Jury Exclusion of People with
Felony Convictions by State
Appendix A to
Inequitable and Undemocratic:
A Research Brief on Jury Exclusion in Massachusetts
and a Multipronged Approach to Dismantle It
Prepared by Katy Naples-Mitchell and Haruka Margaret Braun for the
Jury Selection Working Group of the Roundtable on Racial Disparities in
Massachusetts Criminal Courts
June 2023
Jury Exclusion of People with Felony Convictions by State
Current Incarceration
No exclusion
Maine
No exclusion after
incarceration ends
Indiana
North Dakota
No exclusion after
incarceration ends (past
felony conviction can be
used for dismissal in
court)
Colorado
Illinois
Iowa
Current incarceration and
some past felony
convictions
Exclusion forever
Alabama
Current incarceration and all past
felony convictions
Exclusion forever
Arizona
Arkansas
Delaware
Georgia
Hawaii
Kentucky
Michigan
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New York
Oklahoma
Tennessee
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Wyoming
Exclusion for fixed period of time
Connecticut
District of Columbia
Kansas
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Nevada
Exclusion until competition of
sentence (incl. parole and
probation)
Alaska
California (certain offenses lead to
permanent exclusion)
Florida
Idaho
Minnesota
Montana
New Mexico
North Carolina
Ohio
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Washington
Wisconsin
Current incarceration,
all past felony
convictions, and some
past misdemeanor
convictions
Exclusion forever
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Texas
Exclusion for fixed
period of time
Oregon
Updated List of Prison Policy Initiative (2021)
June 2023 Appendix A: Jury Exclusion of People with Felony Convictions by State
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Alabama
Current incarceration and some past felony convictions bar persons from jury service, as defined as any
offense involving “moral turpitude”. All felonies are a basis of challenge, even those not triggering
exclusion from the pool
Alabama Code Title 12. Courts § 12-16-60
(a) A prospective juror is qualified to serve on a jury if the juror is generally reputed to be honest and
intelligent and is esteemed in the community for integrity, good character and sound judgment and also:
(1) Is a citizen of the United States, has been a resident of the county for more than 12 months
and is over the age of 19 years;
(2) Is able to read, speak, understand and follow instructions given by a judge in the English
language;
(3) Is capable by reason of physical and mental ability to render satisfactory jury service, and is
not afflicted with any permanent disease or physical weakness whereby the juror is unfit to
discharge the duties of a juror;
(4) Has not lost the right to vote by conviction for any offense involving moral turpitude.
(b) The jury commission shall determine, on the basis of information provided on the jury qualification
form or interviews with the prospective juror or other competent evidence:
(1) If the prospective juror is qualified. If so, the name or identifying number of the juror shall be
placed in the trial court jury box.
(2) If not, the commission shall notify the prospective juror of its decision and certify the juror's
name to the court as disqualified. The juror shall have 10 days within which to appear before the
court to review such decision. If the court finds such juror to be qualified, the court shall so
certify to the commission. If the juror fails to appear, or the court finds such juror not qualified,
the court shall so certify to the commission.
(c) In any event, the jury commission shall enter on the master list the ultimate determination of the
qualification of each juror.
Alabama Rules of Judicial Administration: Rule 46
(A) Qualifications. A prospective juror is qualified to serve on a jury if the prospective juror is generally
reputed to be honest and intelligent and is esteemed in the community for integrity, good character,
and sound judgment and also:
(1) Is a citizen of the United States, has been a resident of the county for more than 12 months,
and is 19 years old or older;
(2) Is able to read, speak, understand, and follow instructions given by a judge in the English
language;
(3) Is capable by reason of physical and mental ability to render satisfactory jury service and is
not afflicted with any permanent disease or physical weakness whereby the prospective juror is
unfit to discharge the duties of a juror;
(4) Has not lost the right to vote by conviction for any offense involving moral turpitude;
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(5) Does not display any signs and symptoms associated with diseases known to be transmitted
through respiration; and
(6) Meets any other requirement for qualification that is required by law.
Alabama Code Title 12. Courts § 12-16-150
It is good ground for challenge of a juror by either party:
(1) That the person has not been a resident householder or freeholder of the county for the last
preceding six months.
(2) That he is not a citizen of Alabama.
(3) That he has been indicted within the last 12 months for felony or an offense of the same character as
that with which the defendant is charged.
(4) That he is connected by consanguinity within the ninth degree, or by affinity within the fifth degree,
computed according to the rules of the civil law, either with the defendant or with the prosecutor or the
person alleged to be injured.
(5) That he has been convicted of a felony.
(6) That he has an interest in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant or has made any promise or
given any assurance that he will convict or acquit the defendant.
(7) That he has a fixed opinion as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant which would bias his
verdict.
(8) That he is under 19 years of age.
(9) That he is of unsound mind.
(10) That he is a witness for the other party.
(11) That the juror, in any civil case, is plaintiff or defendant in a case which stands for trial during the
week he is challenged or is related by consanguinity within the ninth degree or by affinity within the fifth
degree, computed according to the rules of the civil law, to any attorney in the case to be tried or is a
partner in business with any party to such case.
(12) That the juror, in any civil case, is an officer, employee or stockholder of or, in case of a mutual
company, is the holder of a policy of insurance with an insurance company indemnifying any party to
the case against liability in whole or in part or holding a subrogation claim to any portion of the
proceeds of the claim sued on or being otherwise financially interested in the result of the case.
List of crimes involving moral turpitude
Listed under the Felony Voter Disqualification Act Codified as Code of Alabama (1975), section 17-3-30.1
June 2023 Appendix A: Jury Exclusion of People with Felony Convictions by State
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Alaska
Eligibility for jury service is restored upon completion of sentence, including parole and probation, for all
past felony convictions.
Alaska Stat. §§ 09.20.020
A person is disqualified from serving as a juror if the person
(1) has served as a juror in the state within one year of the time of examination for service; or
(2) has been convicted of a felony for which the person has not been unconditionally discharged;
unconditional discharge has the meaning given in AS 12.55.185.
15.05.030 - Loss and restoration of voting rights
(a) A person convicted of a crime that constitutes a felony involving moral turpitude under state or
federal law may not vote in a state, federal, or municipal election from the date of the conviction
through the date of the unconditional discharge of the person. Upon the unconditional discharge, the
person may register under AS 15.07.(b) The commissioner of corrections shall establish procedures by
which a person unconditionally discharged is advised of the voter registration requirements and
procedures.
33-30-241 - Effect of judgement of conviction on civil rights
(a) A person who is convicted of a felony involving moral turpitude as defined in AS 15.60.010 is
disqualified from voting in a state or municipal election until the person's unconditional discharge.
(b) A person who is convicted of a felony is disqualified from serving as a juror until the person's
unconditional discharge.
(c) In this section "unconditional discharge" has the meaning given in AS 12.55.185 .
June 2023 Appendix A: Jury Exclusion of People with Felony Convictions by State
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Arizona
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions bars a person from jury service, unless that person
has their civil rights restored. However, exclusion becomes permanent upon conviction of a second
felony.
Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 13-904
A. A conviction for a felony suspends the following civil rights of the person sentenced:
1. The right to vote.
2. The right to hold public office of trust or profit.
3. The right to serve as a juror.
4. During any period of imprisonment any other civil rights the suspension of which is reasonably
necessary for the security of the institution in which the person sentenced is confined or for the
reasonable protection of the public.
5. The right to possess a firearm.
13-907
A. On completion of probation for an offense committed in this state or absolute discharge from
imprisonment, any person who has not previously been convicted of a felony offense shall automatically
be restored any civil rights that were lost or suspended as a result of the conviction if the person pays all
victim restitution imposed. A person who is entitled to the restoration of any civil rights pursuant to this
subsection is not required to file an application pursuant to section 13-908, except that if the person
does file an application, the court shall grant the application without receiving a response from the state
or holding a hearing.
B. On completion of probation for an offense committed outside the jurisdiction of this state or absolute
discharge from a prison in another state or the federal bureau of prisons, a person who has not
previously been convicted of a felony offense is eligible for automatic restoration of any civil rights that
were lost or suspended as a result of the conviction if the person pays all victim restitution imposed. A
person who is entitled to the restoration of any civil rights pursuant to this subsection shall file an
application pursuant to section 13-908, and the court shall grant the application without receiving a
response from the state or holding a hearing.
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California
Eligibility for jury service is restored upon completion of sentence, including parole and probation, for all
past felony convictions. However, in cases of active state supervision or on the sex offender registry,
such exclusion becomes permanent. This recent adaptation became effective in January 2020 under
SB310, ‘The Right to a Jury of Your Peers’. Before the act, California had permanently excluded
individuals with a felony conviction from the jury process.
California Code of Civil Procedure § 203
(a) All persons are eligible and qualified to be prospective trial jurors, except the following:
(1) Persons who are not citizens of the United States.
(2) Persons who are less than 18 years of age.
(3) Persons who are not domiciliaries of the State of California, as determined pursuant to
Article 2 (commencing with Section 2020) of Chapter 1 of Division 2 of the Elections Code.
(4) Persons who are not residents of the jurisdiction wherein they are summoned to serve.
(5) Persons who have been convicted of malfeasance in office and whose civil rights have not
been restored.
(6) Persons who are not possessed of sufficient knowledge of the English language, provided
that no person shall be deemed incompetent solely because of the loss of sight or hearing in any
degree or other disability which impedes the person’s ability to communicate or which impairs
or interferes with the person’s mobility.
(7) Persons who are serving as grand or trial jurors in any court of this state.
(8) Persons who are the subject of conservatorship.
(9) Persons while they are incarcerated in any prison or jail.
(10) Persons who have been convicted of a felony and are currently on parole, postrelease
community supervision, felony probation, or mandated supervision for the conviction of a
felony.
(11) Persons who are currently required to register as a sex offender pursuant to Section 290 of
the Penal Code based on a felony conviction.
(b) No person shall be excluded from eligibility for jury service in the State of California, for any reason
other than those reasons provided by this section.
(c) The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held
invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications that can be given effect without
the invalid provision or application.
(Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 591, Sec. 1. (SB 310) Effective January 1, 2020.)
§ 893
893. (a) A person is competent to act as a grand juror only if he possesses each of the following
qualifications:
(1) He is a citizen of the United States of the age of 18 years or older who shall have been a resident of
the state and of the county or city and county for one year immediately before being selected and
returned.
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(2) He is in possession of his natural faculties, of ordinary intelligence, of sound judgment, and of fair
character.
(3) He is possessed of sufficient knowledge of the English language.
(b) A person is not competent to act as a grand juror if any of the following apply:
(1) The person is serving as a trial juror in any court of this state.
(2) The person has been discharged as a grand juror in any court of this state within one year.
(3) The person has been convicted of malfeasance in office or any felony or other high crime.
(4) The person is serving as an elected public officer.
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Colorado
After incarceration ends, there is no automatic exclusion from jury selection. However, past felony
convictions can be a basis of challenge in the jury selection process.
Colo. Rev. Stat. §13-71-105
(1) Any person who is a United States citizen and resides in a county or lives in such county more than
fifty percent of the time, whether or not registered to vote, shall be qualified to serve as a trial or grand
juror in such county. Citizenship and residency status on the date that the jury service is to be
performed shall control.
(2) A prospective trial or grand juror shall be disqualified, based on the following grounds:
(a) Being under the age of eighteen;
(b) Inability to read, speak, and understand the English language;
(c) Inability, by reason of a physical or mental disability, to render satisfactory juror service. Any
person claiming this disqualification shall submit a letter, if the jury commissioner requests it,
from a licensed physician, licensed physician assistant authorized under section 12-36-106 (5),
C.R.S., licensed advanced practice nurse, or authorized Christian science practitioner, stating the
nature of the disability and an opinion that such disability prevents the person from rendering
satisfactory juror service. The physician, physician assistant, licensed advanced practice nurse,
or authorized Christian science practitioner shall apply the following guideline: A person shall be
capable of rendering satisfactory juror service if the person is able to perform a sedentary job
requiring close attention for three consecutive business days for six hours per day, with short
breaks in the morning and afternoon sessions.
(d) Sole responsibility for the daily care of an individual with a permanent disability living in the
same household to the extent that the performance of juror service would cause a substantial
risk of injury to the health of the individual with a disability. Jurors who are regularly employed
at a location other than their households may not be disqualified for this reason. Any person
claiming this disqualification shall, if the jury commissioner requests it, submit a letter from a
licensed physician, licensed physician assistant authorized under section 12-36-106 (5), C.R.S.,
licensed advanced practice nurse, or authorized Christian science practitioner stating the name,
address, and age of the individual with a disability, the nature of care provided by the
prospective juror, and an opinion that the performance of juror service would cause a
substantial risk of injury to the individual with a disability.
(e) Residence outside of the county with no intention of returning to the county at any time
during the succeeding twelve months;
(f) Selection and service as an impaneled trial or grand juror in any municipal, tribal, military,
state, or federal court within the preceding twelve months or being scheduled for juror service
within the next twelve months. Any person claiming this disqualification must submit a letter or
other formal acknowledgment from the appropriate authority verifying his or her prior or
pending juror service.
(g) Appearance as a prospective juror in state court in accordance with the provisions of section
13-71-120 within the current calendar year. Any person claiming this disqualification shall
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submit a letter or other formal acknowledgment from the appropriate authority verifying such
prior juror appearance. This exemption, however, does not apply in emergency circumstances as
provided for in section 13-71-112.
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Connecticut
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions trigger an exclusion from jury selection for a fixed
period of time. In June 2021, Connecticut enacted a law lowering the years of jury exclusion post-felony
conviction from seven to three years.
HB 6458 - Public Act No. 21-170
Section 1. Section 51-217 of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu
thereof (Effective October 1, 2021):
(a) All jurors shall be electors, individuals lawfully admitted for permanent residence, as defined in 8 USC
1101(a)(20), as amended from time to time, or citizens of the United States, who are residents of this
state having a permanent place of abode in this state and appear on the list compiled by the Jury
Administrator under subsection (b) of section 51-222a, who have reached the age of eighteen. A person
shall be disqualified to serve as a juror if such person: (1) Is found by a judge of the Superior Court to
exhibit any quality which will impair the capacity of such person to serve as a juror, except that no
person shall be disqualified because the person is deaf or hard of hearing; (2) has been convicted of a
felony within the past [seven] three years or is a defendant in a pending felony case or is in the custody
of the Commissioner of Correction; (3) is not able to speak and understand the English language; (4) is
the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of the State, Treasurer, Comptroller or Attorney General;
(5) is a judge of the Probate Court, Superior Court, Appellate Court or Supreme Court, is a family support
magistrate or is a federal court judge; (6) is a member of the General Assembly, provided such
disqualification shall apply only while the General Assembly is in session; (7) is a registrar of voters or
deputy registrar of voters of a municipality, provided such disqualification shall apply only during the
period from twenty-one days before the date of a federal, state or municipal election, primary or
referendum to twenty-one days after the date of such election, primary or referendum, inclusive; (8) is
[seventy] seventy-five years of age or older and chooses not to perform juror service; (9) is incapable, by
reason of a physical or mental disability, of rendering satisfactory juror service; or (10) for the jury year
commencing on September 1, 2017, and each jury year thereafter, has served in the United States
District Court for the District of Connecticut as (A) a federal juror on a matter that has been tried to a
jury during the last three preceding jury years, or (B) a federal grand juror during the last three
preceding jury years. Any person claiming a disqualification under subdivision (9) of this subsection shall
submit to the Jury Administrator a letter from a licensed health care provider stating the health care
provider's opinion that such disability prevents the person from rendering satisfactory juror service. In
reaching such opinion, the health care provider shall apply the following guideline: A person shall be
capable of rendering satisfactory juror service if such person is able to perform a sedentary job requiring
close attention for six hours per day, with short work breaks in the morning and afternoon sessions, for
at least three consecutive business days. Any person claiming a disqualification under subdivision (10) of
this subsection shall supply proof of federal jury service satisfactory to the Jury Administrator.
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Delaware
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions bar persons from jury service forever.
Del. Code Ann. tit. 10, § 4509. Disqualification from jury service.
(a) The Court shall determine on the basis of information provided on the juror qualification form or
interview with the prospective juror or other competent evidence whether the prospective juror is
disqualified for jury service.
(b) All persons are qualified for jury service except those who are:
(1) Not citizens of the United States;
(2) Less than 18 years of age;
(3) Not residents of the county of prospective jury service;
(4) Unable to read, speak and understand the English language;
(5) Incapable, by reason of physical or mental disability, of rendering satisfactory jury service; or
(6) Convicted felons who have not had their civil rights restored.
(c) A prospective juror may be required to submit proof as to possible disqualification, including a
physician’s or Christian Science Practitioner’s certificate, and the physician or practitioner is subject to
inquiry by the Court at its discretion.
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District of Columbia
All felonies and all misdemeanors trigger an exclusion from jury service for or one year after the
completion of incarceration, probation, supervised release, or parole following conviction of a felony.
Exclusions extend to people while accused of either a felony or a misdemeanor.
D.C. Code. § 11-1906.
Qualification of jurors.
(2) An individual shall not be qualified to serve as a juror —
(A) if determined to be incapable by reason of physical or mental infirmity of rendering
satisfactory jury service; or
(B) if that individual has been convicted of a felony or has a pending felony or misdemeanor
charge, except that an individual disqualified for jury service by reason of a felony conviction
may qualify for jury service not less than one year after the completion of the term of
incarceration, probation, or parole following appropriate certification under procedures set out
in the jury system plan.
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Florida
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions triggers an exclusion from serving on a jury,
including for pending charges. In March 2021, Florida changed its executive clemency rules, such that a
person with a past felony conviction, other than a conviction for murder or a sexual offense, regain their
right to serve on a jury after completing the terms of their sentence, including the payment of legal
financial obligations.
Florida Rules of Executive Clemency
Automatic Restoration of Civil Rights under Florida Law Without a Hearing for Felons Who Have
Completed All Terms of Sentence Pursuant to Amendment 4 as Defined in § 98.0751(2)(a), Fla. Stat.
(2020)
A. Criteria for Eligibility
A person shall have his or her civil rights under Florida law immediately restored upon processing by
automatic approval of the Clemency Board, including the right to vote, the right to serve on a jury, and
the right to hold public office but excluding the specific authority to own, possess, or use firearms,
without a hearing, if the following requirements are met:
1. The person has completed all terms of sentence under Amendment 4 as defined in § 98.0751(2)(a),
Fla. Stat. (2020)—including any legal financial obligations—arising from his or her felony conviction or
convictions;
2. The person has no outstanding detainers or pending criminal charges;
3. The person has paid all restitution pursuant to a court order or civil judgment and obligations
pursuant to Chapter 960, Florida Statutes;
4. The person has never been convicted of one of the following crimes:
a. Murder as defined in § 98.0751(2)(c), Fla. Stat. (2020);
b. A felony sexual offense as defined in § 98.0751(2)(b), Fla. Stat. (2020);
c. Any offense committed in another jurisdiction or under Federal law which would constitute one
of the foregoing offenses if committed within the criminal jurisdiction of Florida; and
5. The person must be a citizen of the United States; and if convicted in a court other than a
Florida court, the person must be a legal resident of Florida.
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Georgia
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions bar persons from jury service forever.
Ga. Code Ann. § 15-12-40.
Ineligibility to serve as a trial juror
Any person who has been convicted of a felony in a state or federal court who has not had his or her
civil rights restored and any person who has been judicially determined to be mentally incompetent
shall not be eligible to serve as a trial juror.
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Hawaii
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions bar persons from jury service forever.
Haw. Rev. Stat. §612-4 Grounds of qualification and disqualification
(a) A prospective juror is qualified to serve as a juror if the prospective juror:
(1) Is a citizen of the United States and of the State;
(2) Is at least eighteen years old;
(3) Is a resident of the circuit; and
(4) Is able to read, speak, and understand the English language.
(b) A prospective juror is disqualified to serve as a juror if the prospective juror:
(1) Is incapable, by reason of the prospective juror's disability, of rendering satisfactory jury service; but
a prospective juror claiming this disqualification may be required to submit a physician's, physician
assistant's, or advanced practice registered nurse's certificate as to the disability, and the certifying
physician, physician assistant, or advanced practice registered nurse is subject to inquiry by the court at
its discretion;
(2) Has been convicted of a felony in a state or federal court and not pardoned; or
(3) Fails to meet the qualifications in subsection (a). [L 1973, c 191, pt of §1; gen ch 1985; am L 1996, c
168, §1; am L 2007, c 122, §3; am L 2009, c 151, §22; am L 2014, c 45, §15]
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Idaho
If a sentence of incarceration is imposed, a person is excluded from jury service until the completion of
the sentence, including parole and probation.
Idaho Code §§ 2-209, Determination of Qualification of Prospective Juror – Qualifications
(1) The administrative district judge or administrative district judge’s designee, upon request of the clerk
or the jury commissioner or a prospective juror or on its own initiative, shall determine on the basis of
information provided on the qualification questionnaire form or interview with the prospective juror or
other competent evidence whether:
(a) The prospective juror is not qualified to serve on a jury because he or she is unable to read, speak,
and understand the English language; or
(b) The prospective juror is disqualified from service on a jury because of a disability which renders the
prospective juror incapable of performing satisfactory jury service. A person claiming this
disqualification shall be required to submit a physician’s certificate as to the disability, and the certifying
physician is subject to inquiry by the court at its discretion.
(2) The clerk or the jury commissioner shall determine on the basis of information provided on the
qualification questionnaire form or interview with the prospective juror or other competent evidence
whether:
(a) The prospective juror is not qualified to serve on a jury because the person is not a citizen of the
United States of America, eighteen (18) years of age, and a resident of the county; or
(b) The prospective juror is disqualified from serving on a jury because of a felony criminal conviction as
provided by section 3, article VI, of the constitution of the state of Idaho, and who has not been restored
to the rights of citizenship pursuant to section 18-310, Idaho Code, or other applicable law.
Idaho Code Ann. § 18-310. Imprisonment – Effect on civil rights and offices
(1) A sentence of custody to the Idaho state board of correction suspends all the civil rights of the
person so sentenced, including the right to refuse treatment authorized by the sentencing court, and
forfeits all public offices and all private trusts, authority or power during such imprisonment: provided
that any such person may bring an action for damages or other relief in the courts of this state or have
an action brought against such person; and provided further that any such person may lawfully exercise
all civil rights that are not political during any period of parole or probation, except the right to ship,
transport, possess or receive a firearm, and the right to refuse treatment authorized by the sentencing
court.
(2) Upon final discharge, a person convicted of any Idaho felony shall be restored the full rights of
citizenship, except that for persons convicted of treason or those offenses enumerated in paragraphs (a)
through (hh) of this subsection the right to ship, transport, possess or receive a firearm shall not be
restored. As used in this subsection, "final discharge" means satisfactory completion of imprisonment,
probation and parole as the case may be.
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Illinois
While persons with a prior felony conviction are not barred from jury service after release from
incarceration per se, juror qualifications include that jurors be of fair character and of approved integrity
and challenges can be made in the jury selection process.
705 ILCS 305/2 Jury Act
(a) At the September meeting of the county board in each year in the respective counties in this State,
except those that have jury commissioners, the board shall select from the list the number of persons as
the judges of the circuit courts, to be held in the county during the succeeding year, may by joint action
determine to serve as petit jurors. In counties having jury commissioners, the persons to serve as petit
jurors shall be selected by the jury commissioners, as provided by law. County boards, a jury
administrator, and jury commissioners may utilize the services of the Administrative Office of the Illinois
Courts in making these selections. Jurors in all counties in Illinois must have the legal qualifications
herein prescribed. Jurors must be:
(1) Inhabitants of the country.
(2) Of the age of 18 years or upwards.
(3) Free from all legal exception, of fair character, of approved integrity, of sound judgment, well
informed, and able to understand the English language, whether in spoken or written form or
interpreted into sign language.
(4) Citizens of the United States of America.
(5) The person has had the right to vote revoked by reason of a felony conviction and the right
has not been restored.
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Indiana
Person is excluded from jury service until released from custody.
Ind. Code Ann. §§ 33-28-5-18
(b) A prospective juror is disqualified to serve on a jury if any of the following conditions exist:
(1) The person is not a citizen of the United States, at least eighteen (18) years of age, and a
resident of the county.
(2) The person is unable to read, speak, and understand the English language with a degree of
proficiency sufficient to fill out satisfactorily a juror qualification form.
(3) The person is incapable of rendering satisfactory jury service due to physical or mental
disability. However, a person claiming this disqualification may be required to submit a
physician's or authorized Christian Science practitioner's certificate confirming the disability, and
the certifying physician or practitioner is then subject to inquiry by the court at the court's
discretion.
(4) A guardian has been appointed for the person under IC 29-3 because the person has a
mental incapacity.
(5) The person has had the right to vote revoked by reason of a felony conviction and the right
has not been restored.
3-7-13-4
(a) A person who is:
(1) convicted of a crime; and
(2) imprisoned following conviction;
is deprived of the right of suffrage by the general assembly pursuant to Article 2, Section 8 of
the Constitution of the State of Indiana.
(b) A person described in subsection (a) is ineligible to register under this article during the period that
the person is:
(1) imprisoned; or
(2) otherwise subject to lawful detention.
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Iowa
Eligibility of jury service is not lost after the term of incarceration is complete, but a conviction may be
used as a basis for challenge in the jury selection process.
Iowa Rules of Civil Procedure 1.915(6)(a), 2.18(5)(a)
1.915(6) For cause. A juror may be challenged by a party for any of the following causes:
a. A previous conviction of the juror of a felony unless it can be established through the juror’s
testimony or otherwise that the juror’s rights of citizenship have been restored.
b. Want of any statutory qualification required to make that person a competent juror.
c. Physical or mental defects rendering the person incapable of performing the duties of a juror. d.
Consanguinity or affinity within the ninth degree to the adverse party.
e. Being a conservator, guardian, ward, employer, employee, agent, landlord, tenant, family
member, or member of the household of the adverse party.
f. Being a client of the firm of any attorney engaged in the cause.
g. Being a party adverse to the challenging party in any civil action; or having complained of or
been accused by the challenging party in a criminal prosecution.
h. Having already sat upon a trial of the same issues.
i. Having served as a grand or trial juror in a criminal case based on the same transaction.
j. When it appears the juror has formed or expressed an unqualified opinion on the merits of the
controversy, or shows a state of mind which will prevent the juror from rendering a just verdict.
k. Being interested in an issue like the one being tried.
l. Having requested, directly, or indirectly, that the person’s name be returned as a juror. Exemption
from jury service is not a ground of challenge, but the privilege of the person exempt.
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Kansas
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions trigger an exclusion from jury selection, with such
exclusion lasting for ten years after conviction or upon completion of a sentence, whichever is longer.
Kan. Stat. §§ 43-158. Same; persons excluded from jury service.
The following persons shall be excused from jury service: (a) Persons unable to understand the English
language with a degree of proficiency sufficient to respond to a jury questionnaire form prepared by the
commissioner;
(b) persons under adjudication of incompetency;
(c) persons who within 10 years immediately preceding have been convicted of or pleaded guilty, or
nolo contendere, to an indictment or information charging a felony;
(d) persons who have served as jurors in the county within one year immediately preceding; and
(e) a mother breastfeeding her child. Jury service shall be postponed until such mother is no longer
breastfeeding the child.
21-6613. Rights of imprisoned persons; restoration.
(a) A person who has been convicted in any state or federal court of a felony shall, by reason of such
conviction, be ineligible to hold any public office under the laws of the state of Kansas, or to register as a
voter or to vote in any election held under the laws of the state of Kansas or to serve as a juror in any
civil or criminal case.
(b) The ineligibilities imposed by this section shall attach upon conviction and shall continue until such
person has completed the terms of the authorized sentence.
(c) The ineligibilities imposed upon a convicted person by this section shall be in addition to such other
penalties as may be provided by law.
June 2023 Appendix A: Jury Exclusion of People with Felony Convictions by State
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Kentucky
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions bar persons from jury service forever. Such
exclusion also applies while accused of a felony.
Ky. Rev. Stat. § 29A.080.
Disqualifications for jury service -- Permanent exemption.
(1) The Chief Circuit Judge or one (1) or more judges of the court, the court's clerk, a deputy
clerk, the court's administrator, or a deputy court administrator so designated by the Chief
Circuit Judge shall determine on the basis of the information provided on the juror qualification
form whether the prospective juror is disqualified for jury service for any of the reasons listed in
subsection (2) of this section. This determination shall be entered in the space provided on the
juror qualification form. The Chief Circuit Judge shall cause each disqualified juror to be
immediately notified of the juror's disqualification.
(2) A prospective juror is disqualified to serve on a jury if the juror:
(a) Is under eighteen (18) years of age;
(b) Is not a citizen of the United States;
(c) Is not a resident of the county;
(d) Has insufficient knowledge of the English language;
(e) Has been previously convicted of a felony and has not been pardoned or received a
restoration of civil rights by the Governor or other authorized person of the jurisdiction
in which the person was convicted;
(f) Is presently under indictment; or
(g) Has served on a jury within the time limitations set out under KRS 29A.130.
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Louisiana
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions bar persons from jury service forever. Such
exclusion also applies while accused of a felony.
La. Code Crim. Proc. art. 401.
A. In order to qualify to serve as a juror, a person must:
(1) Be a citizen of the United States and of this state who has resided within the parish in which he is to
serve as a juror for at least one year immediately preceding his jury service.
(2) Be at least eighteen years of age.
(3) Be able to read, write, and speak the English language and be possessed of sufficient knowledge of
the English language.
(4) Not be under interdiction or incapable of serving as a juror because of a mental or physical infirmity,
provided that no person shall be deemed incompetent solely because of the loss of hearing in any
degree.
(5) Not be under indictment for a felony nor have been convicted of a felony for which he has not been
pardoned by the governor.
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Maine
Maine is the only state with no restrictions on jury service for those previously convicted of a felony.
While Maine does not technically bar those incarcerated from serving on juries, the common practice is
to excuse them. Maine repealed Section 1254’s mandatory exclusion of prospective jurors “convicted of
any scandalous crime or gross immorality” in 1981, and removed provision linking juror eligibility to
voting rights.
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Maryland
Any person with a conviction punishable by imprisonment exceeding one year and who received such a
sentence of imprisonment is ineligible for jury selection forever. This exclusion applies to those with a
pending charge for a crime punishable by more than a year of imprisonment.
Proposed SB30 would allow people convicted of juries unless the conviction involves witness
intimidation or jury tampering.
Md. Code Ann., Courts and Judicial Proceedings §8–103.
(a) Notwithstanding § 8–102 of this subtitle, an individual qualifies for jury service for a county only
if the individual:
(1) Is an adult as of the day selected as a prospective juror;
(2) Is a citizen of the United States; and
(3) Resides in the county as of the day sworn as a juror.
(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section and subject to the federal Americans with
Disabilities Act, an individual is not qualified for jury service if the individual:
(1) Cannot comprehend spoken English or speak English;
(2) Cannot comprehend written English, read English, or write English proficiently enough to
complete a juror qualification form satisfactorily;
(3) Has a disability that, as documented by a health care provider’s certification, prevents the
individual from providing satisfactory jury service;
(4) Has been convicted, in a federal or State court of record, of a crime punishable by
imprisonment exceeding 1 year and received a sentence of imprisonment for more than 1 year; or
(5) Has a charge pending, in a federal or State court of record, for a crime punishable by
imprisonment exceeding 1 year.
(c) An individual qualifies for jury service notwithstanding a disqualifying conviction under
subsection (b)(4) of this section if the individual is pardoned.
Senate Bill 30:
(4) Has been convicted, in a federal or State court of record, of:
(I) A crime punishable by imprisonment exceeding 1 year and is currently serving the sentence
imposed for the conviction, including a term of parole or probation; or
(II) A crime involving or relationg to:
1. Witness intimidation; or
2. Jury intimidation; or
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Massachusetts
A person is ineligible for jury service for jury service in the case of a pending felony charge, active
incarceration, and for seven years post conviction.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 234A § 4
Section 4. Any citizen of the United States who is a resident of the judicial district or who lives within the
judicial district more than fifty per cent of the time, whether or not he is registered to vote in any state
or federal election, shall be qualified to serve as a grand or trial juror in such judicial district unless one
of the following grounds for disqualification applies:—
1. Such person is under the age of eighteen years.
2. Such person is seventy years of age or older and indicates on a juror summons response an
election not to perform juror service.
3. Such person is not able to speak and understand the English language.
4. Such person is incapable, by reason of a physical or mental disability, of rendering satisfactory
juror service. Any person claiming this disqualification must submit a letter from a registered
physician stating the nature of the disability and the physician's opinion that such disability
prevents the person from rendering satisfactory juror service. In reaching such opinion, the
physician shall apply the following guideline: a person shall be capable of rendering satisfactory
juror service if such person is able to perform a sedentary job requiring close attention for six
hours per day, with short work breaks in the morning and afternoon sessions, for three
consecutive business days. If, according to the aforementioned guideline, a person shall be
permanently incapable of rendering satisfactory jury service during the person's lifetime, the
person claiming such permanent disqualification shall submit a letter from a registered physician
stating the nature of the disability and the physician's opinion that such disability will
permanently prevent the person from rendering satisfactory jury service. If the jury
commissioner determines that the person is permanently disabled, then the person shall be
considered permanently ineligible for jury service, and the person's name and physician's letter
shall be placed on record with the office of jury commissioner. The jury commissioner shall
make a decision on such matter promptly upon receipt of the aforementioned letter. For the
purposes of this section, ''physician'' shall include any accredited Christian Science practitioner.
5. Such person is solely responsible for the daily care of a permanently disabled person living in the
same household and the performance of juror service would cause a substantial risk of injury to
the health of the disabled person. Any person claiming this disqualification must submit a letter
from a registered physician stating the name, address, and age of the disabled person, the
nature of the daily care provided by the prospective juror, and the physician's opinion that the
performance of juror service would cause a substantial risk of injury to the health of the
disabled person. Any person who is regularly employed at a location other than that of his
household shall not be entitled to this disqualification.
6. Such person is outside the judicial district and does not intend to return to the judicial district at
any time during the following year.
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7. Such person has been convicted of a felony within the past seven years or is a defendant in
pending felony case or is in the custody of a correctional institution.
8. Such person has served as a grand or trial juror in any state or federal court within the previous
three years or the person is currently scheduled to perform such service. Any person claiming
this disqualification must submit a letter or certificate from the appropriate clerk of court or jury
commissioner verifying such prior or pending juror service unless such service was performed or
is pending in a court of the commonwealth.
June 2023 Appendix A: Jury Exclusion of People with Felony Convictions by State
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Michigan
Current incarceration and all past felony convictions bar persons from jury service forever.
Section 600.1307a
(1) To qualify as a juror, a person must meet all of the following criteria:
(a) Be a citizen of the United States, 18 years of age or older, and a resident in the county for which the
person is selected, and in the case of a district court in districts of the second and third class, be a
resident of the district.
(b) Be able to communicate in the English language.
(c) Be physically and mentally able to carry out the functions of a juror. Temporary inability must not be
considered a disqualification.
(d) Not have served as a petit or grand juror in a court of record during the preceding 12 months.
(e) Not have been convicted of a felony.
(2) A person more than 70 years of age may claim exemption from jury service and must be exempt
upon making the request.
(3) A nursing mother may claim exemption from jury service for the period during which she is nursing
her child and must be exempt upon making the request if she provides a letter from a physician, a
lactation consultant, or a certified nurse midwife verifying that she is a nursing mother.
(4) An individual who is a participant in the address confidentiality program created under the address
confidentiality program act may claim exemption from jury service for the period during which he or she
is a program participant. To obtain an exemption under this subsection, the individual shall provide his
or her participation card issued by the department of attorney general upon his or her certification as a
program participant to the court providing evidence that he or she is a current participant in the address
confidentiality program.
(5) For the purposes of this section and sections 1371 to 1376, a person has served as a juror if that
person has been paid for jury service.
(6) For purposes of this section:
(a) "Certified nurse midwife" means an individual licensed as a registered professional nurse under
article 15 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.16101 to 333.18838, who has been issued a
specialty certification in the practice of nurse midwifery by the board of nursing under section 17210 of
the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.17210.
(b) "Felony" means a violation of a penal law of this state, another state, or the United States for which
the offender, upon conviction, may be punished by death or by imprisonment for more than 1 year or
an offense expressly designated by law to be a felony.
(c) "Lactation consultant" means a lactation consultant certified by the International Board of Lactation
Consultant Examiners.
(d) "Physician" means an individual licensed by the state to engage in the practice of medicine or
osteopathic medicine and surgery under article 15 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL
333.16101 to 333.18838.
June 2023 Appendix A: Jury Exclusion of People with Felony Convictions by State
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Minnesota
A person is excluded from jury service until sentence is completed (including parole and probation).
Minnesota Court Rule 808. Qualifications for Jury Service
(a) The jury commissioner shall determine on the basis of information provided on the juror qualification
questionnaire, supplemented if necessary, whether the prospective juror is qualified for jury service.
This determination shall be entered on the questionnaire or other record designated by the court.
(b) To be qualified to serve as a juror, the prospective juror must be:
(1) A citizen of the United States.
(2) At least 18 years old.
(3) A resident of the county.
(4) Able to communicate in the English language.
(5) Be physically and mentally capable of rendering satisfactory jury service. A person claiming
disability may be required to submit a physician's certificate as to the disability, and the Judge
may inquire of the certifying physician. A prospective qualified juror who is 70 years of age or
older, who requests to be excused from jury service shall be automatically excused from service
without having to submit evidence of an inability to serve.
(6) A person who has had their civil rights restored if they have been convicted of a felony.
(7) A person who has not served as a state or federal grand or petit juror in the past four years.
(c) A judge, serving in the judicial branch of the government, is disqualified from jury service
June 2023 Appendix A: Jury Exclusion of People with Felony Convictions by State
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Mississippi
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
MS Code § 13-5-1
Every citizen not under the age of twenty-one years, who is either a qualified elector, or a resident
freeholder of the county for more than one year, is able to read and write, and has not been convicted
of an infamous crime, or the unlawful sale of intoxicating liquors within a period of five years and who is
not a common gambler or habitual drunkard, is a competent juror. No person who is or has been within
twelve months the overseer of a public road or road contractor shall, however, be competent to serve
as a grand juror. The lack of any such qualifications on the part of one or more jurors shall not, however,
vitiate an indictment or verdict. Moreover, no talesman or tales juror shall be qualified who has served
as such talesman or tales juror in the last preceding two years, and no juror shall serve on any jury who
has served as such for the last preceding two years. No juror shall serve who has a case of his own
pending in that court, provided there are sufficient qualified jurors in the district, and for trial at that
term.
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Missouri
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
Missouri Revised Statutes Title XXXIV Juries Chapter 494 Provisions as to Juries
494.425. Persons ineligible for jury service. — The following persons shall be disqualified from serving
as a petit or grand juror:
(1) Any person who is less than twenty-one years of age;
(2) Any person not a citizen of the United States;
(3) Any person not a resident of the county or city not within a county served by the court issuing the
summons;
(4) Any person who has been convicted of a felony, unless such person has been restored to his civil
rights;
(5) Any person unable to read, speak and understand the English language, unless such person's
inability is due to a vision or hearing impairment which can be adequately compensated for through the
use of auxiliary aids or services;
(6) Any person on active duty in the Armed Forces of the United States or any member of the
organized militia on active duty under order of the governor;
(7) Any judge of a court of record;
(8) Any person who, in the judgment of the court, is incapable of performing the duties of a juror
because of mental or physical illness or infirmity. The juror or the juror's personal representative, may
provide the court with documentation from a physician licensed to practice medicine verifying that a
mental or physical condition renders the person unfit for jury service for a period of up to twenty-four
months.
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Montana
A person with a felony conviction is excluded from jury service until the sentence is complete, including
probation and parole.
3-15-301, MCA
Who competent -- duty to serve. It is the policy of this state that all qualified citizens have an obligation
to serve on juries upon being summoned for jury duty, unless excused. Except as provided in 3-15-303, a
person is competent to act as a juror if the person is:
(1) 18 years of age or older;
(2) a resident for at least 30 days of the state and of the city, town, or county in which the person is
called for jury duty; and
(3) a citizen of the United States
3-15-303
Who not competent. A person is not competent to act as juror:
(1) who does not possess the qualifications prescribed by 3-15-301; or
(2) who has been convicted of malfeasance in office or any felony or other high crime.
46-18-801
Effect of conviction -- civil disabilities. (1) Conviction of an offense does not deprive the offender of a
civil or constitutional right, except as provided in the Montana constitution or as specifically enumerated
by the sentencing judge as a necessary condition of the sentence directed toward the objectives of
rehabilitation and the protection of society. If the sentencing judge incorporates by reference in the
sentencing order rules of the department of corrections or the board of pardons and parole setting
conditions of probation, parole, or supervised release with which the offender is required to comply, the
incorporation by reference constitutes a specific enumeration of the conditions for purposes of this
section.
(2) Except as provided in the Montana constitution, if a person has been deprived of a civil or
constitutional right by reason of conviction for an offense and the person's sentence has expired or the
person has been pardoned, the person is restored to all civil rights and full citizenship, the same as if the
conviction had not occurred.
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Nebraska
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 29-112
Felon; disqualified as juror or officeholder; warrant of discharge; effect; right to vote.
Any person sentenced to be punished for any felony, when the sentence is not reversed or annulled, is
incompetent to be a juror or to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit within this state, unless such
person receives from the Board of Pardons of this state a warrant of discharge, in which case such
person shall be restored to such civil rights and privileges as enumerated or limited by the Board of
Pardons. The warrant of discharge shall not release such person from the costs of conviction unless
otherwise ordered by the Board of Pardons.
Any person sentenced to be punished for any felony, when the sentence is not reversed or annulled, is
not qualified to vote until two years after he or she has completed the sentence, including any parole
term. The disqualification is automatically removed at such time.
29-112.01
Restoration of civil rights; felon; procedure.
Any person sentenced to be punished for any felony, when the sentence is other than confinement in a
Department of Correctional Services adult correctional facility, shall be restored to such civil rights as
enumerated or limited by the Board of Pardons upon receipt from the Board of Pardons of a warrant of
discharge, which shall be issued by such board upon receiving from the sentencing court a certificate
showing satisfaction of the judgment and sentence entered against such person.
25-1650.
Jurors; qualifications; disqualifications; excused or exempt, when.
(1) All citizens of the United States residing in any of the counties of this state who are over the age of
nineteen years, able to read, speak, and understand the English language, and free from all
disqualifications set forth under this section and from all other legal exceptions are qualified to serve on
all grand and petit juries in their respective counties. Persons disqualified to serve as either grand or
petit jurors are: (a) Judges of any court, (b) clerks of the Supreme or district courts, (c) sheriffs, (d)
jailers, (e) persons, or the spouse of any such persons, who are parties to suits pending in the county of
his, her, or their residence for trial to that jury panel, (f) persons who have been convicted of a felony
when such conviction has not been set aside or a pardon issued, and (g) persons who are subject to
liability for the commission of any offense which by special provision of law disqualifies them. Spouses
shall not serve as jurors on the same panel. Persons who are incapable, by reason of physical or mental
disability, of rendering satisfactory jury service shall not be qualified to serve on a jury, but a person
claiming this disqualification shall be required to submit a physician's certificate as to the disability and
the certifying physician is subject to inquiry by the court at its discretion. A nursing mother who requests
to be excused shall be excused from jury service until she is no longer nursing her child, but the mother
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shall be required to submit a physician's certificate in support of her request. A person who is serving on
active duty as a member of the United States Armed Forces who requests to be exempt shall be exempt
from jury service, but such person shall be required to submit documentation of his or her active-duty
status in support of his or her request.
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Nevada
A person is excluded from civil juries until a sentence is complete, and is excluded from criminal juries
for six years after the completion of a sentence.
NRS 213.157 Restoration of right to vote when placed on probation, granted parole or granted pardon;
restoration of civil rights after sentence served.
1. A person convicted of a felony:
(a) Who is placed on probation, granted parole or granted a pardon is immediately restored to
the right to vote;
(b) Who has served his or her sentence and has been released from prison:
(1) Is immediately restored to the right to serve as a juror in a civil action.
(2) Is immediately restored to the right to vote.
(3) Four years after the date of his or her release from prison, is restored to the right to hold
office.
(4) Six years after the date of his or her release from prison, is restored to the right to serve as a
juror in a criminal action.
2. Upon his or her release from prison, a person so released must be given an official
document which provides:
(a) That the person has been released from prison;
(b) That the person is restored to his or her civil right to serve as a juror in a civil action as of the
date of his or her release from prison;
(c) The date on which his or her civil right to hold office will be restored to the person pursuant
to subparagraph (3) of paragraph (b) of subsection 1; and
(d) The date on which his or her civil right to serve as a juror in a criminal action will be restored
to the person pursuant to subparagraph (4) of paragraph (b) of subsection 1.
3. A person who has been released from prison in this State or elsewhere and whose official
documentation of his or her release from prison is lost, damaged or destroyed may file a written request
with a court of competent jurisdiction to restore his or her civil rights pursuant to this section. Upon
verification that the person has been released from prison and is eligible to be restored to the civil rights
set forth in subsection 1, the court shall issue an order restoring the person to the civil rights set forth in
subsection 1. A person must not be required to pay a fee to receive such an order.
4. A person who has been released from prison in this State or elsewhere may present:
(a) Official documentation of his or her release from prison, if it contains the provisions set
forth in subsection 2; or
(b) A court order restoring his or her civil rights, as proof that the person has been restored to
the civil rights set forth in subsection 1.
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New Hampshire
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
N.H. Rev. Stat. § 500-A:7-a.
500-A:7-a Qualifications of Jurors. –
I. A juror shall be 18 years of age or older on or before the first day of reporting for jury duty.
II. A juror shall be a citizen of the United States and a resident of the county of jury service.
III. A juror shall have the ability to read, speak, and understand the English language.
IV. A juror shall not be subject to any physical or mental disability which would bar effective jury service.
V. A juror shall not have been convicted of any felony unless the conviction has been annulled.
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New Jersey
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
N.J. Rev. Stat. § 2B:20-1.
2B:20-1. Qualifications of jurors.
Every person summoned as a juror:
a. shall be 18 years of age or older;
b. shall be able to read and understand the English language;
c. shall be a citizen of the United States;
d. shall be a resident of the county in which the person is summoned;
e. shall not have been convicted of any indictable offense under the laws of this State, another state, or
the United States;
f. shall not have any mental or physical disability which will prevent the person from properly serving as
a juror.
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New Mexico
A prson with felony conviction is excluded from jury service until the completion of the sentence
(including probation and parole),
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 38-5-1.
A. A person who is at least eighteen years of age, a United States citizen, a resident of New Mexico
residing in the county for which a jury may be convened is eligible and may be summoned for service as
a juror by the courts, unless the person is incapable of rendering jury service because of:
(1) physical or mental illness or infirmity; or
(2) undue or extreme physical or financial hardship.
B. A person who was convicted of a felony and who meets all other requirements for eligibility may be
summoned for jury service if the person has successfully completed all conditions of the sentence
imposed for the felony, including conditions for probation or parole.
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New York
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
N.Y. Jud. Law § 510(3)
§ 510. Qualifications. In order to qualify as a juror a person must:
1. Be a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the county.
2. Be not less than eighteen years of age.
3. Not have been convicted of a felony.
4. Be able to understand and communicate in the English language.
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North Carolina
A person with felony conviction is excluded from jury service until the completion of the sentence,
including probation and parole.
N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 9-3.
All persons are qualified to serve as jurors and to be included on the master jury list who are citizens of
the State and residents of the county, who have not served as jurors during the preceding two years or
who have not served a full term of service as grand jurors during the preceding six years, who are 18
years of age or over, who are physically and mentally competent, who can understand the English
language, who have not been convicted of a felony or pleaded guilty or nolo contendere to an
indictment charging a felony (or if convicted of a felony or having pleaded guilty or nolo contendere to
an indictment charging a felony have had their citizenship restored pursuant to law), and who have not
been adjudged non compos mentis. Persons not qualified under this section are subject to challenge for
cause.
13-1.
Any person convicted of a crime, whereby the rights of citizenship are forfeited, shall have such rights
automatically restored upon the occurrence of any one of the following conditions:
(1) The unconditional discharge of an inmate, of a probationer, or of a parolee by the agency of the
State having jurisdiction of that person or of a defendant under a suspended sentence by the court.
(2) The unconditional pardon of the offender.
(3) The satisfaction by the offender of all conditions of a conditional pardon.
(4) With regard to any person convicted of a crime against the United States, the unconditional
discharge of such person by the agency of the United States having jurisdiction of such person, the
unconditional pardon of such person or the satisfaction by such person of a conditional pardon.
(5) With regard to any person convicted of a crime in another state, the unconditional discharge of such
person by the agency of that state having jurisdiction of such person, the unconditional pardon of such
person or the satisfaction by such person of a conditional pardon.
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North Dakota
Eligibility for jury service is lost while incarcerated, but restored upon release, except for certain
offenses.
N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-33-01. Rights lost.
1. A person sentenced for a felony to a term of imprisonment, during the term of actual
incarceration under such sentence, may not:
a. Vote in an election; or
b. Become a candidate for or hold public office.
§ 12.1-33-03(1). Certificate of discharge.
1. If the sentence were in this state, the sentence shall state that the defendant's rights to vote
and to hold any future public office are not lost except during the term of any actual
incarceration and that he suffers no other disability by virtue of his conviction and sentence
except as otherwise provided in such sentence or by law.
2. If the sentence were in another state or in a federal court, the convicted person shall lose the
rights to vote and to hold public office only during the term of actual incarceration. Any person
who has been sentenced in another state or in a federal court to a term of imprisonment and
who is present in this state shall be presumed to have had such rights restored.
3. If another state having a similar statute issues its certificate of discharge to a convicted person
stating that the defendant's rights have been restored, the rights of which he was deprived in
this state, under section 12.1-33-01, are restored to him in this state.
§ 27-09.1-08(2). Disqualification from jury service.
2. A prospective juror is disqualified to serve on a jury if the prospective juror:
a. Is not a citizen of the United States and a resident of the state and county in the jury pool;
b. Is not at least eighteen years old;
c. Is unable with reasonable accommodation to communicate and understand the English
language;
d. Is incapable, by reason of a physical or mental disability and with reasonable accommodation, of
rendering satisfactory jury service, but a person claiming this disqualification may be required to
submit a physician's certificate as to the disability and the certifying physician is subject to
inquiry by the court at its discretion; or
e. Has lost the right to vote because of imprisonment in the penitentiary (section 12.1-33-01) or
conviction of a criminal offense which by special provision of law disqualified the prospective
juror for such service.
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Ohio
A person with felony conviction is excluded from jury service until the completion of the sentence,
including probation and parole.
Ohio Rev. Code §§ 2313.17.
(A) Any person called as a juror for the trial of any cause shall be examined under oath or upon
affirmation as to the person's qualifications. A person is qualified to serve as a juror if the person is
eighteen years of age or older, is a resident of the county, and is an elector or would be an elector if the
person were registered to vote, regardless of whether the person actually is registered to vote.
(B) The following are good causes for challenge to any person called as a juror:
(1) That the person has been convicted of a crime that by law renders the person disqualified to serve
on a jury;
(2) That the person has an interest in the cause;
(3) That the person has an action pending between the person and either party;
(4) That the person formerly was a juror in the same cause;
(5) That the person is the employer, the employee, or the spouse, parent, son, or daughter of the
employer or employee, counselor, agent, steward, or attorney of either party;
(6) That the person is subpoenaed in good faith as a witness in the cause;
(7) That the person is akin by consanguinity or affinity within the fourth degree to either party or to the
attorney of either party;
(8) That the person or the person's spouse, parent, son, or daughter is a party to another action then
pending in any court in which an attorney in the cause then on trial is an attorney, either for or against
any such party to another such action;
(9) That the person discloses by the person's answers that the person cannot be a fair and impartial
juror or will not follow the law as given to the person by the court.
(C) Each challenge listed in division (B) of this section shall be considered as a principal challenge, and its
validity tried by the court.
(D) In addition to the causes listed in division (B) of this section, any petit juror may be challenged on
suspicion of prejudice against or partiality for either party, or for want of a competent knowledge of the
English language, or other cause that may render the juror at the time an unsuitable juror. The validity
of the challenge shall be determined by the court and be sustained if the court has any doubt as to the
juror's being entirely unbiased.
2945.25.
Challenges for cause
(I) That he has been convicted of a crime that by law disqualifies him from serving on a jury;
2961.01.
(A)(1) A person who pleads guilty to a felony under the laws of this or any other state or the United
States and whose plea is accepted by the court or a person against whom a verdict or finding of guilt for
committing a felony under any law of that type is returned, unless the plea, verdict, or finding is
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reversed or annulled, is incompetent to be an elector or juror or to hold an office of honor, trust, or
profit.
(2) When any person who under division (A)(1) of this section is incompetent to be an elector or juror or
to hold an office of honor, trust, or profit is granted parole, judicial release, or a conditional pardon or is
released under a non-jail community control sanction or a post-release control sanction, the person is
competent to be an elector during the period of community control, parole, post-release control, or
release or until the conditions of the pardon have been performed or have transpired and is competent
to be an elector thereafter following final discharge. The full pardon of a person who under division
(A)(1) of this section is incompetent to be an elector or juror or to hold an office of honor, trust, or profit
restores the rights and privileges so forfeited under division (A)(1) of this section, but a pardon shall not
release the person from the costs of a conviction in this state, unless so specified.
(B) A person who pleads guilty to a felony under laws of this state or any other state or the United States
and whose plea is accepted by the court or a person against whom a verdict or finding of guilt for
committing a felony under any law of that type is returned is incompetent to circulate or serve as a
witness for the signing of any declaration of candidacy and petition, voter registration application, or
nominating, initiative, referendum, or recall petition.
(C) As used in this section:
(1) "Community control sanction" has the same meaning as in section 2929.01 of the Revised Code.
(2) "Non-jail community control sanction" means a community control sanction that is neither a term in
a community-based correctional facility nor a term in a jail.
(3) "Post-release control" and "post-release control sanction" have the same meanings as in section
2967.01 of the Revised Code.
2967.16.
(A) Except as provided in division (D) of this section, when a paroled prisoner has faithfully performed
the conditions and obligations of the paroled prisoner's parole and has obeyed the rules and regulations
adopted by the adult parole authority that apply to the paroled prisoner, the authority may grant a final
release and thereupon shall issue to the paroled prisoner a certificate of final release that shall serve as
the minutes of the authority, but the authority shall not grant a final release earlier than one year after
the paroled prisoner is released from the institution on parole, and, in the case of a paroled prisoner
whose sentence is life imprisonment, the authority shall not grant a final release earlier than five years
after the paroled prisoner is released from the institution on parole.
(B)(1) When a prisoner who has been released under a period of post-release control pursuant to
section 2967.28of the Revised Code has faithfully performed the conditions and obligations of the
released prisoner's post-release control sanctions and has obeyed the rules and regulations adopted by
the adult parole authority that apply to the released prisoner or has the period of post-release control
terminated by a court pursuant to section 2929.141 of the Revised Code, the authority may terminate
the period of post-release control and issue to the released prisoner a certificate of termination, which
shall serve as the minutes of the authority. In the case of a prisoner who has been released under a
period of post-release control pursuant to division (B) of section 2967.28 of the Revised Code, the
authority shall not terminate post-release control earlier than one year after the released prisoner is
released from the institution under a period of post-release control. The authority shall classify the
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termination of post-release control as favorable or unfavorable depending on the offender's conduct
and compliance with the conditions of supervision. In the case of a released prisoner whose sentence is
life imprisonment, the authority shall not terminate post-release control earlier than five years after the
released prisoner is released from the institution under a period of post-release control.
(2) The department of rehabilitation and correction, no later than six months after July 8, 2002, shall
adopt a rule in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code that establishes the criteria for the
classification of a post-release control termination as "favorable" or "unfavorable."
(C)(1) Except as provided in division (C)(2) of this section, the following prisoners or person shall be
restored to the rights and privileges forfeited by a conviction:
(a) A prisoner who has served the entire prison term that comprises or is part of the prisoner's sentence
and has not been placed under any post-release control sanctions;
(b) A prisoner who has been granted a final release or termination of post-release control by the adult
parole authority pursuant to division (A) or (B) of this section;
(c) A person who has completed the period of a community control sanction or combination of
community control sanctions, as defined in section 2929.01 of the Revised Code, that was imposed by
the sentencing court.
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Oklahoma
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
Okla. Stat. tit. 38, § 28.
C. Persons who are not qualified to serve as jurors are:
1. Justices of the Supreme Court or the Court of Civil Appeals;
2. Judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals or the district court;
3. Sheriffs or deputy sheriffs;
4. Licensed attorneys engaged in the practice of law;
5. Persons who have been convicted of any felony or who have served a term of imprisonment in any
penitentiary, state or federal, for the commission of a felony; provided, any such citizen convicted, who
has been fully restored to his or her civil rights, shall be eligible to serve as a juror; and
6. Legislators during a session of the Legislature or when involved in state business.
tit. 22, § 658.
General causes of challenges are:
1. A conviction for felony.
2. A want of any of the qualifications prescribed by law, to render a person a competent juror, including
a want of knowledge of the English language as used in the courts.
3. Unsoundness of mind, or such defect in the faculties of the mind or organs of the body as renders him
incapable of performing the duties of a juror.
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Oregon
Eligibility for jury service is lost for a person convicted with a felony while incarcerated, but restored for
civil trials upon release. For grand jury and criminal trials, eligibility is restored 15 years after service of
felony sentence, and 5 years after service of sentence for misdemeanor involving dishonesty or violence
Or. Rev. Stat. § 137.281
(1) In any felony case, when the defendant is sentenced to a term of incarceration, the defendant is
deprived of all rights and privileges described in subsection (3) of this section from the date of
sentencing until:
(a) The defendant is released from incarceration; or
(b) The defendant’s conviction is set aside
(2) Subsection (1) of this section applies to any term of incarceration, whether the term of
incarceration was imposed as a result of conviction or as a sanction or revocation resulting from
the defendant’s violation of the terms and conditions or probation, parole or post-prison
supervision
(3) The rights and privileges of which a person may be deprived under this section are:
(a) Holding a public office or an office of a political party or becoming or remaining a
candidate for either office;
(b) Holding a position of private trust;
(c) Acting as a juror; or
(d) Exercising the right to vote.
ORS 10.030 - Eligibility for jury service; discrimination prohibited.
(1) Except as otherwise specifically provided by statute, the opportunity for jury service may not be
denied or limited on the basis of race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin,
age, income, occupation or any other factor that discriminates against a cognizable group in this state.
(2) Any person is eligible to act as a juror in a civil trial unless the person:
(a) Is not a citizen of the United States;
(b) Does not live in the county in which summoned for jury service;
(c) Is less than 18 years of age; or
(d) Has had rights and privileges withdrawn and not restored under ORS 137.281.
(3)(a) Any person is eligible to act as a grand juror, or as a juror in a criminal trial, unless the
person:
(A) Is not a citizen of the United States;
(B) Does not live in the county in which summoned for jury service;
(C) Is less than 18 years of age;
(D) Has had rights and privileges withdrawn and not restored under ORS 137.281;
(E) Has been convicted of a felony or served a felony sentence within the 15 years immediately
preceding the date the person is required to report for jury service; or
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(F) Has been convicted of a misdemeanor involving violence or dishonesty, or has served a
misdemeanor sentence based on a misdemeanor involving violence or dishonesty, within the five years
immediately preceding the date the person is required to report for jury service.
(b) As used in this subsection:
(A) “Felony sentence” includes any incarceration, post-prison supervision, parole or probation
imposed upon conviction of a felony or served as a result of conviction of a felony.
(B) “Has been convicted of a felony” has the meaning given that term in ORS 166.270.
(C) “Misdemeanor sentence” includes any incarceration or probation imposed upon conviction
of a misdemeanor or served as a result of conviction of a misdemeanor.
(4) A person who is blind, hard of hearing or speech impaired or who has a physical disability is
not ineligible to act as a juror and may not be excluded from a jury list or jury service on the basis of
blindness, hearing or speech impairment or physical disability alone.
(5) A person is ineligible to act as a juror in any circuit court of this state within 24 months after
being discharged from jury service in a federal court in this state or circuit court of this state unless that
person’s service as a juror is required because of a need for additional jurors.
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Pennsylvania
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 4502.
Qualification of Jurors
(a) General rule.--Every citizen of this Commonwealth who is of the required minimum age for voting
for State or local officials and who resides in the county shall be qualified to serve as a juror therein
unless such citizen:
(1) is unable to read, write, speak and understand the English language;
(2) is incapable, by reason of mental or physical infirmity, to render efficient jury service; or
(3) has been convicted of a crime punishable by imprisonment for more than one year and has not been
granted a pardon or amnesty therefore.
(b) Definition.--For purposes of this section, "convicted of a crime punishable by imprisonment for more
than one year" does not include a conviction for any offense under or violation of the former act of May
1, 1929 (P.L.905, No.403), known as The Vehicle Code, or the former act of April 29, 1959 (P.L.58,
No.32), known as The Vehicle Code, which offense or violation, if it had been committed after July 1,
1977:
(1) would have been substantially similar to an offense currently graded as a summary offense under 75
Pa.C.S. (relating to vehicles); or
(2) would not have been a violation of law.
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Rhode Island
A person with felony conviction is excluded from jury service until the completion of the sentence,
including probation and parole.
R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-9-1.1.
Qualification of jurors
(a) A person is qualified to serve as a juror if the person is:
(1) A citizen of the United States; and
(2) A resident of Rhode Island who either:
(i) Resides in the county where the person is registered to vote; or
(ii) Is licensed to operate a motor vehicle within this state; or
(iii) Possesses a Rhode Island identification card issued pursuant to the provisions of §§
3-8-6 and 3-8-6.1; or
(iv) Is an individual filing a state income tax return; or
(v) Is an individual recipient of unemployment compensation.
(3) At least 18 years of age;
(4) Able to understand and participate in the court proceedings; and
(5) Physically and mentally capable of performing in a reasonable manner the duties of a juror.
(b) No person shall be allowed to serve as a juror if he or she has been lawfully adjudicated to be non
compos mentis.
(c) No person convicted of a felony shall be allowed to serve as a juror, until completion of such felon’s
sentence, served or suspended, and of parole or probation regardless of a nolo contendere plea.
(d) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a)(4) and (5), a person with a disability shall not be ineligible to serve
as a juror solely on the basis of his or her disability, and if that person meets the above requirements,
with reasonable accommodations if necessary, he or she shall be deemed a qualified juror.
(e) Nothing in this section shall prevent the court from disqualifying a prospective juror because he or
she lacks a faculty or has a disability which will prevent the potential juror from being a competent juror
in a particular case.
(f) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit a party’s right to preemptorially challenge jurors.
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South Carolina
A person becomes ineligible for jury service while incarcerated and after any charge punishable by
imprisonment for more than one year.
S.C. Code Ann. § 14-7-810.
Enumeration of disqualifications in any court.
In addition to any other provision of law, no person is qualified to serve as a juror in any court in this
State if:
(1) He has been convicted in a state or federal court of record of a crime punishable by imprisonment
for more than one year and his civil rights have not been restored by pardon or amnesty.
(2) He is unable to read, write, speak, or understand the English language.
(3) He is incapable by reason of mental or physical infirmities to render efficient jury service. Legal
blindness does not disqualify an otherwise qualified juror.
(4) He has less than a sixth grade education or its equivalent.
Any person called to jury service who knows or has good reason to suspect that he is disqualified under
this section, upon questioning by the trial judge, hearing officer, or clerk of court, must state the
disqualifying facts or the reasons for his suspicions and any failure to do so is punishable as contempt of
court. The trial judge must make the final determination of the qualifications of a juror as set out in this
section and his decision must not be disturbed on appeal.
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South Dakota
A person with felony conviction is excluded from jury service until the completion of the sentence,
including probation and parole.
S.D. Codified Laws §§ 16-13-10.
Qualification of jurors.
Any citizen of this state, who is a resident of the county or jury district where the jury is selected,
eighteen years of age or older prior to January first of the year of jury service, of sound mind and who is
able to read, write, and understand the English language, is eligible to serve as a juror. Any member of
the clergy, as defined in § 19-19-505, if jury service conflicts with religious belief, is exempt from jury
duty. Any member of a church or religious organization is exempt from jury duty if jury service conflicts
with the religious belief of that church or religious organization. Any person who has been convicted of a
felony unless restored to civil rights is not eligible to serve as a juror. No potential juror may be excluded
from jury duty because of a visual or hearing impairment.
23A-27-35.
Suspension of civil rights on sentence to penitentiary--Prisoner as witness--Restoration of rights--Voting
rights.
A sentence of imprisonment in the state penitentiary for any term suspends the right of the person so
sentenced to hold public office, to become a candidate for public office, and to serve on a jury. Any such
person so sentenced forfeits all public offices and all private trusts, authority, or power during the term
of such imprisonment. Any person who is serving a term in any penitentiary shall be a competent
witness in any action now pending or hereafter commenced in the courts of this state, and the person's
deposition may be taken in the same manner prescribed by statute or rule relating to taking of
depositions. After a suspension of sentence pursuant to § 23A-27-18, upon the termination of the time
of the original sentence or the time extended by order of the court, a defendant's rights withheld by this
section are restored. However, the voting rights of any person sentenced to imprisonment in the state
penitentiary shall be governed by Title 12.
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Tennessee
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 22-1-102.
The following persons are incompetent to act as jurors:
(1) Persons convicted of a felony or any other infamous offense in a court of competent jurisdiction; or
(2) Persons convicted of perjury or subornation of perjury.
40-29-101.
Jurisdiction -- Time of application.
(a) Persons rendered infamous or deprived of the rights of citizenship by the judgment of any state or
federal court may have their full rights of citizenship restored by the circuit court.
(b) Those pardoned, if the pardon does restore full rights of citizenship, may petition for restoration
immediately after the pardon; ?provided, that a court shall not have jurisdiction to alter, delete or
render void special conditions of a pardon pertaining to the right of suffrage.
(c) Those convicted of an infamous crime may petition for restoration upon the expiration of the
maximum sentence imposed for the infamous crime.
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Texas
A person is ineligible for jury service upon conviction of any felony or of a misdemeanor theft, including
while charged with any felony or with a misdemeanor theft.
Tex. Gov't Code § 62.102.
GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR JURY SERVICE.
A person is disqualified to serve as a petit juror unless the person:
(1) is at least 18 years of age;
(2) is a citizen of the United States;
(3) is a resident of this state and of the county in which the person is to serve as a juror;
(4) is qualified under the constitution and laws to vote in the county in which the person is to serve as a
juror;
(5) is of sound mind and good moral character;
(6) is able to read and write;
(7) has not served as a petit juror for six days during the preceding three months in the county court or
during the preceding six months in the district court;
(8) has not been convicted of misdemeanor theft or a felony; and
(9) is not under indictment or other legal accusation for misdemeanor theft or a felony.
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Utah
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
Utah Code Ann. § 78B-1-105.
Jurors -- Competency to serve -- Persons not competent to serve as jurors -- Court to determine
disqualification.
(1) A person is competent to serve as a juror if the person is:
(a) a citizen of the United States;
(b) 18 years of age or older;
(c) a resident of the county; and
(d) able to read, speak, and understand the English language.
(2) A person who has been convicted of a felony which has not been expunged is not
competent to serve as a juror.
(3) The court, on its own initiative or when requested by a prospective juror, shall determine
whether the prospective juror is disqualified from jury service. The court shall base its decision
on:
(a) information provided on the juror qualification form; (b) an interview with the prospective juror; or
(c) other competent evidence.
(4) The clerk shall enter the court's determination in the records of the court.
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Vermont
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever, if a term of imprisonment is served.
Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 12, § 64.
A person who has served a term of imprisonment in this State after conviction of a felony, or who is not
a citizen of the United States or a resident of the county, shall be disqualified to act as a grand or petit
juror.
tit. 4, § 962.
(a) A person shall be qualified for jury service if the person:
(1) is a citizen of the United States who has attained the age of majority;
(2) resides within the geographical jurisdiction of the court in which called to serve;
(3) is able to read, write, understand, and speak the English language;
(4) is capable, by reason of mental or physical condition, to render satisfactory jury service; and
(5) has not served a term of imprisonment in this State after conviction of a felony.
(b) No person shall be automatically excused from jury service; however, the presiding judge may excuse
a person for all or part of the two-year period upon individual request showing undue hardship on the
prospective juror or the employer.
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Virginia
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-338.
The following persons shall be disqualified from serving as jurors:
1. Persons adjudicated incapacitated;
2. Persons convicted of treason or a felony; or
3. Any other person under a disability as defined in § 8.01-2 and not included in subdivisions 1 or 2
above.
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Washington
The right to vote and a person’s eligibility to serve on jury is automatically restored for people with a
felony conviction. For a felony conviction in a Washington state court, this is restored as long as the
person is not serving a sentence of total confinement under the jurisdiction of the department of
corrections For a felony conviction in a federal court or any other state court, this is restored as long as
the person is no longer incarcerated.
RCW 29A.08.52 Felony conviction–Restoration of voting rights
(1) For a felony conviction in a Washington state court, the right to vote is automatically restored as long
as the person is not serving a sentence of total confinement under the jurisdiction of the department of
corrections. For a felony conviction in a federal court or any state court other than a Washington state
court, the right to vote is automatically restored as long as the person is no longer incarcerated. A
person who has been convicted of a felony and is either sentenced to a term of total confinement under
the jurisdiction of the department of corrections or otherwise incarcerated as provided for in this
subsection must reregister to vote prior to voting.
(2) At least once a month, the secretary of state shall compare the list of registered voters to a list of
persons who are not eligible to vote as provided in subsection (1) of this section. If a registered voter is
not eligible to vote as provided in this section, the secretary of state or county auditor shall confirm the
match through a date of birth comparison and suspend the voter registration from the official state
voter registration list. The secretary of state or county auditor shall send to the person at his or her last
known voter registration address and at the department of corrections, if the person is serving a
sentence of total confinement under the jurisdiction of the department, a notice of the proposed
cancellation and an explanation of the requirements for restoring the right to vote and reregistering. To
the extent possible, the secretary of state shall time the comparison required by this subsection to allow
notice and cancellation of voting rights for ineligible voters prior to a primary or general election.
(3) For the purposes of this section, a sentence of total confinement does not include confinement
imposed as a sanction for a community custody violation under RCW 9.94A.633(1).
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West Virginia
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
W. Va. Code § 52-1-8.
Disqualification from jury service.
(a) The court, shall determine whether any prospective juror is disqualified for jury service on the basis
of information provided on the juror qualification form or interview with the prospective juror or other
competent evidence. The clerk shall enter this determination in the space provided on the juror
qualification form and on the alphabetical lists of names drawn from the jury wheel or jury box.
(b) A prospective juror is disqualified to serve on a jury if the prospective juror:
(1) Is not a citizen of the United States, at least 18 years old and a resident of the county;
(2) Is unable to read, speak and understand the English language. For the purposes of this section, the
requirement of speaking and understanding the English language is met by the ability to communicate in
American Sign Language or Signed English;
(3) Is incapable, by reason of substantial physical or mental disability, of rendering satisfactory jury
service. A person claiming this disqualification may be required to submit a physician’s certificate as to
the disability and the certifying physician is subject to inquiry by the court at its discretion;
(4) Has, within the preceding two years, been summoned to serve as a petit juror, grand juror or
magistrate court juror and has attended sessions of the magistrate or circuit court and been reimbursed
for his or her expenses as a juror pursuant to the provisions of §52-1-21 or §52-2-13 of this code, or
pursuant to an applicable rule or regulation of the Supreme Court of Appeals promulgated pursuant to
the provisions of §50-5-8 of this code;
(5) Has lost the right to vote because of a criminal conviction; or
(6) Has been convicted of perjury, false swearing or any crime punishable by imprisonment in excess of
one year under the applicable law of this state, another state or the United States.
(c) A prospective juror 70 years of age or older is not disqualified from serving but shall be excused from
service by the court upon his or her request.
(d) A prospective grand juror is disqualified to serve on a grand jury if he or she is an officeholder under
the laws of the United States or of this state except that the term "officeholder" does not include,
notaries public.
(e) A person who is physically disabled and can render competent service with reasonable
accommodation is not ineligible to act as juror and may not be dismissed from a jury panel on the basis
of disability alone. The circuit judge shall, upon motion by either party or upon his or her own motion,
disqualify a disabled juror if the circuit judge finds that the nature of potential evidence in the case
including, but not limited to, the type or volume of exhibits or the disabled juror’s ability to evaluate a
witness or witnesses, unduly inhibits the disabled juror’s ability to evaluate the potential evidence. For
purposes of this section:
(1) Reasonable accommodation includes, but is not limited to, certified interpreters for the deaf and
hard of hearing, spokespersons for the speech impaired, real-time court reporting and readers for the
visually impaired.
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(2) The court shall administer an oath or affirmation to any person present to facilitate communication
for a disabled juror. The substance of the oath or affirmation shall be that any person present as an
accommodation to a disabled juror will not deliberate on his or her own behalf, although present
throughout the proceedings, but act only to accurately communicate for and to the disabled juror.
(f) Nothing in this article limits a party’s right to preemptory strikes in civil or criminal actions.
W. Va. Const. art. IV, § 1.
Election and officers.
The citizens of the state shall be entitled to vote at all elections held within the counties in which they
respectively reside; but no person who is a minor, or who has been declared mentally incompetent by a
court of competent jurisdiction, or who is under conviction of treason, felony or bribery in an election,
or who has not been a resident of the state and of the county in which he offers to vote, for thirty days
next preceding such offer, shall be permitted to vote while such disability continues; but no person in
the military, naval or marine service of the United States shall be deemed a resident of this state by
reason of being stationed therein.
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Wisconsin
A person with felony conviction is excluded from jury service until the completion of the sentence,
including probation and parole.
Wis. Stat. §§756.02.
Juror qualifications.
Every resident of the area served by a circuit court who is at least 18 years of age, a U.S. citizen and able
to understand the English language is qualified to serve as a juror in that circuit unless that resident has
been convicted of a felony and has not had his or her civil rights restored.
304.078.
Restoration of civil rights of convicted persons.
(1) In this section:
(a) “Imprisonment" includes parole and extended supervision.
(b) “Jailer" has the meaning given in s. 302.372 (1) (b).
(2) Except as provided in sub. (3), every person who is convicted of a crime obtains a restoration of his
or her civil rights by serving out his or her term of imprisonment or otherwise satisfying his or her
sentence. The certificate of the department or other responsible supervising agency that a convicted
person has served his or her sentence or otherwise satisfied the judgment against him or her is evidence
of that fact and that the person is restored to his or her civil rights. The department or other agency
shall list in the person's certificate rights which have been restored and which have not been restored.
Persons who served out their terms of imprisonment or otherwise satisfied their sentences prior to
August 14, 1947, are likewise restored to their civil rights from and after September 25, 1959.
(3) If a person is disqualified from voting under s. 6.03 (1) (b), his or her right to vote is restored when
he or she completes the term of imprisonment or probation for the crime that led to the
disqualification. The department or, if the person is sentenced to a county jail or house of correction,
the jailer shall inform the person in writing at the time his or her right to vote is restored under this
subsection.
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Wyoming
All past felony convictions and current incarceration disqualify a person convicted with a felony from
service on a jury forever.
Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§ 6-10-106.
Rights lost by conviction of felony; restoration.
(a) A person convicted of a felony is incompetent to be an
elector or juror or to hold any office of honor, trust or profit
within this state, unless:
(i) His conviction is reversed or annulled;
(ii) He receives a pardon;
(iii) His rights are restored pursuant to W.S.
7-13-105(a); or
(iv) His rights as an elector are restored pursuant
to W.S. 7-13-105(b) and (c), in which case the person shall
remain incompetent to be a juror or to hold any office of honor,
trust or profit within this state.
1-11-102.
Convicted felon disqualified.
A person who has been convicted of any felony is disqualified to act as a juror unless his conviction is
reversed or annulled, he receives a pardon or his rights are restored pursuant to W.S. 7-13-105(a).
