STANDARD
*30 DAYS
DAY 180
23
Agency engages on
TISG and Plans
*30 DAYS
AGENCY ISSUES
NOTICE OF
COMMENCEMENT
& TISG POSTED
Phase 1: Planning
Key Steps and Timelines For Next 100 Days
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Purpose
• To identify opportunities and plan for collaboration/cooperation with other
jurisdictions
• Impact Assessment Cooperation Plan
• To provide clarity and certainty around meaningful participation and
consultation throughout the impact assessment process
• Public Partnership Plan
• Indigenous Engagement and Partnership Plan
• To provide clarity to proponents on anticipated regulatory needs for the
project to proceed
• Permitting Plan
• To tailor guidelines that will clearly identify studies and information
requirements for the Impact Statement developed by the proponent
• Tailored Impact Statement Guidelines
Phase 1: Planning
The remaining 100 days
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The Tailored Impact Statement Guidelines outline all
information and studies the Agency determines necessary to
conduct the impact assessment
• The Agency will consult with Federal Authorities, other participants and
experts
• The Guidelines form the basis of the proponent’s Impact Statement
preparation
• The Impact Statement must meet the requirements identified in the
Guidelines
The Agency determines the scope of the impact
assessment factors to be taken into account in the
Impact Statement and outlines the scope in the Guidelines
25
Phase 1: Tailored Impact Statement Guidelines
and Scope of Factors to be considered
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Subsection 22(1)
(a)
Changes
to the environment or to health, social or economic conditions (including
malfunctions,
accidents and cumulative effects)
(b)
Mitigation measures
(c)
Impacts on any
Indigenous group and on the rights of Indigenous peoples
(d)
The purpose and need for the project
(e)
Alternative
means of carrying out the project
(f)
Alternatives to the designated project
(g)
Indigenous knowledge provided with respect to
the designated project
(h)
The extent to which the designated project contributes
to sustainability
(i)
The extent to which the effects of the designated project hinder or contribute to the
Government of Canada’s ability to meet its environmental obligations and its
commitments in respect of climate change
(j)
Any change to the designated project that may be
caused by the environment
(k)
The requirements of the follow
-up program in respect of the designated project
Phase 1: Factors to be Considered in an
Impact Assessment
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Subsection 22(1)
(l)
Considerations related to Indigenous cultures
raised
with respect to the designated project
(m)
Community knowledge provided with respect to
the designated project
(n)
Comments received from the public
(o)
Comments from a jurisdiction that are received in the course of consultations
conducted under section
21
(p)
Any relevant assessment referred to in section 92,
93 or 95
(q)
Any assessment conducted by or on behalf of an Indigenous governing body
(r)
Any study or plan that is conducted or prepared by a jurisdiction
— or an
Indigenous governing body
— that is in respect of a region related to the
designated project
(s)
The intersection of sex and gender with other identity
factors
(t)
Any other matter relevant to the impact assessment that the Agency or the Minister
requires to be
taken into account
Phase 1: Factors to be Considered in an
Impact Assessment (continued)
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Phase 1: Guidance on Planning Phase
Documents
28
The Practitioner’s Guide to Federal Impact Assessments under the
Impact Assessment Act contains documents and templates to guide
practitioners in the development of Planning Phase documents:
Overview document Template
Cooperation Plan
Cooperation Plan Template
Permitting Plan
Permitting Plan Template
Public Participation Plan
Public Participation Plan Template
Indigenous
Engagement and
Partnership
Plan
Indigenous
Engagement and Partnership Plan
Template
(Not
applicable)
Tailored Impact Statement Guidelines Templates
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Phase 1: Objectives of Products
29
Initial Project
Description
High
-level description of the proposed project
Summary of Issues
List of issues provided by the Agency following engagement and cooperation discussions
Response to the
Summary of Issues
Notice prepared by the proponent outlining how they plan to address the issues described
in the Summary of Issues
Detailed Project
Description
Document containing updated information about the designated project and information
about the possible environmental, social, health and economic effects of the project
Public Participation
Plan
Document outlining how the public would be engaged throughout the impact assessment
process
Indigenous
Engagement and
Partnership Plan
Document describing how Indigenous groups would be engaged throughout the impact
assessment process
Impact Assessment
Cooperation Plan
Document describing how the Agency will work with other jurisdictions throughout the
impact assessment process
Permitting Plan
Document outlining the anticipated permits, licenses and authorizations required for the
designated project
Tailored Impact
Assessment
Guidelines
Document outlining the information required in the proponent’s Impact Statement
Notice of
Commencement
Notice issued by the Agency before the end of the 180
-day time limit that sets out the
information and studies necessary to conduct the impact assessment
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AGENCY ISSUES
NOTICE OF
COMMENCEMENT
AGENCY ACCEPTS
IMPACT STATEMENT
AND ISSUES NOTICE
OF DETERMINATION
3 YEARS MAX.
Agency reviews Impact
Statement collaboratively
with Federal Authorities
Proponent submits
Impact Statement
Proponent drafts
Impact Statement
30
Comment period
on Impact Statement
DAY 180
KEY DOCUMENTS
IMPACT STATEMENT
Phase 2: Impact Statement
Key Steps and Timelines
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Purpose
To outline and evaluate impacts of a project (Proponent)
• Proponent prepares its Impact Statement based on the
Tailored Impact Statement Guidelines
• These guidelines are the result of scoping that took place in
the Planning Phase
• They describe the necessary information and studies that are
required in the proponent’s Impact Statement
• Proponent gathers information through studies and by
engaging with Indigenous groups and the public to
inform the Impact Statement
• Proponent seeks advice from the Agency and federal
authorities, as necessary, to better reflect the guideline
requirements in the Impact Statement
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Phase 2: Impact Statement Process
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Phase 2: Impact Statement
Determining if Information Requirements are Met
32
The Agency determines whether the information requirements set out in the
Tailored Impact Statement Guidelines have been met, informed by
contributions from:
• Federal authorities
• Other jurisdictions
• Indigenous groups
• Public or other participants
Where information requirements have not been met, the Agency will request
this information from the proponent
No new information beyond what was required in the Guidelines can be
requested without strong rationale
The Agency accepts the Impact Statement and posts a Notice of Determination
once they are satisfied that it meets requirements detailed in the Guidelines
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KEY DOCUMENTS
FINAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT REPORT
POTENTIAL CONDITIONS
CONSULTATION REPORT
300 DAYS MAX.
Agency drafts Impact
Assessment Report and
Potential Conditions
Agency finalizes Impact
Assessment Report
and Potential Conditions
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
REPORT AND
POTENTIAL CONDITIONS
SENT TO MINISTER
NOTE: Timeline is 300-600 days
for assessment by Review Panel
Agency Technical
Review of Impact
Statement
Comment Period on Draft
Impact Assessment
Report and Potential
Conditions
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AGENCY ACCEPTS
IMPACT STATEMENT
AND ISSUES NOTICE
OF DETERMINATION
Phase 3: Impact Assessment
Key Steps and Timelines
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Phase 3: Impact Assessment
Impact assessments
• Consider sustainability, the positive and negative
environmental, health, social and economic impacts of
designated projects, including gender based analysis plus
• Take into account a number of factors that include a
consideration of Indigenous rights, knowledge and culture
• Are conducted by either the Agency or a review panel
34
ss.22(1)
ss.22(1)
s.25
ss.51(1)
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Phase 3: Impact Assessment Process
Purpose
To outline and evaluate impacts of a project (Agency), including
• Analysis of the Proponent’s Impact Statement
• Technical review of the Impact Statement
• Preparation of a draft Impact Assessment Report and draft
potential conditions
• Engagement with public and Indigenous groups to seek their views
• Consultation with Indigenous groups
• Potentially, co-development of parts of Impact Assessment Report
and potential conditions with Indigenous groups
• Finalized Impact Assessment Report and potential conditions that
are sent to the Minister to inform the public interest decision
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Document that supports the Minister’s public interest determination
The report must include:
• Analysis of positive and adverse effects that may be caused by
the project, taking into account all impact assessment factors
• Adverse effects within federal jurisdiction or that are “direct or
incidental” (result from federal decisions) and the extent to which
those effects are significant
• How the Agency / Review Panel took into account and used any
Indigenous knowledge provided
• Summary of any comments received from the public
• Recommendations with respect to any mitigation measures and
follow-up program, including Agency / Review Panel’s rationale and
conclusions
36
ss.60(1)
ss.22(1)
Phase 3: Impact Assessment Report
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• Within 45 days of the notice of commencement, the
Minister may refer an impact assessment to a review
panel if he/she considers it is in the public interest
• The review panel holds hearings open to the public and
prepares the Impact Assessment Report
• All impact assessments of designated projects regulated
by the Canada Energy Regulator and Canadian
Nuclear Safety Commission are referred to an
integrated review panel. This panel process meets the
requirements of the respective regulators’ Acts and the
Impact Assessment Act, resulting in one report (including
proposed conditions)
37
Phase 3: Impact Assessment
Assessments by Review Panel
Timeline: up to 600 days from establishment of review panel
ss.36(1)
par.51(1)(c)
s.43
ss.51(2)(3)
ss.37(1)
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ss. 60 (1)
s. 62
ss. 65 (3)
MINISTERIAL DECISION
DECISION BY MINISTER
DECISION REFERRED TO
IA Report posted
on Registry site
GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL (GIC) for CONSIDERATION
B
30 DAYS
90 DAYS
A
MINISTER’S
DECISION
STATEMENT
MINISTER’S
DECISION
STATEMENT
38
IA Report posted
on Registry site
Minister’s Public
Interest Determination
Notice of referral to the
GIC + reasons for
referral posted on
Registry
GIC’s Public Interest
Determination
Phase 4: Decision-Making
Key Steps and Timelines (Impact Assessment by Agency)
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Purpose
Determination by the Minister, or by Governor in Council (Cabinet) on
whether the adverse effects, and adverse direct or incidental effects,
are in the public interest
par. 60(1)a
s.62
Public interest determination is be based on the Impact
Assessment Report and a consideration of the following factors:
• Project’s contribution to sustainability
• Extent to which adverse effects within federal jurisdiction and the
adverse direct or incidental effects are significant
• Associated mitigation measures
• Impacts on Indigenous groups and adverse impacts on rights
• Extent that project’s effects hinder or contribute to Canada’s
environmental obligations and climate change commitments
s.63
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Phase 4: Decision-Making
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• Decision statement issued by the Minister to the proponent
must include:
• public interest determination
• reasons for the determination
• enforceable conditions
• expiry date
• project description
• For greater flexibility and adaptive management,
the Minister can amend decision statements
40
Phase 4: Decision-Making (cont.)
s.65
ss.68(1)
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MINISTER
ISSUES
DECISION
STATEMENT
Variable
Timeline
Agency
• Posts follow-up documentation on Registry
• May establish monitoring committees
• Promotes, educates, monitors, and facilitates compliance
Proponent
• Seeks regulatory approvals, as required
• Begins project within time limits identified in the Decision Statement
• Implements follow-up program
• Complies with conditions associated with Decision Statement
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Phase 5: Post Decision
Key Steps and Timelines
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Phase 5: Post Decision (cont.)
Follow-up and Monitoring
Purpose
• To verify the accuracy of predictions laid out in the
Impact Assessment Report
• To verify the effectiveness of the mitigation measures
• To provide opportunities for Indigenous peoples and the
public to participate in monitoring
• To encourage continuous improvements to impact
assessments
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Phase 5: Post Decision (cont.)
Amendments to Decision Statement
• A new authority is provided to the Minister to amend a decision
statement
• The Minister may:
• Add or remove a condition or amend a condition, or
• Modify the designated project’s description
• The determination of public interest cannot be changed
• A notice of the intended amendment and an invitation for
public comment must be posted on the Registry
• After considering comments received, the final amendment
and reasons for it must be posted on the Registry
s. 68(1)
s. 68
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Phase 5: Post Decision
Compliance and Enforcement
Purpose
• To promote, educate, monitor, and facilitate compliance with the Impact
Assessment Act and conditions set out in decision statements
• To undertake compliance and enforcement activities to prevent non-
compliance and adverse environmental effects
• To promote a consistent and transparent approach to compliance with,
and enforcement of, the Impact Assessment Act
Ability to establish Environmental Monitoring Committees to help provide
additional confidence in the science and evidence used
Provisions to verify compliance, issue orders and correct non-compliance
• Designated enforcement officers and analysts
• A new penalty scheme with increased fines
s. 155 (f)
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Module 5 – Other Relevant Provisions
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Transitional Provisions
38
Comprehensive
study report
published?
Terminated
Continued under
CEAA 2012 as if
it has not been
repealed
NO
YES
ss.179(3)
s.182
s.181
ss.183(2)
Comprehensive studies
under CEAA 2012
EA by NEB and CNSC
under CEAA 2012
EA by Agency under
CEAA 2012 and
EA referred to review
panel under CEAA 2012
ss.181(4)
ss.183(2)
Proponents may
opt-in to continue
the EA under the
IAA
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Federal Lands
Authorities, including federal authorities, must not carry out projects on
federal lands or outside Canada if they are likely to cause significant
adverse environmental effects
• The determination of whether a project is likely to cause significant
adverse environmental effects must be based on the following
factors:
• adverse impacts on the rights of the Indigenous peoples of Canada
• Indigenous knowledge provided with respect to the project
• community knowledge provided with respect to the project
• comments received from the public under subsection 86(1)
• mitigation measures that are technically and economically feasible
If the project is outside Canada, the authority’s determination need not include a
consideration of the factors set out in paragraphs (1)(a) and (b).
• Classes of projects that would not be subject to the Impact
Assessment Act provisions for projects on federal lands and outside
Canada is proposed to be included in a Ministerial Order
47
s. 81-91
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Regional and Strategic Assessments
48
Objectives: better
understanding of issues
outside of the context of
individual project
assessments; inform IA and
decision-making
Regional
assessments
conducted by a
committee or the
Agency with the
opportunity for
agreements with
jurisdictions (s.92 and
93)
Strategic
assessments to help
to align projects with
government policy,
plans and programs
(s.95)
Both taken into account in
impact assessments of
designated projects
(par.22(1)(p))
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Conclusion
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What you learned!
This document provides a brief introduction to the Impact Assessment Act and the process
for federal impact assessments in Canada.
• Impact assessment is a planning and decision-making tool
• Participant engagement opportunities are available throughout the process
There are 5 phases:
1. Planning: Documents developed in the Planning Phase specify information requirements and
engagement opportunities throughout the impact assessment process
2. Impact Statement: The proponent outlines and evaluates potential impacts of a designated project
3. Impact Assessment: The Agency outlines and evaluates potential impacts of a designated project
4. Decision-making: Public interest decisions made by the Minister or Governor in Council are based
on information in the Impact Assessment Report and the public interest factors
5. Post Decision: Compliance is verified through a follow-up program and activities to promote,
educate, monitor, and facilitate compliance with the Impact Assessment Act and Decision
Statement
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Further Reference Documents
This document provides a brief introduction to the Impact Assessment Act and the
process for federal impact assessments in Canada.
• Further guidance is provided in the Practitioner’s Guide to Federal Impact
Assessments under the Impact Assessment Act: https://www.canada.ca/en/environmental-
assessment-agency/services/policy-guidance/practitioners-guide-impact-assessment-act.html
• The full text of the Impact Assessment Act:
https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/42-1/bill/C-69/royal-assent
• Canadian Impact Assessment Registry:
https://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/050/evaluations/Index?culture=en-CA
• Physical Activities Regulations:
http://canadagazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2019/2019-08-21/pdf/g2-15317.pdf (SOR 2019-285)
• Information and Management of Time Limit Regulations:
http://canadagazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2019/2019-08-21/pdf/g2-15317.pdf (SOR 2019-283)
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Thank you!
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ANNEX
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Key Definitions
Designated project
Designated project is clearly defined in section 2 of the Impact Assessment Act.
In general, it includes one or more physical activities that
(a) are carried out in Canada or on federal lands; and
(b) are designated by the Physical Activities Regulations or by a ministerial order.
It also includes any physical activity that is incidental to those physical activities.
Effects
unless the context requires otherwise, means changes to the environment or to health, social
or economic conditions and the positive and negative consequences of these changes.
Environment
the components of the Earth, and includes
(a) land, water and air, including all layers of the atmosphere;
(b) all organic and inorganic matter and living organisms; and
(c) the interacting natural systems that include components referred to in paragraphs
(a) and (b).
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Key Definitions (cont.)
Effects within federal jurisdiction
Effects within federal jurisdiction are clearly defined in section 2 of the Impact Assessment Act.
In general, they are effects related to a physical activity or a designated project that change:
(a) environmental components within the legislative authority of Parliament such as fish, other aquatic
species or migratory birds;
(b) the environment on federal lands, in another province or outside Canada;
(c) the environment in a way that impacts Indigenous peoples of Canada through impacts to their
physical and cultural heritage, their current use of lands and resources for traditional
purposes, or any structure, site or thing that is of historical, archaeological, paleontological or
architectural significance;
(d) the health, social or economic conditions of the Indigenous peoples of Canada; and
(e) a health, social or economic matter that is within the legislative authority of Parliament
Impact assessment
impact assessment means an assessment of the effects of a designated project that is
conducted in accordance with this Act.
Sustainability
the ability to protect the environment, contribute to the social and economic well-being of the people of
Canada and preserve their health in a manner that benefits present and future generations.
55