Physics K-12 Vertical Alignment

Topic Kinder §112.2 1st §112.3 2nd §112.4 3rd §112.5 4th §112.6 5th §112.7 6th §112.26 7th §112.27 8th §112.28 Biology §112.42 IPC §112.44 Chemistry §112.43 Physics §112.45 Earth Systems §112.49

Environmental Science

§112.50

Aquatic Science §112.47 Astronomy §112.48

Phy.5.F calculate the effect

of forces on objects,

including tension, friction,

normal, gravity, centripetal,

and applied forces, using

free body diagrams and the

relationship between force

and acceleration as

represented by Newton's

second law of motion;

Phy.6.B identify and

describe examples of

electric and magnetic forces

and fields in everyday life

such as generators, motors,

and transformers;

Phy.6.A use scientific

notation and predict how

the magnitude of the

electric force between two

objects depends on their

charges and the dista nce

between their centers using

Coulomb's law;

1.7A explain how

pushes and pulls can

start, stop, or change

the speed or direction

of an object's motion;

6.7.B calculate the net

force on an object in a

horizontal or vertical

direction using

diagrams and

determine if the forces

are balanced or

unbalanced;

8.7.A calculate and

analyze how the

acceleration of an

object is dependent

upon the net force

acting on the object

and the mass of the

object using Newton's

Second Law of Motion;

Phy.5.E explain and apply

the concepts of equilibrium

and inertia as represented

by Newton's first law of

motion using relevant real‐

world examples such as

rockets, satellites, and

automobile safety devices;

1.7.B plan and conduct

a descriptive

investigation that

predicts how pushes

and pulls can start,

stop, or change the

speed or direction of

an object's motion.

6.7.C identify

simultaneous force

pairs that are equal in

magnitude and

opposite in direction

that result from the

interactions between

objects using Newton's

Third Law of Motion.

8.7.B investigate and

describe how

Newton's three laws

of motion act

simultaneously within

systems such as in

vehicle restraints,

sports activities,

amusement park rides,

Earth's tectonic

activities, and rocket

launches.

Phy.5.G illustrate and

analyze the simultaneous

forces between two objects

as represented in Newton's

third law of motion using

free body diagrams and in

an experimental design

scenario;

7.7.B distinguish

between speed and

velocity in linear

motion in terms of

distance,

displacement, and

direction;

IPC.5.A investigate,

analyze, and model

motion in terms of

position, velocity,

acceleration, and time

using tables, graphs,

and mathematical

relationships;

Phy.5.C describe and analyze

motion in one dimension

using equations with the

concepts of distance,

displacement, speed

velocity, fr ames of

reference, and acceleration;

7.7.A calculate

average speed using

distance and time

measurements from

investigations;

Phy.5.B define scalar and

vector quantities related to

one‐ and two‐dimensional

motion and combine vectors

using both graphical vector

addition and the

Pythagorean theorem;

Physics K‐12 Vertical Alignment

Li Mi

Balanced and

Unbalanced

Forces

Force Interactions

K.7.A The student is

expected to describe

and predict how a

magnet interacts with

various materials and

how magnets can be

used to push or pull.

3.7.A demonstrate and

describe forces acting on

an object in contact or at

a distance, including

magnetism, gravity, and

pushes and pulls;

4.7.A The student is

expected to plan and

conduct descriptive

investigations to

explore the patterns of

forces such as gravity,

friction, or magnetism

in contact or at a

distance on an object.

5.7.B design a simple

experimental

investigation that tests

the effect of force on an

object in a system such as

a car on a ramp or a

balloon rocket on a

string.

6.7.A identify and

explain how forces act

on objects, including

gravity, friction,

magnetism, applied

forces, and normal

forces, using real‐

world applications;

2.7.B plan and

conduct a descriptive

investigation to

demonstrate how the

strength of a push

and pull changes an

object's motion.

3.7.B plan and conduct a

descriptive investigation

to demonstrate and

explain how position and

motion can be chang ed

by pushing and pulling

objects such as swings,

balls, and wagons.

5.7.A investigate and

explain how equal and

unequal forces acting on

an object cause patterns

of motion and transfer of

energy; and

7.7.D analyze the

effect of balanced

and unbalanced

forces on the state of

motion of an object

using Newton's First

Law of Motion.

IPC.5.B analyze data to

explain the

relationship between

mass and acceleration

in terms of the net

force on an object in

one dimension using

force diagrams, tables,

and graphs;

IPC.5.D describe the

nature of the four

fundamental forces:

gravitation;

electromagnetic; the

strong and weak

nuclear forces,

including fission and

fusion; and mass‐

energy equivalency;

3.8.B plan and conduct

investigations that

demonstrate how the

speed of an object is

related to its mechanical

energy.

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near

7.7.C measure,

record, and interpret

an object's motion

using distance‐time

graphs;

Phy.5.A analyze different

types of motion by

generating and interpreting

position versus time,

velocity versus time, and

acceleration versus time

using hand graphing and real

‐

time technology such as

motion detectors,

photogates, or digital

applications;

Phy.5.D describe and

analyze acceleration in

uniform circular and

horizontal projectile motion

in two dimensions using

equations;

Collisions

2.7.A explain how

objects push on each

other and may change

shape when they

touch or collide;

IPC.5.C apply the

concepts of

momentum and

impulse to design,

evaluate, and refine a

device to minimize the

net force on objects

during collisions such

as those that occur

during vehicular

accidents, sports

activities, or the

dropping of personal

electronic devices;

Phy.7.D calculate and

describe the impulse and

momentum of objects in

physical systems such as

automobile safety features,

athletics, and rockets; and

Phy.7.E analyze the

conservation of momentum

qualitatively in inelastic and

elastic collisions in one

dimension using models,

diagrams, and simulations.

Work & Power

Phy.7.A calculate and

explain work and power in

one dimension and identify

when work is and is not

being done by or on a

system;

Newton's Law of

Universal

Gravitation

7.9.B describe how

gravity governs

motion within Earth’s

solar system;

IPC.5.E construct and

communicate an

explanation based on

evidence for how

changes in mass,

charge, and distance

affect the strength of

gravitational and

electrical forces

between two objects.

Phy.5.H describe and

calculate, using scientific

notation, how the

magnitude of force between

two objects depends on

their masses and the

distance between their

centers, and predict the

effects on objects in linear

and orbiting systems using

Newton's law of universal

gravitation.

Astro.11.A relate

Newton's law of universal

gravitation and Kepler's

laws of planetary motion

to the formation and

motion of the planets and

their satellites;

Light

K.8.A communicate

the idea that objects

can only be seen

when a light source is

present and compare

the effects of

different amounts of

light on the

appearance of

objects;

3.8.A identify everyday

examples of energy,

including light, sound,

thermal, and mechanical;

and

5.8.C demonstrate and

explain how light travels

in a straight line and can

be reflected, refracted, or

absorbed.

IPC.7.D explain how

electrons can

transition from a high

energy level to a low

energy state, emitting

photons at different

frequencies for

different energy

transitions;

Phy.8.G describe and predict

image formation as a

consequence of reflection

from a plane mirror and

refraction through a thin

convex lens.

K.8.B demonstrate

and explain that light

travels through some

objects and is blocked

by other objects,

creating shadows.

Phy.9.C compare and

explain how superposition

of quantum states is related

to the wave‐particle duality

nature of light;

Phy.8.E compare the

different applications of the

electromagnetic spectrum,

including radio telescopes,

microwaves, and x‐rays;

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Phy.8.F investigate the

emission spectra produced

by various atoms and

explain the relationship to

the electromagnetic

spectrum;

Phy.9.A describe the

photoelectric effect and

emission spectra produced

by various atoms and how

both are explained by the

photon model for light;

Sound

2.8.A demonstrate

and explain that

sound is made by

vibrating matter and

that vibrations can be

caused by a variety of

means, including

sound;

3.8.A identify everyday

examples of energy,

including light, sound,

thermal, and mechanical;

and

2.8.B explain how

different levels of

sound are used in

everyday life such as

a whisper in a

classroom or a fire

alarm; and

2.8.C design and build

a device using tools

and materials that

uses sound to solve

the problem of

communicating over a

distance.

Kinetic Energy

3.8.A identify everyday

examples of energy,

including light, sound,

thermal, and mechanical;

and

7.8.C explain the

relationship between

temperature and the

kinetic energy of the

particles within a

substance.

Phy.7.B investigate and

calculate mechanical,

kinetic, and potential energy

of a system;

Transfer of Energy

4.8.A investigate and

identify the transfer of

energy by objects in

motion, waves in water,

and sound;

5.8.A investigate and

describe the

transformation of energy

in systems such as energy

in a flashlight battery that

changes from chemical

energy to electrical

energy to light energy;

6.8.B describe how

energy is conserved

through transfers and

transformations in

systems such as

electrical circuits, food

webs, amusement

park rides, or

photosynthesis; and

7.8.A investigate

methods of thermal

energy transfer into

and out of systems,

including conduction,

convection, and

radiation;

8.8.B explain the use

of electromagnetic

waves in applications

such as radiation

therapy, wireless

technologies, fiber

optics.

IPC.6.D investigate and

demonstrate the

movement of thermal

energy through solids,

liquids, and gases by

convection,

conduction, and

radiation such as

weather, living, and

mechanical systems;

Chem.13.B investigate the

process of heat transfer

using calorimetry;

Phy.7.C apply the concept of

conservation of energy using

the work‐energy theorem,

energy diagrams, and energy

transformation equations,

including transformations

between kinetic, potential,

and thermal energy;

Earth.8.A evaluate heat

transfer through Earth's

systems by convection and

conduction and include its

role in plate tectonics and

volcanism;

Env.7.D identify and describe how

energy is used, transformed, and

conserved as it flows through

ecosystems.

6.8.C explain how

energy is transferred

through transverse

and longitudinal

waves.

IPC.6.E plan and

conduct an

investigation to

evaluate the transfer

of energy or

information through

different materials by

different types of

waves such as wireless

signals, ultraviolet

radiation, and

microwaves;

Chem.13.D perform

calculations involving heat,

mass, temperature change,

and specific heat

Phy.8.A examine and

describe simple harmonic

motion such as masses on

springs and pendulums and

wave energy propagation in

various types of media such

as surface waves on a body

of water and pulses in ropes;

Env.5.B explain the cycling of

water, phosphorus, carbon,

silicon, and nitrogen through

ecosystems, including sinks, and

the human interactions that alter

these cycles using tools such as

models;

IPC.6.C plan and

conduct an

investigation to

provide evidence that

energy is conserved

within a closed

system;

Env.7.B relate biogeochemical

cycles to the flow of energy in

ecosystems, including energy

sinks such as oil, natural gas, and

coal deposits

Env.7.C explain the flow of heat

energy in an ecosystem, including

conduction, convection, and

radiation; and

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Electricity

4.8.C demonstrate and

describe how electrical

energy travels in a

closed path that can

produce light and

thermal energy.

5.8B demonstrate that

electrical energy in

complete circuits can be

transformed into motion,

light, sound, or thermal

energy and identify the

requirements for a

functioning electrical

circuit;

IPC.6.A design and

construct series and

parallel circuits that

model real‐world

circuits such as in‐

home wiring,

automobile wiring,

and simple electrical

devices to evaluate

the transfer of

electrical energy;

Phy.6.D analyze, design, and

construct series and parallel

circuits using schematics and

materials such as switches,

wires, resistors, lightbulbs,

batteries, voltmeters, and

ammeters;

4.8.B identify IPC.6.B design, Phy.6.E calculate current

conductors and evaluate, and refine a through, potential

insulators of thermal device that generates difference across, resistance

and electrical energy; electrical energy of, and power used by

and through the

interaction of electric

charges and magnetic

fields;

electric circuit elements

connected in both series and

parallel circuits using Ohm's

law.

Potential Energy

6.8.A compare and

contrast gravitational,

elastic, and chemical

potential energies

with kinetic energy;

Phy.7.B investigate and

calculate mechanical,

kinetic, and potential energy

of a system;

Characteristics of

Waves

8.8.A compare the

characteristics of

amplitude, frequency,

and wavelength in

transverse waves,

including the

electromagnetic

spectrum;

IPC.6.F construct and

communicate an

evidence‐based

explanation for how

wave interference,

reflection, and

refraction are used in

technology such as

medicine,

communication, and

scientific research;

Chem.6.C investigate the

mathematical relationship

between energy,

frequency, and wavelength

of light using the

electromagnetic spectrum

and relate it to the

quantization of energy in

the emission spectrum;

Phy.8.B compare the

characteristics of transverse

and longitudinal waves,

including electromagnetic

and sound waves;

8.8.B explain the use

of electromagnetic

waves in applications

such as radiation

therapy, wireless

technologies, fiber

optics.

IPC.7.E explain how

atomic energy levels

and emission spectra

present evidence for

the wave particle

duality;

Phy.8.C investigate and

analyze characteristics of

waves, including velocity,

frequency, amplitude, and

wavelength, and calculate

using the relationships

between wave speed,

frequency, and wavelength;

Phy.8.D investigate

behaviors of waves,

including reflection,

refraction, diffraction,

interference, standing wave,

the Doppler effect and

polarization and

superposition; and

Phy.9.B investigate Malus's

Law and describe examples

of applications of wave

polarization, including 3‐D

movie glasses and LCD

computer screens;

Thermodynamics

3.8.A identify everyday

examples of energy,

including light, sound,

thermal, and mechanical;

and

7.8.B investigate how

thermal energy

moves in a

predictable pattern

from warmer to

cooler until all

substances within the

system reach thermal

equilibrium;

Chem.13.A explain

everyday examples that

illustrate the four laws of

thermodynamics;

Chem.10.A describe the

postulates of the kinetic

molecular theory;

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Quantum Physics

Phy.9.D give examples of

applications of quantum

phenomena, including the

Heisenberg uncertainty

principle, quantum

computing, and

cybersecurity.

Conservation of

Charge

Phy.6.C investigate and

describe conservation of

charge during the processes

of induction, conduction,

and polarization using

different materials such as

electroscopes, balloons,

rods, fur, silk, and Van de

Graaf generators;

Key

SE containing blue text aligns with more than one topic. The black text is relevant to the topic in that row.