2
bondsman, as interpreted by the courts. This article begins by discussing the history of bail and
purposes of bail bonds, the different ways bonds can be forfeited, several exceptions to general
bail bond rules, and when the surety escapes liability of a bond.
II. B
ACKGROUND OF BAIL BONDS
Bail bonds have helped shape the American justice system. These bail bond contracts, as
well as the bail bondsmen, are heavily regulated.
3
The bail bond process has evolved over
hundreds of years into the system we have today.
4
A. How Bail Bonds Work
A bail bond scenario begins with an accused first arrested for allegedly committing a
crime.
5
Due to the nature of the legal system there is a period of time between the arrest and the
trial.
6
During this period of time, the court has several options. The court can release the accused
on his/her own recognizance, which is an unsecured appearance bond; the court can set a secured
appearance bond with any necessary conditions; or the court can deny the accused bond forcing
the accused to remain in jail until trial.
7
The court can attach conditions to the bond that are
reasonably calculated to assure the presence of the accused at trial.
8
The court will also impose
conditions on the bond for the safety and security of the community.
9
The court may deny bail
altogether.
The trial court may release a person on bail if the court finds the person: (1)
Poses no significant risk of fleeing from the jurisdiction of the court or failing to appear
in court where required; (2) Poses no significant threat or danger to any person, to the
community, or to any property in the community; (3) Poses no significant risk of
committing any felony pending trial; and (4) Poses no significant risk of intimidating
witnesses or otherwise obstructing the administration of justice.
10
There are certain criteria which the court looks at when presuming that the accused is either a
flight risk or a danger to the community.
11
The court will look at the type of crime on which the
accused is charged.
12
If it is a violent crime or capital crime, the presumption is that the accused
is dangerous and bail is denied.
13
For most other crimes, the accused will be released on bail,
with the amount of the bail calculated as reasonable to the degree of the crime and the assurance
the accused will appear at trial.
14
Regarding the flight risk of the accused, the court will look at
the defendant’s roots in the community, such as citizenship, residences, employment, history of
attending legal proceedings, criminal record, as well as any family or assets within the
jurisdiction.
15
Once bail is set, the defendant can remain in jail, pay the bond and be released, or
sign a bail bond contract with a surety.
16
In using a bail bond, the defendant can be released
3. History of Bail, (Aug. 1, 2003), at http://www.bail.com/history.htm.
4. History of Bail, at http://www.bail.com/history.htm.
5. 8A A
M. JUR. 2D, supra § 2.
6. Id.
7. 18 U.S.C. § 3142(b) (2000).
8. § 3142(c).
9. § 3142(c)(1)(B).
10. Ayala v. State, 425 S.E.2d 282, 284 (Ga. 1993).
11. § 3142(c)(1)(B).
12. § 3142(f).
13. § 3142(f).
14. § 3142(f).
15. Ayala, 425 S.E.2d at 284. See also, United States v. Vargas, 804 F.2d 157, 160 (1st Cir. 1986).
16. How Bail Works, (Jul. 31, 2003), at http://www.bail.com/how.htm