Reproductive Health Policies 2017
Data Booklet
United Nations
E c o n o m i c &
S o c i a l A f f a i r s
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
Reproductive health is critical to achieving
the Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. This data booklet highlights
current policies on reproductive health and
family planning, drawing on data published in
World Population Policies Database: The 2015
Revision. All information is available at
www.unpopulation.org.
The Population Division of the Department of
Economic and Social Affairs provides the
international community with timely and
accessible population data and analysis of
population trends and development
outcomes for all countries and areas of the
world. The Population Division has been
systematically monitoring population
policies, including those related to
reproductive health, since 1974.
Suggested citation: United Nations,
Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division (2017). Reproductive
Health Policies 2017: Data Booklet (ST/ESA/
SER.A/396).
Cover photo: Copyright © UN Photo/Martine Perret
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
1
What is reproductive health?
The 1994 Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population Development (ICPD) defines
reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes.
Reproductive health care includes having access to a range of good-quality information and services:
Family-planning counselling, information, education, communication and services, including access to
safe and effective contraceptive methods;
Education and services for prenatal care, safe delivery and post-natal care, especially breast-feeding and
infant and women's health care;
Prevention and appropriate treatment of infertility;
Prevention of unsafe abortion
1
and management of the consequences of abortion;
Prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases and other
reproductive health conditions;
Prevention of harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation; and
Information, education and counselling, as appropriate, on human sexuality, reproductive health and
responsible parenthood.
Copyright ©Photo/Eskinder Debebe
1
According to paragraph 8.25 of the ICPD Programme of Action, in no case should abortion be promoted as a method of family planning. Any measures or changes related to abortion within the health system can
only be determined at the national or local level according to the national legislative process. In circumstances where abortion is not against the law, such abortion should be safe.
Reproductive health is central to the 2030 Agenda
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development contains a number of targets related to reproductive health.
Specifically, target 3.7 calls for ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including
family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and
programmes by 2030. Likewise, target 5.6 calls for ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health and
reproductive rights. Other targets in the 2030 Agenda related to reproductive health include reducing the global
maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births (target 3.1); ending preventable deaths of newborns
and children under 5 years of age (target 3.2); and eliminating all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced
marriage and female genital mutilation (target 5.3).
Meeting the targets related to reproductive health can contribute positively to the achievement of other goals and
targets of the 2030 Agenda, including those related to poverty, health, education and gender equality.
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
2
Distribution of countries by percentage of births attended by trained health personnel
and by region, latest year available
Data sources: UNICEF (2017).
Notes: Based on 185 countries with available data.
According to the World Health Organization (2016),
approximately 830 women die every day from preventable
causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Although
maternal deaths have been declining over the past decades,
they remain a concern, particularly in the less developed
regions. The maternal mortality ratio—defined as the
number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births—is
highest in sub-Saharan Africa (546 per 100,000 live births),
followed by Oceania (187 per 100,000 live births). By
comparison, the maternal mortality ratio in the more
developed regions is 12 per 100,000 live births. The SDG
target 3.1 has called upon Governments to reduce global
maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live
births by 2030.
Providing antenatal care and ensuring that births are
attended by trained health personnel contribute to
reducing maternal deaths. However, in sub-Saharan Africa
only 51 per cent of births were attended by a skilled birth
attendant in 2016, compared to 99 per cent of births in
Europe and in Northern America. Globally, 79 per cent of
births were assisted by trained health personnel (UNICEF
2017).
Likewise, improved care around the time of birth reduces
the incidence of neonatal deaths. Some 40 per cent of
deaths that occur within the first 28 days of birth could be
avoided with interventions such as skilled birth attendance,
emergency obstetric care, and newborn resuscitation
(UNICEF 2015). In 2016, the global neonatal mortality rate
was 19 deaths per 1,000 live births. Neonatal mortality was
highest in Central and Southern Asia and in sub-Saharan
Africa (28 deaths per 1,000 live births in both regions).
Maternal mortality ratio, 2015
Data source WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNPD (2015).
Notes: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the United Nations. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir
agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties.
Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute
exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning
sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). Based on 182 countries or areas with available data.
Reproductive health care is important for preventing maternal and newborn deaths
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
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Most Governments have adopted measures to reduce maternal and newborn deaths
Three out of four Governments (76 per cent) have adopted one or more policy measures in the past five years to reduce the number of
newborn or maternal deaths. Africa is the region with the highest share of Governments with at least one measure to address newborn or
maternal mortality (100 per cent), followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (90 per cent) and Asia (75 per cent).
Globally, more than 70 per cent of Governments have expanded the coverage of essential post-partum and newborn care (72 per cent),
comprehensive prenatal care (71 per cent), obstetric care (71 per cent) or access to effective contraception (71 per cent). In addition, 62 per
cent of Governments around the world have adopted a policy to expand recruitment and training of skilled birth attendants, while 39 per cent
have expanded access to safe abortion care, including post-abortion care.
Percentage of Governments having adopted policy measures in the past five years to address newborn or maternal mortality by region, 2015
71
96
73
33
87
50
71
96
71
36
87
50
72
98
73
38
87
44
71
98
73
26
84
50
63
39
59
33
26
45
19
62
89
69
31
55
44
76
100
75
41
90
50
63
0
25
50
75
100
World Africa Asia Europe Latin America and
the Caribbean
Northern
America
Oceania
Percentage
Expanded coverage of
comprehensive prenatal care
Expanded coverage of obstetric
care
Expanded coverage of essential
post-partum and newborn care
Expanded access to effective
contraception
Expanded access to safe abortion
care, including post-abortion care
Expanded recruitment and training
of skilled birth attendants
Any of these measures
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016).
Note: Based on 190 countries with available data.
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
4
Globally, 84 per cent of Governments provide direct
support for family planning, meaning that family planning
services are provided through government-run facilities or
outlets. Among the remaining Governments with available
data, 9 per cent provide only indirect support for family
planning, meaning that the Government does not provide
family planning services through government outlets, but
instead supports the private sector, including non-
governmental organizations, in providing those services.
Only 6 per cent of Governments provide no support for
family planning, meaning that the Government allows the
private sector to provide family planning services without
giving it any material support. In addition, the Holy See
does not allow family planning programmes or services
within its jurisdiction.
Percentage of women aged 15 to 49, among those who are married or in a
union, who are using any method of contraception, latest year available
Countries by type of Government support for family planning, 2015
The United Nations Population Division (2017a) estimates that
globally in 2017, 63 per cent of women of reproductive age (15-49)
who are married or in-union were using some form of
contraception. Contraceptive use varies greatly by region, ranging
from a low of 36 per cent in Africa to a high of nearly 75 per cent
in Latin America and the Caribbean. Fifty-eight per cent of married
or in-union women of reproductive age use a modern method of
family planning, constituting 92 per cent of contraceptive users.
Access to safe, voluntary family planning can help couples and
individuals realize their basic right to decide freely and responsibly
if, when and how many children to have.
Most Governments provide direct support for family planning
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016).
Notes: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the United Nations. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed
upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Final
boundary between the Republic of Sudan the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute exists
between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning
sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). Based on 197 countries with available data.
Family planning services are an important component of reproductive health care
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017b).
Notes: Based on 194 countries or areas with available data for contraceptive prevalence.
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
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Among 186 countries with information available, 19 per cent of Governments apply one or more restrictions on access to contraceptive
services. Various kinds of restrictions exist, including requirements regarding the age and marital status of the person seeking access to
contraceptive services, and requirements for parental consent, as well as restrictions on access to emergency contraceptive pills or sterilization.
Latin America and the Caribbean is the region with the highest percentage of Governments (31 per cent) restricting access to contraceptive
services on the basis of at least one of these grounds, followed by Asia (25 per cent) and Europe (19 per cent).
In terms of the specific measures, requiring parental consent for minors is the most common restriction (9 per cent), while restrictions related
to the sterilization of women (3 per cent) or men (4 per cent) are the least prevalent. Latin America and the Caribbean (19 per cent) and Europe
(14 per cent) have the highest percentage of Governments requiring parental consent for minors to access contraceptive services, while Asia
had the highest proportion of Governments restricting the sterilization of women (7 per cent) or men (14 per cent).
Fewer than one in five Governments have a policy restricting access to contraceptive
services
Percentage of Governments with a policy restricting access to contraceptive services by type of policy measure and region, 2015
5
4
5
5
9
5
4
14
2
6
9
4
5
14
19
5
7
7
6
0
6
3
7
5
4
14
5
19
8
25
19
31
13
0
10
20
30
40
World Africa Asia Europe Latin America and
the Caribbean
Northern
America
Oceania
Percentage
Minimum age
Marital status
Parental consent (for minors)
Emergency contraceptive pills
Sterilization of women
Sterilization of men
Any of these measures
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016).
Notes: Based on 186 countries with available data. Excludes cases where restrictions by minimum age, marital status or parental consent (for minors) could not be ascertained from available information.
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
6
Percentage of Governments providing direct support for family planning or having adopted
policy measures to expand access to effective contraception, by level of unmet need, 2015
77
86
93
77
91
96
0
25
50
75
100
Less than 10 per cent 10 to 20 per cent 20 per cent or over
Percentage
Expanded access
to effective
contraception in
the past five years
Direct support for
family planning
Percentage of women aged 15 to 49, among those who are married or in a union,
Although access to family planning has increased in recent
decades, the United Nations Population Division (2017a)
estimates that, globally, 12 per cent of women of
reproductive age (15-49) who are married or in a union
have an unmet need for family planning, meaning they
want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using any
method of contraception. When users of traditional
methods are considered as having an unmet need for family
planning, 17 per cent of married or in-union women
worldwide are estimated to have an unmet need for
modern methods in 2017. Many of the countries with high
levels of unmet need for family planning are in sub-Saharan
Africa.
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017b).
Notes: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in
Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan the Republic of South
Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands
(Malvinas). Based on 142 countries or areas with available data for unmet need for family planning.
Most countries support expanded access to contraception, especially those with high
levels of unmet need
Gaps persist in women’s access to family planning
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016, 2017b).
Notes: Based on 141 countries with available data. Data for unmet need for family planning refer to the latest year available.
Unmet need for family planning
While the majority of Governments worldwide
provide direct support for family planning services,
among countries with high levels of unmet need
for family planning the share is even higher.
Ninety-three per cent of Governments in countries
where unmet need for family planning is 20 per
cent or over have implemented policy measures in
the previous five years to expand access to
effective contraception, compared to 77 per cent
of Governments in countries where unmet need
for family planning is less than 10 per cent.
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
7
While childbearing in adolescence has steadily
declined in almost all regions, the number of births
per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19, namely, the
adolescent birth rate, remains high in many
countries of Africa and Latin America and the
Caribbean.
Women who are very young when they have their
first child are more likely to suffer complications
during pregnancy and childbirth. They are also at
much greater risk of maternal death. Further, the
children of young mothers have higher levels of
morbidity and mortality. Reducing adolescent
childbearing through universal access to sexual and
reproductive health-care services can have
important social consequences both for adolescent
girls and for the children they bear.
Adolescent birth rate by share of women married before age 18 and by region, latest year available
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Adolescent birth rate
(births per 1,000 women aged 15-19)
Percentage married by age 18
Africa
Asia
Europe
Latin America and the Caribbean
Oceania
Adolescent birth rate, latest year available
Childbearing among adolescents is often highest
in the countries or areas where marriage occurs
at very young ages. In 25 out of 28 countries or
areas where the number of births per 1,000
women aged 15 to 19 is 100 or higher, at least
one quarter of girls are married before the age
of 18.
Raising or enforcing the minimum age at
marriage can help to reduce the incidence of
adolescent births. Child marriage is most
common in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan
Africa.
Early marriage remains an important factor underlying adolescent childbearing
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017c) and UNICEF (2016c).
Notes: Based on 123 countries with available data.
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017c).
Notes: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the
United Nations. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The
final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan the
Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). Based on 195 countries or areas with
available data.
Levels of childbearing among adolescents remain high in many parts of the world
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
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Globally, 91 per cent of Governments have adopted a policy or programme aimed at improving the reproductive and sexual health of
adolescents. Among the policy measures considered are raising or enforcing the minimum age at marriage, expanding girls’ secondary school
enrolment or retention, and providing school-based sexuality education. At the regional level, the share of Governments with at least one of
these three measures to improve the reproductive and sexual health of adolescents ranges from a high of 100 per cent in Northern America to
a low of 84 per cent in Latin America and the Caribbean.
In terms of the specific measures considered, providing school-based sexuality education was the most prevalent type of intervention,
employed by 76 per cent of Governments globally. Expanding girls’ secondary school enrolment or retention and raising or enforcing minimum
Most countries have adopted policy measures to improve the reproductive and
sexual health of adolescents
Percentage of Governments with a policy to improve reproductive and sexual health of adolescents by type of policy measure and region, 2015
52
78
56
49
22
0
25
57
94
56
31
47
0
19
76
74
65
82
81
100
88
91
98
88
92
84
100
88
0
25
50
75
100
World Africa Asia Europe Latin America and
the Caribbean
Northern America Oceania
Percentage
To raise or enforce minimum
To expand girls' secondary
school enrolment or retention
To provide school-based
sexuality education
Any of these measures
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016).
Notes: Based on 191 countries with available data.
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
9
Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016).
Notes: Based on 114 countries with available data. A blank cell indicates that data are not available.
Accurate information on the number of induced
abortions performed under unsafe conditions is
difficult to obtain, particularly in countries where
abortion policies are restrictive. Worldwide, it is
estimated that about 1 in 10 pregnancies is terminated
through an unsafe abortion (WHO 2011). According to
recent studies, between 8 per cent and 18 per cent of
all maternal deaths each year result from
complications associated with unsafe abortion
(Guttmacher Institute 2016). Africa and Oceania are
the regions with the highest number of maternal
deaths due to unsafe abortion per 100,000 live births.
Many of these deaths could be prevented through
better access to sexuality education, contraceptive
information and supplies, and safe abortion services
and post-abortion care, where allowed by law.
In many countries unsafe abortions remain a major concern
Maternal deaths due to unsafe abortion per 100,000 live births by region, 2008
NA
1
10
20
30
80
30
Of the 114 countries with available information, 73 per cent of
countries consider unsafe abortion to be a major concern, 6 per cent
consider it to be a minor concern and 21 per cent express no concern
about unsafe abortion. At the regional level, Africa (91 per cent) has the
highest share of Governments identifying unsafe abortion as a major
concern, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (82 per cent).
Europe is the region with the highest proportion of Governments not
concerned about unsafe abortion (64 per cent), followed by Oceania
(40 per cent).
Of the 90 Governments that expressed either major or minor concern
about the number of unsafe abortions in their country, 71 per cent
have adopted specific policy measures in the previous five years to
expand access to safe abortion care, including post-abortion care.
World
Africa
Oceania
Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Europe
Northern America
Data source: World Health Organization (2011).
Notes: NA indicates that the incidence of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortion is negligible. Estimates refer to all
countries in each region regardless of availability of data.
Percentage of Governments by level of concern about
unsafe abortions by region, 2015
Level of concern about unsafe abortions
Major concern
Minor concern
Not a concern or
no official
position
World
73
6
21
Africa
91
5
5
Asia
71
5
24
Europe
32
5
64
Latin America and the Caribbean
82
14
5
Northern America
Oceania
60
0
40
Unsafe abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal death
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
10
SELECTED REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH POLICY AND PROGRAMME MEASURES
Variable name
Definition
Measures to address newborn and maternal mortality
1
Indicates whether the Government has adopted specific policy measures in the past five years to reduce the
number of newborn and maternal deaths in the country. Response categories for this variable are: 1.
Expanded coverage of comprehensive prenatal care; 2. Expanded coverage of obstetric care; 3. Expanded
coverage of essential post-partum and newborn care; 4. Expanded access to effective contraception; 5.
Expanded access to safe abortion care, including post-abortion care; 6. Expanded recruitment and/or
training of skilled birth attendants; None of these.
Government support for family planning support
2,3
Indicates whether the Government provides direct or indirect support for the provision of family planning.
Response categories for this variable are: Direct support; Indirect support; No support; Not permitted.
Policy on restricting access to contraceptive services
1
Indicates whether the Government has a policy of restricting access to contraceptive services based on
certain criteria. Response categories for this variable are: 1. Minimum age; 2. Marital status; 3. Parental
consent (for minors); 4. Emergency contraceptive pills; 5. Sterilization of women; 6. Sterilization of men;
None of these.
Measures on reproductive and sexual health of adolescents
1
Indicates whether the Government has adopted specific policy measures related to improving sexual and
reproductive health of adolescents. Response categories for this variable are: 1. Raised and/or enforced
minimum age at marriage; 2. Expanded girls’ secondary school enrolment/retention; 3. Provided school-
based sexuality education; None of these.
Level of concern about unsafe abortions
2
Indicates the extent to which the Government is concerned about the number of unsafe abortions in the
country. Response categories for this variable are: Major concern; Minor concern; Not a concern; No official
position.
1
Response categories are not mutually exclusive.
2
Response categories are mutually exclusive.
3
Direct support implies that family planning services are provided through government-run facilities or outlets. Indirect support implies that the Government does not provide family
planning services through government outlets, but instead supports the private sector, including non-governmental organizations, in providing those services. No support means that
the Government allows the private sector to provide family planning services without giving it any material support. Not permitted means that the Government does not allow family
planning programmes or services within its jurisdiction.
Glossary and definitions
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
11
SELECTED REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INDICATORS
Variable name
Definition
Maternal mortality ratio
Number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time period.
According to the World Health Organization, a maternal death is the death of a woman while pregnant or
within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any
cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental
causes. In circumstances in which cause of death attribution is inadequate, a maternal death is defined as
the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the
cause of death.
Percentage of births attended by trained health professional
Percentage of deliveries attended by trained health personnel. Traditional birth attendants, even if they had
received a short training course, are not included.
Percentage of women receiving antenatal care
Percentage of women aged 15 to 49 with a live birth in a given time period that received at least four
antenatal care visits provided by skilled health personnel (doctor, nurse or midwife).
Contraceptive use
Percentage of women aged 15 to 49 years, among those who are married or in a union, who are using a
contraceptive method. Three different measures are provided: (1) percentage of women using any method
of contraception, whether modern or traditional; (2) percentage of women using a modern method of
contraception, that is, sterilization, the pill, the IUD, injectable, implant, condom or a vaginal barrier
method; and (3) percentage of women using a traditional method of contraception, that is rhythm,
withdrawal and other traditional methods not reported separately. A union involves a man and a woman
regularly cohabiting in a marriage-like relationship.
Unmet need for family planning
Percentage of women aged 15 to 49 years, among those who are married or in a union, who have an unmet
need for family planning. Women with an unmet need for family planning are those who are fecund and
sexually active but are not using any method of contraception, even though they report not wanting any
more children or wanting to delay the next pregnancy. A union involves a man and a woman regularly
cohabiting in a marriage-like relationship.
Adolescent birth rate
Annual number of live births to women aged 15 to 19 years, divided by the number of women aged 15 to 19
years. It is expressed as births per 1,000 women.
Percentage of women aged 20–24 married by age 15 or age 18
Percentage of women aged 20 to 24 years who were first married or entered a union before age 15 or
before age 18. A union involves a man and a woman regularly cohabiting in a marriage-like relationship.
Induced abortion rate
Number of legally induced abortions per 1,000 women aged 15 to 44 years. Induced abortions are those
initiated by deliberate action taken with the intention of terminating pregnancy; all other abortions are
considered spontaneous.
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
12
For polices, programmes and measures on reproductive health:
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016). World Population Policies Database: 2015 Revision. See:
https://esa.un.org/poppolicy/about_database.aspx.
For maternal mortality:
World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Population Fund, World Bank Group and United Nations Population Division
(2015). Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015. Estimates. See: http://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Trends-in-MMR-1990-2015_Full-
report_243.pdf.
World Health Organization (2016). Maternal Mortality Fact Sheet. See: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/
For percentage of women receiving antenatal care and percentage of births attended by trained health professional:
United Nations Children's Fund (2015). Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed – 2015, UNICEF, New York.
United Nations Children's Fund (2016a). UNICEF global databases, Antenatal care coverage: at least four visits - Percentage. See https://data.unicef.org.
United Nations Children's Fund (2016b). The State of the World’s Children 2016, UNICEF, New York.
United Nations Children's Fund (2017). UNICEF global databases, Delivery care: Skilled attendance at birth - Percentage. See https://data.unicef.org.
For contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning:
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017a). Model-based Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators
2017. New York: United Nations. See: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/family-planning/index.shtml.
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017b). World Contraceptive Use 2017 (POP/DB/CP/Rev2017). New York: United
Nations. See: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/family-planning/index.shtml.
For adolescent birth rate:
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017c). 2017 Update for the MDG Database: Adolescent Birth Rate
(POP/DB/Fert/A/MDG2017). See: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/fertility/index.shtml.
For percentage women married by age 15 or age 18:
United Nations Children's Fund (2016c). UNICEF global databases, Child marriage. See https://data.unicef.org.
For induced abortions:
World Health Organization (2011). Unsafe abortion: Global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2008. Sixth
edition. See http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44529/1/9789241501118_eng.pdf.
Guttmacher Institute (2016). Fact Sheet. Induced Abortion Worldwide: Global Incidence and Trends. See https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/induced-
abortion-worldwide.
Data sources
Annex tables
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
14
Measures to address newborn and maternal mortality
Government support
for family planning
support
Expanded coverage
of comprehensive
prenatal care
Expanded coverage
of obstetric care
Expanded access to
effective
contraception
AFRICA
Eastern Africa
Burundi
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Comoros
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Djibouti
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Eritrea
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Ethiopia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Kenya
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Madagascar
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Malawi
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Mauritius
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Mozambique
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Rwanda
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Seychelles
●
○
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Somalia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
South Sudan
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Uganda
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
United Republic of Tanzania
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Zambia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Zimbabwe
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Middle Africa
Angola
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Cameroon
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Central African Republic
○
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Chad
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Congo
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Democratic Republic of the Congo
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Equatorial Guinea
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Gabon
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
São Tomé and Príncipe
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Northern Africa
Selected policies, strategies and programme measures on reproductive health
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
15
Policy on restricting access to contraceptive services
Measures on reproductive and sexual health of
adolescents
Minimum
age
Marital
status
Parental
consent
(for minors)
Emergency
contraceptive
pills
Sterilization
of
women
Sterilization
of
men
Expanded girls’
secondary school
enrolment or
retention
Provided school-
based sexuality
education
Level of concern
about unsafe
abortions
AFRICA
Eastern Africa
Burundi
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
Major concern
Comoros
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Djibouti
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Eritrea
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Ethiopia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Kenya
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Madagascar
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Malawi
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Mauritius
●
○
●
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Mozambique
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Rwanda
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Seychelles
●
○
●
○
○
○
○
○
●
Somalia
●
●
○
South Sudan
●
●
●
Major concern
Uganda
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
United Republic of Tanzania
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Zambia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Zimbabwe
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Middle Africa
Angola
●
●
●
Major concern
Cameroon
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Central African Republic
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Chad
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Congo
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Democratic Republic of the Congo
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Equatorial Guinea
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Minor concern
Gabon
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
São Tomé and Príncipe
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Northern Africa
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
16
Measures to address newborn and maternal mortality
Government support
for family planning
support
Expanded coverage
of comprehensive
prenatal care
Expanded coverage
of obstetric care
Expanded access to
effective
contraception
Algeria
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Egypt
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Libya
○
○
○
○
○
●
No support
Morocco
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Sudan
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Tunisia
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Southern Africa
Botswana
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Lesotho
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Namibia
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
South Africa
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Swaziland
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Western Africa
Benin
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Burkina Faso
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Cabo Verde
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Côte d'Ivoire
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Gambia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Ghana
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Guinea
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Guinea-Bissau
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Liberia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Mali
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Mauritania
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Niger
●
●
●
●
●
○
Direct support
Nigeria
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Senegal
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Sierra Leone
●
●
●
●
●
○
Direct support
Togo
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
ASIA
Eastern Asia
China
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Japan
○
○
○
○
○
○
Indirect support
Mongolia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Republic of Korea
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
South-Central Asia
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
17
Policy on restricting access to contraceptive services
Measures on reproductive and sexual health of
adolescents
Minimum
age
Marital
status
Parental
consent
(for minors)
Emergency
contraceptive
pills
Sterilization
of
women
Sterilization
of
men
Expanded girls’
secondary school
enrolment or
retention
Provided school-
based sexuality
education
Level of concern
about unsafe
abortions
Algeria
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Not a concern
Egypt
○
●
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Minor concern
Libya
○
○
○
Morocco
○
●
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
No official position
Sudan
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
Tunisia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
○
Southern Africa
Botswana
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Lesotho
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Namibia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
South Africa
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Swaziland
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Western Africa
Benin
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Burkina Faso
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Cabo Verde
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Côte d'Ivoire
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Major concern
Gambia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Major concern
Ghana
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Major concern
Guinea
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
Major concern
Guinea-Bissau
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Liberia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Major concern
Mali
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Mauritania
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Major concern
Niger
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Nigeria
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Senegal
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Sierra Leone
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Togo
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
ASIA
Eastern Asia
China
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
○
○
○
●
○
○
○
○
○
Japan
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Mongolia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Major concern
Republic of Korea
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
South-Central Asia
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
18
Measures to address newborn and maternal mortality
Government support
for family planning
support
Expanded coverage
of comprehensive
prenatal care
Expanded coverage
of obstetric care
Expanded access to
effective
contraception
Afghanistan
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Bangladesh
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Bhutan
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
India
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
○
○
○
○
○
○
No support
Kazakhstan
●
●
●
●
○
●
Indirect support
Kyrgyzstan
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Maldives
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Nepal
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Pakistan
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Sri Lanka
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Tajikistan
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Turkmenistan
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Uzbekistan
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
South-Eastern Asia
Brunei Darussalam
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Cambodia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Indonesia
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Lao People's Democratic Republic
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Malaysia
○
○
○
●
●
●
Direct support
Myanmar
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Philippines
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Singapore
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Thailand
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Timor-Leste
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Viet Nam
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Western Asia
Armenia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Indirect support
Azerbaijan
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Bahrain
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Cyprus
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Georgia
●
●
●
●
●
○
Indirect support
Iraq
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Israel
○
○
○
○
○
○
Indirect support
Jordan
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Kuwait
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Lebanon
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
19
Policy on restricting access to contraceptive services
Measures on reproductive and sexual health of
adolescents
Minimum
age
Marital
status
Parental
consent
(for minors)
Emergency
contraceptive
pills
Sterilization
of
women
Sterilization
of
men
Expanded girls’
secondary school
enrolment or
retention
Provided school-
based sexuality
education
Level of concern
about unsafe
abortions
Afghanistan
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Bangladesh
●
●
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Bhutan
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
India
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
○
○
Kazakhstan
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Major concern
Kyrgyzstan
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Major concern
Maldives
○
●
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Nepal
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Pakistan
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Sri Lanka
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Tajikistan
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Turkmenistan
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Uzbekistan
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
○
South-Eastern Asia
Brunei Darussalam
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Cambodia
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Indonesia
○
●
○
○
●
●
●
●
●
Major concern
Lao People's Democratic Republic
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Malaysia
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Major concern
Myanmar
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
○
●
Philippines
●
○
●
●
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Singapore
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Not a concern
Thailand
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Timor-Leste
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Viet Nam
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Western Asia
Armenia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Major concern
Azerbaijan
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Not a concern
Bahrain
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Cyprus
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Georgia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Major concern
Iraq
○
●
○
○
○
●
●
●
○
No official position
Israel
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Jordan
○
●
●
●
○
●
●
●
○
No official position
Kuwait
○
○
○
Lebanon
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Minor concern
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
20
Measures to address newborn and maternal mortality
Government support
for family planning
support
Expanded coverage
of comprehensive
prenatal care
Expanded coverage
of obstetric care
Expanded access to
effective
contraception
Oman
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Qatar
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Saudi Arabia
●
○
●
○
○
○
No support
State of Palestine
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Syrian Arab Republic
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Turkey
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
United Arab Emirates
○
○
○
○
○
○
No support
Yemen
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Belarus
●
●
●
●
●
●
Indirect support
Bulgaria
●
●
●
●
●
○
Indirect support
Czechia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Indirect support
Hungary
○
○
○
○
○
○
Indirect support
Poland
●
●
●
○
○
●
No support
Republic of Moldova
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Romania
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Russian Federation
●
●
●
●
●
●
Indirect support
Slovakia
●
●
●
○
●
●
No support
Ukraine
○
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Northern Europe
Denmark
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Estonia
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Finland
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Iceland
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Ireland
Direct support
Latvia
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Lithuania
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Norway
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Sweden
○
○
○
○
○
●
Direct support
United Kingdom
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Southern Europe
Albania
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Andorra
○
○
○
○
○
○
No support
Bosnia and Herzegovina
○
○
○
○
○
○
Indirect support
Croatia
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Greece
●
●
●
○
○
○
Direct support
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
21
Policy on restricting access to contraceptive services
Measures on reproductive and sexual health of
adolescents
Minimum
age
Marital
status
Parental
consent
(for minors)
Emergency
contraceptive
pills
Sterilization
of
women
Sterilization
of
men
Expanded girls’
secondary school
enrolment or
retention
Provided school-
based sexuality
education
Level of concern
about unsafe
abortions
Oman
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
●
Not a concern
Qatar
●
○
○
Saudi Arabia
○
●
○
State of Palestine
○
●
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Syrian Arab Republic
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Turkey
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
Major concern
United Arab Emirates
○
○
○
Yemen
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Belarus
○
○
●
○
○
○
●
○
●
Minor concern
Bulgaria
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Czechia
○
○
●
○
○
○
●
●
●
Not a concern
Hungary
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Poland
○
○
○
○
●
●
○
○
●
Not a concern
Republic of Moldova
○
○
●
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Romania
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Russian Federation
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
○
Major concern
Slovakia
○
○
●
○
○
○
●
●
○
Not a concern
Ukraine
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Northern Europe
Denmark
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Not a concern
Estonia
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Not a concern
Finland
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Not a concern
Iceland
○
○
○
○
○
○
Ireland
●
○
●
●
○
○
○
○
●
Not a concern
Latvia
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Major concern
Lithuania
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Norway
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Not a concern
Sweden
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Not a concern
United Kingdom
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Southern Europe
Albania
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Andorra
○
○
○
○
○
○
Bosnia and Herzegovina
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Croatia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
○
Greece
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Major concern
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
22
Measures to address newborn and maternal mortality
Government support
for family planning
support
Expanded coverage
of comprehensive
prenatal care
Expanded coverage
of obstetric care
Expanded access to
effective
contraception
Holy See
Not permitted
Italy
○
○
○
○
○
○
Indirect support
Malta
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Montenegro
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Portugal
○
○
●
○
○
○
Direct support
San Marino
No support
Serbia
Direct support
Slovenia
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Spain
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
The former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia
●
●
●
●
●
○
Direct support
Western Europe
Austria
●
●
●
○
○
●
Indirect support
Belgium
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
France
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Germany
○
○
○
○
○
○
No support
Liechtenstein
No support
Luxembourg
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Monaco
○
○
○
○
○
○
No support
Netherlands
○
○
○
○
○
○
Indirect support
Switzerland
○
○
○
○
○
○
No support
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
Direct support
Bahamas
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Barbados
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Cuba
●
●
●
●
●
○
Direct support
Dominica
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Dominican Republic
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Grenada
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Haiti
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Jamaica
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Saint Kitts and Nevis
○
○
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Saint Lucia
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Trinidad and Tobago
●
●
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Central America
Belize
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
23
Policy on restricting access to contraceptive services
Measures on reproductive and sexual health of
adolescents
Minimum
age
Marital
status
Parental
consent
(for minors)
Emergency
contraceptive
pills
Sterilization
of
women
Sterilization
of
men
Expanded girls’
secondary school
enrolment or
retention
Provided school-
based sexuality
education
Level of concern
about unsafe
abortions
Holy See
●
●
●
●
●
●
Italy
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Malta
○
○
○
●
○
○
○
○
●
Montenegro
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Portugal
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
San Marino
Serbia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
○
Slovenia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Not a concern
Spain
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
The former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Western Europe
Austria
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Not a concern
Belgium
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
No official position
France
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Germany
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Liechtenstein
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Luxembourg
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Monaco
Netherlands
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Not a concern
Switzerland
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
No official position
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
○
○
●
○
○
○
○
○
●
Barbados
○
○
●
○
○
○
○
○
●
Cuba
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Dominica
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Dominican Republic
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Major concern
Grenada
●
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Haiti
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Jamaica
●
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Major concern
Saint Kitts and Nevis
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Saint Lucia
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Trinidad and Tobago
●
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Central America
Belize
○
○
●
○
○
○
●
○
●
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
24
Measures to address newborn and maternal mortality
Government support
for family planning
support
Expanded coverage
of comprehensive
prenatal care
Expanded coverage
of obstetric care
Expanded access to
effective
contraception
Costa Rica
●
●
●
●
○
○
Indirect support
El Salvador
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Guatemala
●
●
●
●
●
○
Direct support
Honduras
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Mexico
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Nicaragua
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Panama
●
●
●
○
○
●
Direct support
South America
Argentina
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Brazil
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Chile
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Colombia
●
●
●
●
●
○
Direct support
Ecuador
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Guyana
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Paraguay
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Peru
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Suriname
Indirect support
Uruguay
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
NORTHERN AMERICA
Canada
○
○
○
○
○
○
Indirect support
United States of America
○
○
○
●
○
○
Direct support
OCEANIA
Australia/New Zealand
Australia
○
○
○
○
○
○
Indirect support
New Zealand
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Melanesia
Fiji
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Papua New Guinea
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Solomon Islands
●
●
●
●
●
●
Direct support
Vanuatu
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Micronesia
Kiribati
●
●
●
●
○
●
Direct support
Marshall Islands
●
○
○
●
○
●
Direct support
Micronesia (Federated States of)
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Nauru
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
25
Policy on restricting access to contraceptive services
Measures on reproductive and sexual health of
adolescents
Minimum
age
Marital
status
Parental
consent
(for minors)
Emergency
contraceptive
pills
Sterilization
of
women
Sterilization
of
men
Expanded girls’
secondary school
enrolment or
retention
Provided school-
based sexuality
education
Level of concern
about unsafe
abortions
Costa Rica
○
○
●
●
○
○
●
○
●
No official position
El Salvador
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Minor concern
Guatemala
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Honduras
○
○
○
●
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Mexico
○
○
●
○
○
○
○
●
●
Minor concern
Nicaragua
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Major concern
Panama
○
○
●
○
○
○
●
●
○
Minor concern
South America
Argentina
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Brazil
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Chile
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Colombia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Ecuador
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
●
Major concern
Guyana
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Major concern
Paraguay
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Major concern
Peru
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Suriname
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Uruguay
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Major concern
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Major concern
NORTHERN AMERICA
Canada
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
United States of America
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
OCEANIA
Australia/New Zealand
Australia
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
No official position
New Zealand
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Not a concern
Melanesia
Fiji
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Major concern
Papua New Guinea
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Solomon Islands
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Major concern
Vanuatu
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
●
Micronesia
Kiribati
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
○
●
Marshall Islands
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Micronesia (Federated States of)
○
○
○
●
○
○
○
○
●
Nauru
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
26
Measures to address newborn and maternal mortality
Government support
for family planning
support
Expanded coverage
of comprehensive
prenatal care
Expanded coverage
of obstetric care
Expanded access to
effective
contraception
Palau
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Polynesia
Cook Islands
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Niue
○
○
○
○
○
○
Direct support
Samoa
●
●
●
●
○
○
Direct support
Tonga
○
○
○
●
○
○
Direct support
Tuvalu
○
●
○
●
○
●
Direct support
Notes:
A black dot ● indicates that policies or strategies were adopted or concrete measures were taken.
A hollow dot ○ indicates that no policies were adopted nor measures were taken.
A blank cell indicates that data are not available.
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
27
Policy on restricting access to contraceptive services
Measures on reproductive and sexual health of
adolescents
Minimum
age
Marital
status
Parental
consent
(for minors)
Emergency
contraceptive
pills
Sterilization
of
women
Sterilization
of
men
Expanded girls’
secondary school
enrolment or
retention
Provided school-
based sexuality
education
Level of concern
about unsafe
abortions
Palau
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Polynesia
Cook Islands
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Niue
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Samoa
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Tonga
○
●
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Tuvalu
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
●
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
28
Selected indicators on reproductive health
Maternal
mortality
ratio,
2015
Percentage of
women
receiving
antenatal
care,
Contraceptive use,
Unmet need for
family planning,
Adolescent
birth rate,
Induced
abortion
rate,
latest year
available
latest year
available
latest year
available
Any
method
Any
modern
Any
traditional
latest year
available
latest year
available
By age
15
By age
18
AFRICA
Eastern Africa
Burundi
712
33.4
38
60.3
38
31.7
30.0
1.7
43
32.4
42
85.0
41
2.5
20.4
38
Comoros
335
48.9
43
82.2
43
19.4
14.2
5.2
43
31.6
43
70.0
41
10.0
31.6
43
Djibouti
229
22.6
43
87.4
43
19.0
18.0
1.0
43
20.6
38
1.8
5.4
30
Eritrea
501
57.4
38
34.1
38
8.4
7.0
1.3
38
27.4
38
76.0
34
12.9
40.7
38
Ethiopia
353
31.8
54
27.7
54
39.2
37.3
1.9
54
24.0
54
71.2
46
16.3
41.0
41
Kenya
510
57.6
49
61.8
49
66.3
62.6
3.7
51
15.9
51
96.0
49
4.4
22.9
49
Madagascar
353
51.1
48
44.3
48
39.9
29.2
10.7
37
19.0
37
145.0
41
12.4
41.2
48
Malawi
634
50.6
55
89.8
55
59.2
58.1
1.1
55
18.7
55
151.0
43
8.9
46.3
50
Mauritius
53
99.8
49
63.8
31.1
32.7
49
12.5
49
23.1
51
Mozambique
489
50.6
41
54.3
41
11.6
11.3
0.3
41
28.5
41
167.0
38
14.3
48.2
41
Rwanda
290
43.9
53
90.7
53
53.2
47.5
5.8
53
18.9
53
45.0
49
0.8
8.1
38
Seychelles
99.0
43
55.6
49
23.7
46
Somalia
732
6.3
30
9.4
30
14.6
14.0
0.6
30
123.0
28
8.4
45.3
30
South Sudan
789
17.3
38
19.4
38
4.0
1.7
2.3
38
26.3
38
158.0
34
8.9
51.5
38
Uganda
343
47.6
41
57.4
41
36.9
32.2
4.7
54
30.5
54
141.0
46
9.9
39.7
41
United Republic of Tanzania
398
50.7
55
48.9
38
38.4
32.0
6.4
55
22.1
55
130.0
49
6.6
36.9
38
Zambia
224
55.5
50
63.3
50
49.0
44.7
4.4
50
21.1
50
141.0
43
5.9
31.4
50
Zimbabwe
443
75.7
51
78.1
51
66.8
65.8
1.0
51
10.4
51
110.0
49
4.0
33.5
49
Middle Africa
Angola
477
47.3
33
13.7
12.5
1.1
55
38.0
55
191.0
36
Cameroon
596
58.8
49
64.7
49
34.4
21.0
13.3
49
18.0
49
119.0
49
13.4
38.4
41
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
29
Maternal
mortality
ratio,
2015
Percentage of
women
receiving
antenatal
care,
Contraceptive use,
Unmet need for
family planning,
Adolescent
birth rate,
Induced
abortion
rate,
latest year
available
latest year
available
latest year
available
Any
method
Any
modern
Any
traditional
latest year
available
latest year
available
By age
15
By age
18
Central African Republic
882
38.1
38
40.0
38
15.2
12.1
3.1
42
27.0
42
229.0
38
29.1
67.9
38
Chad
856
31.0
53
20.2
53
5.7
5.0
0.6
53
22.9
53
179.0
46
29
68.1
38
Congo
442
79.0
53
94.4
53
30.1
18.5
1.6
53
17.9
53
147.0
38
6.1
32.6
45
Democratic Republic of the Congo
693
48.0
50
80.1
50
20.4
7.5
12.9
50
27.7
50
135.2
43
10.0
37.3
50
Equatorial Guinea
342
66.9
41
68.3
41
12.6
9.5
3.1
41
33.8
41
176.0
38
8.6
29.5
41
Gabon
291
77.6
43
89.3
43
31.1
19.4
11.7
43
26.5
43
114.0
38
5.6
21.9
43
São Tomé and Príncipe
156
83.6
49
92.5
49
40.6
37.4
3.1
49
33.7
49
92.0
49
5.0
34.4
37
Northern Africa
Algeria
140
67.3
48
96.6
43
57.1
49.5
7.6
48
7.0
48
12.4
46
0.4
2.5
48
Egypt
33
82.8
49
91.5
49
58.5
56.9
1.6
49
12.6
49
56.0
43
2.0
17.4
49
Libya
9
99.9
38
41.9
20.4
21.5
32
27.0
32
6.0
36
Morocco
121
55.3
41
73.6
41
67.4
58.6
8.8
42
10.9
42
32.0
34
2.5
15.9
27
Sudan
311
50.7
49
77.7
49
12.2
11.7
0.5
49
26.6
49
87.0
46
7.2
32.9
38
Tunisia
62
85.1
45
73.6
45
62.5
50.9
11.6
45
7.0
45
5.7
41
0.0
1.6
45
5.5
36
Southern Africa
Botswana
129
73.3
32
99.9
46
52.8
51.2
2.6
35
9.6
35
39.0
41
Lesotho
487
74.4
49
77.9
49
60.2
59.8
0.4
49
18.4
49
94.0
46
2.3
18.8
36
Namibia
265
62.5
46
88.2
46
56.1
55.3
0.8
46
17.5
46
82.0
43
1.6
6.9
46
South Africa
138
87.1
34
94.3
34
59.9
59.8
0.0
27
13.8
27
71.0
51
0.8
5.6
25
6.8
49
Swaziland
389
76.1
49
88.3
49
66.1
65.5
0.6
49
15.2
49
87.0
46
0.7
6.5
38
Western Africa
Benin
405
58.8
49
77.2
49
17.9
12.5
4.8
49
33.1
49
94.0
49
10.5
31.9
45
Burkina Faso
371
33.7
38
65.9
38
25.5
24.2
1.3
54
29.3
54
122.0
49
10.2
51.6
38
Cabo Verde
42
72.3
28
92.3
46
61.3
57.1
4.2
28
16.7
28
80.0
38
2.8
18.0
28
Côte d'Ivoire
645
44.2
45
59.4
45
18.2
12.5
5.7
45
22.2
45
127.2
38
9.8
33.2
45
Gambia
706
77.6
46
57.2
46
9.0
8.1
0.9
46
24.9
46
88.0
41
9.3
30.4
46
Ghana
319
87.3
49
70.8
49
30.6
25.6
5.0
54
32.3
54
65.0
46
4.9
20.7
49
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
30
Maternal
mortality
ratio,
2015
Percentage of
women
receiving
antenatal
care,
Contraceptive use,
Unmet need for
family planning,
Adolescent
birth rate,
Induced
abortion
rate,
latest year
available
latest year
available
latest year
available
Any
method
Any
modern
Any
traditional
latest year
available
latest year
available
By age
15
By age
18
Guinea
679
56.6
43
45.3
43
5.6
4.6
1.0
43
23.7
43
146.0
41
21.3
51.7
43
Guinea-Bissau
549
64.9
49
45.0
49
16.0
14.4
1.6
49
22.3
49
136.7
36
6.5
22.0
38
Liberia
725
78.1
46
61.1
46
20.2
19.1
1.1
46
31.1
46
149.0
41
8.8
35.9
46
Mali
587
38.0
51
49.0
30
15.6
15.1
0.4
51
15.8
51
174.0
49
14.5
55.0
38
Mauritania
602
63.0
51
65.1
41
17.8
15.6
2.2
51
33.6
51
71.0
41
14.2
34.3
41
Niger
553
38.0
51
39.7
51
16.9
14.4
2.4
54
23.9
54
206.0
38
28.0
76.3
43
Nigeria
814
51.1
46
35.2
46
20.4
16.0
4.4
54
28.9
54
145.0
49
17.3
42.8
46
Senegal
315
46.7
51
53.2
51
23.3
21.2
2.2
51
25.2
51
90.0
43
8.7
32.3
49
Sierra Leone
1 360.0
76.0
46
59.7
46
16.6
15.6
1.0
46
25.0
46
125.0
43
12.5
38.9
46
Togo
368
57.2
50
44.6
50
19.9
17.2
2.6
50
33.6
50
85.0
41
5.5
21.8
50
ASIA
Eastern Asia
China
27
99.9
49
84.6
84.0
0.6
30
2.3
23
7.0
28
18.5
36
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
82
93.5
36
100.0
36
78.2
76.5
1.6
49
7.0
49
0.7
34
Japan
5
99.8
49
40.4
51
4.4
49
8.6
43
Mongolia
44
89.6
46
98.9
46
54.6
48.2
6.4
46
16.0
46
26.7
49
0.1
4.7
38
17.1
38
Republic of Korea
11
96.8
43
100.0
52
80.0
70.1
9.9
36
1.6
49
South-Central Asia
Afghanistan
396
17.8
51
50.5
51
22.5
19.8
2.7
55
24.5
55
51.9
41
32.8
46
Bangladesh
176
31.2
49
42.1
49
62.3
53.9
8.4
49
12.0
49
113.0
46
18.1
52.3
46
3.9
22
Bhutan
148
85.0
51
81.0
43
65.6
65.4
0.2
38
11.7
38
28.4
43
6.2
25.8
38
India
174
45.4
50
81.4
50
53.5
47.8
5.7
55
12.9
55
28.1
46
18.2
47.4
31
2.2
43
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
25
94.3
28
96.4
38
77.4
57.0
21.7
42
5.7
42
37.7
46
2.7
16.7
38
Kazakhstan
12
95.3
51
99.9
42
55.7
53.6
2.1
51
11.6
42
31.0
51
0.3
6.1
42
23.6
43
Kyrgyzstan
76
94.6
49
98.4
49
42.0
40.0
1.9
49
18.0
43
42.0
43
0.9
11.6
49
12.1
41
Maldives
68
85.1
36
95.5
43
34.7
27.0
7.8
36
28.6
36
13.7
43
0.3
3.9
36
Nepal
258
59.5
49
55.6
49
49.6
47.1
2.5
49
27.5
41
71.0
46
10.4
36.6
49
5.8
28
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
31
Maternal
mortality
ratio,
2015
Percentage of
women
receiving
antenatal
care,
Contraceptive use,
Unmet need for
family planning,
Adolescent
birth rate,
Induced
abortion
rate,
latest year
available
latest year
available
latest year
available
Any
method
Any
modern
Any
traditional
latest year
available
latest year
available
By age
15
By age
18
Pakistan
178
36.6
48
55.0
48
35.4
26.1
9.3
48
20.1
48
44.0
41
2.8
21
48
Sri Lanka
30
92.5
33
98.6
33
68.4
52.5
16.0
33
7.3
33
20.3
34
1.7
11.8
33
Tajikistan
32
52.5
43
87.4
43
27.9
25.8
2.1
43
22.9
43
54.0
41
0.1
11.6
43
8.7
49
Turkmenistan
42
96.4
55
99.5
31
50.2
47.1
3.1
55
12.1
55
21.0
30
0.6
7.3
30
12.4
41
Uzbekistan
36
100.0
49
64.9
61.9
3.0
30
13.7
16
25.5
30
0.3
7.2
30
5.2
46
South-Eastern Asia
Brunei Darussalam
23
93.2
43
100.0
51
16.6
34
Cambodia
161
75.6
49
89.0
49
56.3
38.8
17.5
49
12.5
49
57.0
46
1.9
18.5
49
1.5
41
Indonesia
126
83.5
46
87.4
46
61.1
59.5
1.6
51
14.4
51
48.0
38
13.6
46
Lao People's Democratic Republic
197
36.9
45
40.1
45
49.8
42.7
7.1
45
19.9
45
94.0
38
8.9
35.4
45
Malaysia
40
99.0
49
52.2
34.3
17.9
49
12.7
43
Myanmar
178
58.6
55
60.2
55
52.2
51.3
1.0
55
16.2
55
22.0
46
Philippines
114
84.3
46
72.8
46
55.1
37.4
17.7
46
17.5
46
57.0
43
2.0
15.0
46
Singapore
10
99.6
51
62.0
55.0
7.0
18
2.7
51
7.7
46
Thailand
20
93.4
43
99.6
43
79.3
76.9
2.4
43
6.9
43
60.0
43
3.8
22.1
43
Timor-Leste
215
55.1
40
29.3
40
22.3
20.6
1.7
40
31.5
40
50.0
38
3.0
18.9
36
Viet Nam
54
73.7
49
93.8
50
75.7
65.0
10.7
51
6.1
50
36.0
46
0.9
10.6
49
3.5
36
Western Asia
Armenia
25
96.0
55
99.8
55
57.1
28.0
29.2
55
12.5
55
25.7
34
0.0
7.2
38
17.1
49
Azerbaijan
25
66.1
41
99.9
49
51.1
14.3
36.8
30
15.4
30
54.3
51
1.9
11.0
41
11.5
49
Bahrain
15
100.0
46
99.8
49
61.8
30.6
31.2
14
13.8
43
8.9
43
Cyprus
7
99.9
46
4.2
41
Georgia
36
86.9
49
99.9
49
53.4
34.7
18.5
38
12.3
38
46.5
49
1.1
14.0
38
43.2
43
Iraq
50
49.6
41
90.9
41
52.5
35.9
16.5
41
8.0
41
82.0
36
4.6
24.3
41
Israel
5
68.0
51.9
16.0
6
10.2
49
12.5
43
Jordan
58
94.5
43
99.6
43
61.2
42.3
18.9
43
11.7
43
26.0
41
0.3
8.4
43
Kuwait
4
98.7
49
52.0
39.3
12.9
21
7.1
43
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
32
Maternal
mortality
ratio,
2015
Percentage of
women
receiving
antenatal
care,
Contraceptive use,
Unmet need for
family planning,
Adolescent
birth rate,
Induced
abortion
rate,
latest year
available
latest year
available
latest year
available
Any
method
Any
modern
Any
traditional
latest year
available
latest year
available
By age
15
By age
18
Lebanon
15
98.2
26
54.5
46.8
7.7
36
17.0
24
1.2
6.1
36
Oman
17
93.8
49
99.1
49
29.7
18.8
10.9
49
55.9
35
13.5
46
Qatar
13
84.5
43
100.0
49
37.5
34.4
3.1
43
12.4
43
13.4
43
0.0
4.2
43
1.1
28
Saudi Arabia
12
98.0
46
24.6
54
7.4
32
State of Palestine
45
95.5
49
99.6
49
57.2
44.1
13.1
49
10.9
49
48.0
49
1.0
15.3
49
Syrian Arab Republic
68
63.7
36
96.2
36
53.9
37.5
16.4
40
16.4
40
54.0
36
2.5
13.3
30
Turkey
16
88.9
46
97.4
50
73.5
47.4
26.0
46
5.9
46
29.0
43
1.1
14.7
46
3.9
41
United Arab Emirates
6
100.0
26
27.5
23.6
4.0
14
34.2
36
Yemen
385
25.1
46
44.7
46
33.5
29.2
4.3
46
28.7
46
67.0
43
9.4
31.9
46
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Belarus
4
99.7
43
100.0
43
63.1
52.0
11.1
43
7.0
43
20.5
49
0.0
3.2
43
14.2
43
Bulgaria
11
99.7
49
69.2
40.1
29.1
32
29.7
20
41.3
49
21.5
43
Czechia
4
99.8
46
86.3
77.6
8.7
34
4.3
34
11.1
46
10.6
43
Hungary
17
99.2
49
80.6
71.3
9.3
13
7.0
13
19.8
43
17.1
46
Poland
3
99.8
49
72.7
28.0
44.7
9
14.0
43
0.1
46
Republic of Moldova
23
95.4
43
99.7
49
59.5
41.7
17.7
43
9.5
43
26.7
49
0.4
12.2
43
15.4
43
Romania
31
76.0
26
98.5
49
69.8
50.5
19.4
28
11.9
26
35.3
49
21.9
46
Russian Federation
25
98.7
41
68.0
55.0
41
8.0
41
24.0
51
32.9
46
Slovakia
6
98.5
49
79.8
65.6
14.2
18
21.2
43
9.3
46
Ukraine
24
87.2
43
99.0
43
65.4
47.8
17.7
43
4.9
43
34.0
41
0.1
9.1
43
16
43
Northern Europe
Denmark
6
98.2
43
76.5
12
3.6
49
15.5
38
Estonia
9
96.8
49
99.4
49
63.4
57.9
5.5
29
15.6
49
23.3
43
Finland
3
99.9
51
77.4
75.4
2.1
8
7.2
49
10.3
46
Iceland
3
7.6
49
14.7
43
Ireland
8
99.7
49
64.8
61.4
5.4
29
9.0
49
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
33
Maternal
mortality
ratio,
2015
Percentage of
women
receiving
antenatal
care,
Contraceptive use,
Unmet need for
family planning,
Adolescent
birth rate,
Induced
abortion
rate,
latest year
available
latest year
available
latest year
available
Any
method
Any
modern
Any
traditional
latest year
available
latest year
available
By age
15
By age
18
Latvia
18
98.1
49
67.8
55.5
12.3
14
16.8
14
18.1
51
14.2
46
Lithuania
10
100.0
49
62.9
50.4
12.5
30
18.0
15
13.6
49
9.2
46
Norway
5
99.1
49
88.4
82.2
6.3
28
5.0
49
15.3
43
Sweden
4
75.2
64.8
10.4
16
5.0
49
20.2
49
United Kingdom
9
99.0
19
84.0
84.0
8.0
37
15.5
49
15.7
43
Southern Europe
Albania
29
66.8
37
99.3
37
69.3
10.6
58.7
37
12.9
37
20.2
51
0.2
9.6
37
11.3
41
Andorra
2.8
43
Bosnia and Herzegovina
11
84.2
45
99.9
49
45.8
12.0
33.8
45
9.0
45
11.0
46
0.2
3.5
45
1.4
23
Croatia
8
93.3
49
99.9
49
58.0
7.0
51.0
1
11.8
43
4.4
43
Greece
3
76.2
45.9
30.3
23
8.1
49
7.1
34
Holy See
Italy
4
68.1
25
99.9
46
62.7
40.6
22.1
17
11.8
17
5.6
49
9.5
43
Malta
9
99.9
46
85.8
46.0
11
12.9
49
Montenegro
7
86.6
46
99.0
46
23.3
15.4
7.8
46
21.8
46
17.5
26
0.6
4.5
46
5.9
43
Portugal
10
98.9
51
73.9
49
9.1
49
9.1
43
San Marino
1.3
43
Serbia
17
93.9
49
98.4
49
58.4
18.4
40.0
49
14.9
49
22.0
46
0.3
3.2
49
7.7
46
Slovenia
9
99.8
43
78.9
63.2
15.7
15
9.2
15
5.0
49
10.4
43
Spain
5
65.7
62.3
3.5
30
11.8
15
8.1
49
12.1
43
The former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia
8
93.9
41
99.9
49
40.2
12.8
27.4
41
17.2
41
18.7
43
0.9
6.9
41
11.8
43
Western Europe
Austria
4
98.5
49
65.7
63.0
2.6
48
7.9
46
1.3
23
Belgium
7
66.8
65.9
0.8
46
3.4
10
7.2
46
9.3
41
France
8
98.9
38
98.3
46
83.0
77.3
5.7
42
1.7
29
9.9
49
17.3
41
Germany
6
99.3
49
98.5
49
66.2
61.6
4.7
28
7.8
49
7.4
43
Liechtenstein
1.8
41
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
34
Maternal
mortality
ratio,
2015
Percentage of
women
receiving
antenatal
care,
Contraceptive use,
Unmet need for
family planning,
Adolescent
birth rate,
Induced
abortion
rate,
latest year
available
latest year
available
latest year
available
Any
method
Any
modern
Any
traditional
latest year
available
latest year
available
By age
15
By age
18
Luxembourg
10
97.3
41
99.9
36
6.4
43
Monaco
Netherlands
7
100.0
19
73.0
70.0
3.0
46
3.7
49
9.8
43
Switzerland
5
72.9
69.2
3.7
43
2.0
46
6.4
46
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
100.0
46
100.0
49
52.6
50.6
2.0
5
60.0
22
Bahamas
80
85.0
46
98.0
46
61.7
60.1
1.6
5
32.0
43
Barbados
27
87.9
43
98.6
46
59.2
55.4
3.8
43
19.9
43
49.7
32
0.7
10.7
43
Cuba
39
97.8
49
99.4
49
73.7
72.2
1.6
49
8.0
49
52.5
43
4.7
26
49
35.4
43
Dominica
100.0
49
49.8
47.9
1.9
4
47.2
30
Dominican Republic
92
92.9
49
97.7
49
69.5
68.0
1.5
49
11.4
49
90.0
43
10.2
36.5
46
13.3
28
Grenada
27
99.0
49
54.3
52.1
2.1
7
53.1
22
Haiti
359
67.3
43
48.6
46
34.5
31.3
3.2
43
35.3
43
66.0
38
2.8
17.5
43
Jamaica
89
85.6
41
99.1
41
72.5
68.4
4.1
37
10.0
37
45.7
41
1.4
7.9
41
Saint Kitts and Nevis
100.0
49
40.6
37.0
3.6
3
46.1
32
Saint Lucia
48
90.3
43
98.7
43
55.5
52.5
3.0
45
17.0
45
51.4
22
1.3
7.5
43
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
45
99.5
36
99.0
49
58.3
55.9
2.4
5
63.7
49
Trinidad and Tobago
63
100.0
46
100.0
49
42.5
38.1
4.4
30
26.7
30
35.5
30
1.8
8.1
30
Central America
Belize
28
92.6
51
94.2
46
51.4
48.5
2.9
51
22.2
51
90.4
24
3.4
25.9
41
Costa Rica
25
90.2
41
99.2
49
76.2
74.7
1.5
41
7.6
41
61.2
49
6.8
21.2
41
7.1
38
El Salvador
54
90.1
49
98.0
49
72.0
68.0
4.0
49
11.0
49
72.0
43
5
25.4
34
Guatemala
88
86.2
53
65.5
53
60.6
48.9
11.7
53
14.1
53
91.0
41
7.1
30.3
37
Honduras
129
88.9
45
82.8
45
73.2
63.8
9.4
45
10.7
45
97.6
43
7.6
33.6
45
Mexico
38
91.0
43
95.6
49
66.9
64.6
1.9
51
13.0
51
82.7
46
5.1
22.9
36
0.7
49
Nicaragua
150
87.8
45
88.0
45
80.4
77.4
3.0
45
5.8
45
92.0
38
10.4
40.6
30
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
35
Maternal
mortality
ratio,
2015
Percentage of
women
receiving
antenatal
care,
Contraceptive use,
Unmet need for
family planning,
Adolescent
birth rate,
Induced
abortion
rate,
latest year
available
latest year
available
latest year
available
Any
method
Any
modern
Any
traditional
latest year
available
latest year
available
By age
15
By age
18
Panama
94
87.9
46
93.9
49
62.8
60.1
2.7
46
16.4
46
91.1
46
6.8
26.4
46
South America
Argentina
52
89.8
45
99.6
49
81.3
78.2
3.1
46
68.1
46
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
206
75.3
43
84.8
43
60.5
34.5
26.0
34
20.1
34
88.0
30
3.2
21.7
34
Brazil
44
88.7
43
99.1
46
80.2
77.7
2.5
46
6.0
46
61.7
51
10.5
35.6
30
Chile
22
99.8
49
64.2
64.2
30
51.5
43
0.5
28
Colombia
64
88.6
38
98.9
49
79.1
72.9
6.1
40
8.0
40
71.6
49
5.6
23.0
38
0.0
38
Ecuador
64
57.5
26
96.3
49
80.1
71.7
8.4
44
8.8
44
64.6
36
3.8
22.2
26
Guyana
229
86.7
49
85.7
49
33.9
32.5
1.3
49
28.0
49
101.0
32
5.5
23.0
36
13.1
32
Paraguay
132
90.5
34
95.7
43
79.4
70.7
8.7
34
4.7
34
61.8
34
17.9
26
Peru
68
94.7
49
90.0
49
74.6
52.2
22.4
49
8.6
49
65.0
43
2.6
18.6
49
Suriname
155
66.8
38
90.0
38
47.6
47.2
0.4
38
16.9
38
73.1
24
5.2
18.8
38
Uruguay
15
76.8
48
99.9
49
77.0
74.8
2.2
26
63.5
46
0.7
24.6
46
9.3
46
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
95
61.0
43
99.5
49
75.0
38
18.9
19
94.5
43
NORTHERN AMERICA
Canada
7
99.0
33
99.9
41
85.0
30
12.6
41
12
43
United States of America
14
96.6
41
98.5
49
74.1
70.1
4.2
47
8.0
39
26.6
46
11.7
41
OCEANIA
Australia/New Zealand
Australia
6
92.0
34
99.3
46
67.8
65.1
2.7
45
12.6
49
11.8
49
New Zealand
11
96.6
49
75.0
72.3
2.7
14
19.0
51
14.5
49
Melanesia
Fiji
30
93.6
46
99.7
46
40.9
35.1
5.8
2
27.5
34
Papua New Guinea
215
54.9
30
53.0
30
32.4
24.3
8.1
33
27.4
33
65.0
26
2.1
21.3
30
Solomon Islands
114
64.6
32
86.0
32
34.6
27.4
7.2
33
11.1
33
62.0
34
3.1
22.4
32
Vanuatu
78
51.8
46
89.4
46
49.0
37.1
11.8
46
24.2
46
78.0
41
2.5
21.4
46
Micronesia
Reproductive Health Policies 2017
36
Maternal
mortality
ratio,
2015
Percentage of
women
receiving
antenatal
care,
Contraceptive use,
Unmet need for
family planning,
Adolescent
birth rate,
Induced
abortion
rate,
latest year
available
latest year
available
latest year
available
Any
method
Any
modern
Any
traditional
latest year
available
latest year
available
By age
15
By age
18
Kiribati
90
70.8
36
98.3
38
20.0
34
28.0
36
49.9
38
2.8
20.3
36
Marshall Islands
77.1
32
90.1
41
44.6
42.4
2.2
32
8.1
32
82.2
41
5.6
26.3
32
Micronesia (Federated States of)
100
100.0
36
52.0
25
Nauru
40.2
32
97.4
32
35.6
25.1
10.5
32
23.5
32
105.3
41
1.9
26.8
32
Palau
81.0
38
100.0
51
32.8
29.7
3.1
25
27.0
38
Polynesia
Cook Islands
100.0
36
43.2
38.2
4.9
21
56.0
41
Niue
100.0
41
14.3
36
Samoa
51
72.9
49
82.5
49
26.9
24.3
2.7
49
34.8
49
39.2
41
0.7
10.8
49
Tonga
124
70.4
43
95.5
43
34.1
28.4
5.7
43
25.2
43
30.0
41
0.3
5.6
43
Tuvalu
67.3
32
93.1
32
30.5
22.4
8.1
32
24.2
32
42.0
32
0.0
9.9
32
Notes:
A full stop is used to indicate decimals.
A blank cell indicates that data are not available.
Footnotes:
1
Refers to 1970.
11
Refers to 1993.
21
Refers to 1999.
31
Refers to 2005-2006.
41
Refers to 2011.
51
Refers to 2015.
2
Refers to 1974.
12
Refers to 1991-1993.
22
Refers to 2000.
32
Refers to 2007.
42
Refers to 2010-2011.
52
Refers to 2013-2015.
3
Refers to 1984.
13
Refers to 1992-1993.
23
Refers to 2001.
33
Refers to 2006-2007.
43
Refers to 2012.
53
Refers to 2014-2015.
4
Refers to 1987.
14
Refers to 1995.
24
Refers to 2002.
34
Refers to 2008.
44
Refers to 2007-2012.
54
Refers to 2016.
5
Refers to 1988.
15
Refers to 1994-1995.
25
Refers to 2003.
35
Refers to 2007-2008.
45
Refers to 2011-2012.
55
Refers to 2015-2016.
6
Refers to 1987-1988.
16
Refers to 1996.
26
Refers to 2004.
36
Refers to 2009.
46
Refers to 2013.
7
Refers to 1990.
17
Refers to 1995-1996.
27
Refers to 2003-2004.
37
Refers to 2008-2009.
47
Refers to 2011-2013.
8
Refers to 1989-1990.
18
Refers to 1997.
28
Refers to 2005.
38
Refers to 2010.
48
Refers to 2012-2013.
9
Refers to 1991.
19
Refers to 1998.
29
Refers to 2004-2005.
39
Refers to 2006-2010.
49
Refers to 2014.
10
Refers to 1991-1992.
20
Refers to 1997-1998.
30
Refers to 2006.
40
Refers to 2009-2010.
50
Refers to 2013-2014.
he Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and
Social Affairs is an important centre of demographic research that supports
intergovernmental processes at the UN in the area of population and
development.
The Division was created in 1947 following the establishment of the Population
Commission by UN Member States, with the mandate of implementing proposals
and decisions made by the Commission. The work of the Division focuses on
strengthening the capacity of the international community to address current and
emerging population issues, and to integrate population dimensions into the
development agenda at the national and international levels, including in the post-
2015 development agenda.
The Division provides timely and accessible population data and analysis for all
countries and areas of the world, for use by UN Member States, the UN system, civil
society and academia. It also assists countries to develop their capacity to collect,
disseminate and analyse demographic data and information, and organizes
technical and coordination meetings on various aspects of population and
development.
As the substantive Secretariat for the Commission on Population and Development,
the Division is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Programme of
Action of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. The
Division also supports other intergovernmental processes and services various
interagency coordination mechanisms of the UN system.
T
ISBN 978‐92‐1‐151555‐8
