BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY ELECTRONICS

B.Tech: Academic Regulations R‐18

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)

Sponsored by CMR Educational Society

(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified)

Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Kompally), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India.

Contact Number: 040-23792146/64634237, E-Mail ID: [email protected], website: www.mrcet.ac.in

VISION

 To establish a pedestal for the integral innovation, team spirit, originality and

competence in the students, expose them to face the global challenges and become

technology leaders of Indian vision of modern society.

MISSION

 To become a model institution in the fields of Engineering, Technology and

Management.

 To impart holistic education to the students to render them as industry ready engineers.

 To ensure synchronization of MRCET ideologies with challenging demands of

International Pioneering Organizations.

QUALITY POLICY

 To implement best practices in Teaching and Learning process for both UG and PG

courses meticulously.

 To provide state of art infrastructure and expertise to impart quality education.

 To groom the students to become intellectually creative and professionally competitive.

 To channelize the activities and tune them in heights of commitment and sincerity, the

requisites to claim the never - ending ladder of SUCCESS year after year.

For more information: www.mrcet.ac.in

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

COURSE STRUCTURE

I Year B. Tech – I Semester (I Semester)

S.NO

SUBJECT

CODE

SUBJECT

MAX. MARKS

INT

EXT

R18A0001

English

R18A0021

Mathematics – I

R18A0013

Applied Physics

R18A0302

Engineering Graphics

R18A0501

Programming for Problem Solving

R18A0082

Engineering/IT Workshop

R18A0581

Programming for Problem Solving Lab

1.5

R18A0081

English Language Communication Skills Lab

1.5

TOTAL

240

560

I Year B. Tech – II Semester (II Semester)

S.NO

SUBJECT

CODE

SUBJECT

MAX.

MARKS

INT

EXT

R18A0002

Professional English

R18A0022

Mathematics – II

R18A0012

Engineering Chemistry

R18A0502

Object Oriented Programming

R18A0201

Basic Electrical Engineering

R18A0083

Engineering Physics/Chemistry Lab

R18A0582

Object Oriented Programming Lab

1.5

R18A0281

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab

1.5

R18A0003

Human Values & Societal Perspectives

100

TOTAL

340

560

*Mandatory course: Non-credit course, 50% of scoring is required for the award of the degree

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

II Year B. Tech – I Semester (III Semester)

S.NO

SUBJECT

CODE

SUBJECT

MAX.

MARKS

INT

EXT

R18A0023

Mathematics-III

R18A0401

Electronic Devices & Circuits

R18A0402

Signals & Systems

R18A0403

Probability Theory & Stochastic Process

R18A0404

Switching Theory & Logic Design

R18A0261

Network Analysis & Transmission Lines

R18A0481

Electronic Devices & Circuits Lab

1.5

R18A0482

Basic Simulation Lab

1.5

R18A0004

Foreign Language: French

100

TOTAL

340

560

*Mandatory course: Non-credit course, 50% of scoring is required for the award of the degree

II Year B. Tech – II Semester (IV Semester)

S.NO

SUBJECT

CODE

SUBJECT

MAX.

MARKS

INT

EXT

R18A0209

Control Systems

R18A0405

Analog Circuits

R18A0406

Electromagnetic Fields & Waves

R18A0407

Analog Communications

R18A0061

Managerial Economics & Financial Analysis

OE I

OPEN ELECTIVE I

R18A0483

Analog Circuits Lab

1.5

R18A0484

Analog Communications Lab

1.5

R18A0014

Environmental Science

100

TOTAL

340

560

*Mandatory course: Non-credit course, 50% of scoring is required for the award of the degree

OPEN ELECTIVE I

S.NO

SUBJECT CODE

SUBJECT

R18A0451

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

R18A0551

DATA BASE SYSTEMS

R18A0553

DATA STRUCTURES USING PYTHON

R18A0351

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

R18A0352

GREEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

R18A0555

DATA VISUALIZATION

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

III Year B. Tech – I Semester (V Semester)

S.NO

SUBJECT

CODE

SUBJECT

MAX.

MARKS

INT

EXT

R18A0408

Digital Communications

R18A0409

LDIC

R18A0410

Antennas & Wave Propagation

R18A0411

Cellular & Mobile Communications

R18A0572

R18A0413

R18A0212

1. Computer Organization & OperatingSystems

2. Television Engineering

3. Digital Control Systems

OE II

OPEN ELECTIVE II

R18A0485

Digital Communications Lab

1.5

R18A0486

LDIC Lab

1.5

R18A0521

Cyber Security

100

TOTAL

340

560

*Mandatory course: Non-credit course, 50% of scoring is required for the award of the degree

OPEN ELECTIVE II

S.NO

SUBJECT CODE

SUBJECT

R18A1251

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

R18A0552

INTRODUCTION TO JAVA PROGRAMMING

R18A1252

SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

R18A0353

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

R18A0354

NANO TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

III Year B. Tech – II Semester (VI Semester)

S.NO

SUBJECT

CODE

SUBJECT

MAX.

MARKS

INT

EXT

R18A0414

Digital Signal Processing

R18A0415

Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

R18A1205

Artificial Intelligence

R18A0412

R18A0416

R18A0513

1. Instrumentation Engineering

2. Fiber Optical Communications

3. Computer Networks

OEIII

OPEN ELECTIVE III

R18A0487

Microprocessors & Microcontrollers Lab

1.5

R18A0488

Digital Signal Processing Lab

1.5

R18A0491

Mini Project

R18A0007

Indian Constitution

100

TOTAL

340

560

*Mandatory course: Non-credit course, 50% of scoring is required for the award of the degree

OPEN ELECTIVE III

S.NO

SUBJECT CODE

SUBJECT

R18A0452

ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION

R18A0453

INTERNET OF THINGS & ITS APPLICATIONS

R18A0554

OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS

R18A1253

SOFTWARE TESTING TECHNIQUES

R18A0355

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

R18A0251

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & APPLICATIONS

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

IV Year B. Tech – I Semester (VII Semester)

S.NO

SUBJECT

CODE

SUBJECT

MAX.

MARKS

INT

EXT

R18A0418

VLSI Design

R18A0419

Radar Systems

R18A0420

Microwave Engineering

R18A0421

Embedded System Design

R18A0422

R18A0423

R18A0424

1. Digital Image Processing

2. Speech and Audio Processing

3. Multimedia & Signal Coding

R18A0489

eCAD & VLSI Lab

1.5

R18A0490

EM & MW Lab

1.5

R18A0492

Project-I

TOTAL

240

560

IV Year B. Tech – II Semester (VIII Semester)

S.NO

SUBJECT

CODE

SUBJECT

MAX.

MARKS

INT

EXT

R18A0425

Wireless Communications & Networking

R18A0426

R18A0427

R18A0428

1. Detection and Estimation

2. Digital Signal Processors & Architectures

3. RF Circuit Design

R18A0429

R18A0430

R18A1261

1. Satellite Communications

2. Spread Spectrum Communications

3. Network Security & Cryptography

R18A0493

Project-II

140

TOTAL

150

350

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH- I- YEAR- I- SEM –ECE L T/P/D C

2 - / - / - 2

(R18A0001) ENGLISH

OBJECTIVES:

1. To enable students to enhance their lexical, grammatical and communicative

competence.

2. To equip the students to study the academic subjects with better perspective through

theoretical and practical components of the designed syllabus.

3. To familiarize students with the principles of writing to ensure error-free writing.

4. To know to use sentence structure effectively and to understand how to convert ideas

logically within a sentence.

5. To expose students to various techniques of reading skills which hone their comprehensive

skills.

UNIT –I

Chapter entitled “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost

Grammar –Tenses and Punctuation (Sequences of Tenses)

Vocabulary –Word Formation – Prefixes and Suffixes

Writing – Paragraph writing –I (Focusing on Tenses and Punctuations)

Reading – Techniques for effective reading-Reading Exercise –Type 1

UNIT – II

Chapter entitled “Abraham Lincoln’s Letter to His Son’s Teacher”

Grammar – Voices, Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Vocabulary – Synonyms, Antonyms

Writing – E-mail Writing, Letter Writing (complaints, requisitions, apologies).

Reading – Skimming, scanning- Reading Exercise –Type 2

UNIT – III

Chapter entitled “War” by L. Pirandello

Grammar –Degrees of Comparison, Prepositions

Vocabulary – Phrasal Verbs

Writing – Essay Writing (Introduction, body and conclusion)

Reading – Comprehension- Reading Exercise – Type 3

UNIT – IV

Chapter entitled “J K Rowling’s Harvard Speech”

Grammar – Articles, Misplaced Modifiers

Vocabulary – One-Word Substitutes

Writing – Précis Writing

Reading – Intensive and Extensive reading – Reading Exercise – Type 4

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

UNIT –V

Sentence Structures (phrases and clauses)

Grammar – Subject-Verb Agreement, Noun-Pronoun Agreement

Vocabulary – Commonly Confused Words

Writing – Memo Writing

Reading – Identifying Errors – Reading Exercise – Type 5

* Exercises apart from the text book shall also be used for classroom tasks.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Practical English Usage. Michael Swan. OUP. 1995.

2. Remedial English Grammar. F.T. Wood. Macmillan.2007

3. On Writing Well. William Zinsser. Harper Resource Book. 2001

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Study Writing. Liz Hamp-Lyons and Ben Heasly. Cambridge University Press. 2006.

2. Communication Skills. Sanjay Kumar and PushpLata. Oxford University Press. 2011.

3. Exercises in Spoken English. Parts. I-III. CIEFL, Hyderabad. Oxford University Press

OUTCOMES:

Students will be able to:

1. Write formal or informal letters and applications for different purposes.

2. Select and extract relevant information through skimming and scanning.

3. Utilize the strategy of brainstorming in preparing analytical, argumentative and

expository essays.

4. Draft concise emails following professional email etiquette.

5. Enhance their grammatical competency by spotting errors.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH- I- YEAR- I- SEM –ECE L T/P/D C

3 1/-/- 4

(R18A0021) MATHEMATICS –I

OBJECTIVES:

To learn

1. The concept of rank of a matrix which is used to know the consistency of system of linear

equations and also to find the eigen vectors of a given matrix.

2. Finding maxima and minima of functions of several variables.

3. Applications of first order ordinary differential equations. ( Newton’s law of cooling, Natural

growth and decay)

4. How to solve first order linear, non linear partial differential equations and also method of

separation of variables technique to solve typical second order partial differential

equations.

5. Solving differential equations using Laplace Transforms.

UNIT I:

Matrices

Introduction, types of matrices-symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian,

orthogonal, unitary matrices. Rank of a matrix – echelon form, normal form, consistency of

system of linear equations (Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous). Eigen values and Eigen

vectors and their properties (without proof), Cayley-Hamilton theorem (without proof),

Diagonalisation.

UNIT II:

Functions of Several Variables

Limit continuity, partial derivatives and total derivative. Jacobian-Functional dependence and

independence. Maxima and minima and saddle points, method of Lagrange multipliers, Taylor’s

theorem for two variables.

UNIT III:

Ordinary Differential Equations

First order ordinary differential equations: Exact, equations reducible to exact form.

Applications of first order differential equations – Newton’s law of cooling, law of natural

growth and decay.

Linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients: Non-

homogeneous term of the type f(x) = e

, sinax, cosax, x

, e

V and x

V. Method of variation of

parameters.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

UNIT IV:

Partial Differential Equations

Introduction, formation of partial differential equation by elimination of arbitrary constants and

arbitrary functions, solutions of first order Lagrange’s linear equation and non-linear equations,

Charpit’s method, Method of separation of variables for second order equations and

applications of PDE to one dimensional (Heat equation).

UNIT V:

Laplace Transforms

Definition of Laplace transform, domain of the function and Kernel for the Laplace transforms,

Existence of Laplace transform, Laplace transform of standard functions, first shifting Theorem,

Laplace transform of functions when they are multiplied or divided by “t”, Laplace transforms

of derivatives and integrals of functions, Unit step function, Periodic function.

Inverse Laplace transform by Partial fractions, Inverse Laplace transforms of functions when

they are multiplied or divided by ”s”, Inverse Laplace Transforms of derivatives and integrals of

functions, Convolution theorem, Solving ordinary differential equations by Laplace transforms.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B V Ramana ., Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers.

3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by R.K Jain & S R K Iyenger, Narosa Publishers.

2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Michael Green Berg, Pearson Publishers .

3. Engineering Mathematics by N.P Bali and Manish Goyal.

OUTCOMES:

After learning the concepts of this paper the student will be able to

1. Analyze the solution of the system of linear equations and to find the Eigen values and

Eigen vectors of a matrix.

2. Find the extreme values of functions of two variables with / without constraints.

3. Solve first and higher order differential equations.

4. Solve first order linear and non-linear partial differential equations.

5. Solve differential equations with initial conditions using Laplace Transform.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B.TECH – I YEAR – I SEM – ECE L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0011) APPLIED PHYSICS

OBJECTIVES:

1. To understand dual nature of the matter and behavior of a particle quantum mechanically.

2. To understand band structure of the solids and classification of materials.

3. To be able to distinguish pure, impure semiconductors and characteristics of PN junction

diode.

4. To understand dielectric and magnetic properties of the materials and enable them to

design and apply in different fields.

5. To be able to distinguish ordinary light with a laser light and realize the transfer of light

through optical fibers.

UNIT – I

QUANTUM MECHANICS

Wave nature of particles, deBroglie’s hypothesis, matter waves, Heisenberg’s uncertainty

principle, Davisson and Germer’s experiment, G.P Thomson experiment, Schrodinger time-

independent wave equation-significance of wave function, particle in one dimensional square

well potential.

UNIT – II

ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

Free electron theory, Fermi level, Density of states, Periodic potential-Bloch’s theorem, Kronig –

Penny modal, E – K diagram, Effective mass, Origin of energy bands in solids, Classification of

materials on the basis of energy bands: Metals, semi conductors and insulators.

UNIT – III

SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Direct and indirect band gap semi conductors, Carrier

concentration in intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductors. Dependence of Fermi level on carrier

concentration and temperature, carrier transport: diffusion and drift, Formation of PN junction,

V-I characteristics of PN diode, energy diagram of PN diode, Hall experiment, semiconductor

materials for optoelectronic devices – LED, Solar cell.

UNIT-IV

DIELECTRICS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Dielectrics: Introduction, Types of polarizations (Electronic and Ionic) and calculation of their

polarizabilities, internal fields in a solid, Clausius-Mossotti relation.

Magnetism: Introduction, Bohr magneton, classification of dia, para and ferro magnetic

materials on the basis of magnetic moment, Properties of anti-ferro and ferri magnetic

materials, Hysteresis curve based on domain theory, Soft and hard magnetic materials.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

UNIT – V:

LASERS & FIBER OPTICS

Characteristics of lasers, Absorption, Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions, Einstein’s

Coefficients, Population inversion, Meta stable state, types of pumping, lasing action,

Construction and working of Ruby Laser, Helium-Neon Laser, Applications of lasers.

Introduction to optical fiber, Construction and working principle of an Optical Fiber, Acceptance

angle and Numerical aperture, Types of Optical fibers – Mode and Propagation through step

and graded index fibers, Attenuation, Optical Fiber in Communication System, Applications of

optical fibers.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Engineering Physics by Arumugam, Anuradha publications.

2. Engineering Physics- B.K.Pandey, S.Chaturvedi, Cengage Learning.

REFERENCES:

1. Engineering Physics – R.K. Gaur and S.L.Gupta, Dhanpat Rai Publishers.

2. Engineering Physics, S Mani Naidu- Pearson Publishers.

3. Engineering physics 2

edition –H.K.Malik and A.K. Singh.

4. Engineering Physics – P.K. Palaniswamy, Scitech publications.

5. Physics by Resnick and Haliday.

OUTCOMES:

After completion of studying Applied Physics the student is able to,

1. Know the basic principles of quantum mechanics and the importance of behavior of a

particle.

2. Realize the importance of band structure of solids and their applications in various electronic

devices.

3. Learn concentration estimation of charge carriers in semiconductors and working principles

of PN diode.

4. Learn dielectric, magnetic properties of the materials and apply them in material

technology.

5. Learn the principles and production of LASER beams and transfer of information by optical

fiber communication systems.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH – I- YEAR –I SEM- ECE L T/P/D C

1 -/4-/- 3

(R18A0301) ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

Course Objectives:

1. Learn to sketch and take field dimensions.

2. Learn to take data and transform it into graphic drawings.

3. Learn basic engineering drawing formats

UNIT – I

Introduction To Engineering Drawing: Principles of Engineering Drawing/Graphics – Various

Drawing Instruments – Conventions in Drawing- Dimensioning – Lettering practice – BIS

Conventions.

a) Polygons – Construction of regular polygons (General Method only)

b) Conic Sections (General Method only- Eccentricity Method)

c) Cycloid, Epicycloid and Hypocycloid

d) Scales-Plain, Diagonal and Vernier

UNIT – II

Orthographic Projection in First Angle only: Principles of Orthographic Projections –

Conventions – First and Third Angle projections (Introduction).

Projections of Points. Points in all four quadrants.

Projections of Lines – Parallel and inclined to both planes.

UNIT – III

Projections of Planes: Projection of regular planes, Plane inclined to both reference planes (No

conditional problems).

Projections of Solids: Projections of regular solids prism and pyramid inclined to both planes

(No conditional problems).

UNIT – IV

Isometric Projections: Principles of Isometric Projection – Isometric Scale – Isometric Views–

Conventions – Plane Figures, Simple and Compound Solids.

UNIT – V

Transformation of Projections: Conversion of Isometric Views to Orthographic Views.

Conversion of orthographic views to isometric views – simple objects

Basic Principles of ACAD – Demo Only.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Course Outcomes:

1. Student’s ability to convert sketches to engineered drawings will increase.

2. Students will be able to draw orthographic projections and sections.

3. Student’s ability to perform basic sketching techniques willimprove.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Engineering Drawing, Special Edition-MRCET, McGrahill Publishers, 2017.

Engineering Drawing, N.D. Bhatt

3. Engineering Drawing by K.Venu Gopal& V.Prabu Raja New Age Publications.

REFERENCES

1. Engineering drawing – P.J. Shah .S.Chand Publishers.

2. Engineering Drawing- Johle/Tata Macgraw Hill Book Publishers.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH – I- YEAR –I SEM- ECE L T/P/D C

3 ‐/‐/‐ 3

(R18A0501) PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the various steps in Program development.

2. To understand the basic concepts in C Programming Language.

3. To learn how to write modular and readable C Programs

4. To learn to write programs (using structured programming approach) in C to solve

problems.

UNIT ‐ I

Introduction to Computing – Computer Systems-Hardware and Software, Computer Languages,

Algorithm, Flowchart, Representation of Algorithm and Flowchart with examples.

Introduction to C– History of C, Features of C, Structure of C Program, Character Set, C Tokens-

Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Variables, Data types, Operators.

UNIT‐II

Statements‐Selection statements (Decision Making)- if and switch statements with examples,

Repetition statements (loops)- while, for, do‐while statements with examples, Unconditional

statements- break, continue, goto statements with examples.

UNIT – III

Functions‐Designing Structured Programs, Types of Functions-User defined functions, Standard

functions, Categories of functions, Parameter Passing techniques, Storage classes, Recursion.

UNIT‐IV

Arrays- Declaration and Initialization, One dimensional Arrays, Two dimensional Arrays.

Strings- Declaration and Initialization, String Input / Output functions, String manipulation

functions.

UNIT-V

Pointers- Introduction, Definition and Declaration of pointers, address operator, Pointer

variables, Pointers with Arrays.

Structures- Introduction, Declaration and Initialization, Array of Structures, Unions.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Computer Programming with C, Special Edition‐MRCET, Mc Graw Hill Publishers 2017.

2. Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C, B.A.Forouzan and R.F.

Gilberg. Third Edition, Cengage Learning.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. The C Programming Language, B.W. Kernighan and Dennis M.Ritchie, PHI.

2. Computer Programming, E.Balagurusamy, First Edition, TMH.

3. C and Data structures – P. Padmanabham, Third Edition, B.S. Publications.

4. Programming in C, Ashok Kamthane. Pearson Education India.

5. Let us C ,Yashwanth Kanethkar, 13

Edition, BPB Publications.

OUTCOMES:

1. Demonstrate the basic knowledge of computer hardware and software.

2. To formulate simple algorithms for arithmetic and logical problems.

3. To translate the algorithms to programs (in C language).

4. To test and execute the programs and correct syntax and logical errors.

5. Ability to apply solving and logical skills to programming in C language and also in other

languages.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH – I- YEAR –I SEM- ECE L T/P/D C

- -/-/ 4 2

(R18A0082) ENGINEERING WORKSHOP/ IT WORKSHOP

OBJECTIVES:

1. Student able to learn about different tools used in the lab

2. Student able to learn about foundry, welding, plumbing, house wiring and Tin smithy

operations

3. Student able to learn about different Carpentry and Fitting tools

TRADES FOR EXERCISES:

At least two exercises from each trade:

1. Carpentry

2. Fitting

3. Tin-Smithy and Development of jobs carried out and soldering.

4. Black Smithy

5. House-wiring

TRADES FOR DEMONSTRATION & EXPOSURE:

1. Plumbing

2. Machine Shop

3. Welding

4. Foundry

5. Metal Cutting (Water Plasma)

TEXT BOOK:

1. Work shop Manual – P.Kannaiah/ K.L.Narayana/ Scitech Publishers.

Workshop Manual / Venkat Reddy/ BS Publications/Sixth Edition

OUTCOMES:

1. Students can understand different machine shop operations

2. Students can understand Foundry, welding, plumbing, house wiring and Tin smithy

operations

3. Student learned about metal cutting processes

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH- I YEAR- I SEM-ECE L T/P/D C

- -/ 4 /- 2

OBJECTIVES:

(R18A0082) IT WORKSHOP LAB

1. The IT Workshop for engineers is a training lab course spread over 54 hours. The modules

include training on PC Hardware, Internet & World Wide Web and Productivity tools

including Word, Excel, and Power Point

2. PC Hardware introduces the students to a personal computer and its basic peripherals, the

process of assembling a personal computer, installation of system software like MS

Windows; In addition hardware and software level troubleshooting process, tips and tricks

would be covered.

3. Internet & World Wide Web module introduces the different ways of hooking the PC on to

the internet from home and workplace and effectively usage of the internet. Usage of web

browsers, email, newsgroups and discussion forums would be covered. In addition,

awareness of cyber hygiene, i.e., protecting the personal computer from getting infected

with the viruses, worms and other cyber attacks would be introduced.

4. Productivity tools module would enable the students in crafting professional word

documents, excel spread sheets, power point presentations and personal web sites using

the Microsoft suite of office tools.

5. HTML introduction for creating static web pages

PC HARDWARE

Week 1:

Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions. Draw the block

diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral

Week 2:

Assembling and disassembling of PC

Week 3:

Every student should individually install MS windows on the personal computer. Basic DOS

Commands

Week 4: Hardware Troubleshooting

Students have to be given a PC which does not boot due to improper assembly or defective

peripherals Software Troubleshooting: Students have to be given amalfunctioning CPU due to

system software problems. They should identify the problem and fix it to get the computer

back to working condition.

Week 5: INTERNET & WEB BROWSERS

Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the LAN

proxy settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers And How to access the

websites and email& Search Engines & various threats on the internet and would be asked

to configure their computer to be safe on the internet, Antivirus downloads to avoid

viruses and/or worms.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MS OFFICE

Week 6: MICROSOFT WORD

Word Orientation: an overview of Microsoft (MS) office 2007/ 10: Importance of MS office

2007/10, overview of toolbars, saving files, Using help and resources, rulers, format painter.

Table of Content, Newspaper columns, Images from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word

Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes, Paragraphs and Mail Merge in word.

Using Word to create project certificate. Features to be covered:-Formatting Fonts in word, Drop

Cap in word, Applying Text effects, Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting

Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option in Word &Formatting Styles, Inserting table,

Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols,

Spell Check, Track Changes.

Week 7: MICROSOFT EXCEL

Excel Orientation: The importance of MS office 2007/10 tool Excel as a Spreadsheet tool,

Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel files, Using help and resources.

Creating a Scheduler – Features to be covered:- Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation, auto fill,

Formatting Text

Calculating GPA - .Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel – average, std.

deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count function,

LOOKUP/VLOOKUP, Sorting, Conditional formatting .

Week 8: MICROSOFT POWER POINT

Basic power point utilities and tools which helpful to create basic power point presentation.

Topic covered during this includes PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art,

Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in both Latex and Power

point.

Create the presentation using the following tools:

Formatting: Color, font type, font size, font style etc.

Header and Footer

Bullets and Numbering

Drawing Toolbar: Auto shapes, Textboxes, etc

Design Template

Introduction to custom animation.

b) Create a presentation to conduct a creativity session using the following tools:

1. Slide transition

2. Master slide view

3. Insert picture – clipart, image

4. Action button

5. Drawing tool bar – lines, arrows

6. Hyperlink

7. Custom animation

8. Hide slide

9. Wash out

Week 9: HTML

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Introduction to HTML & Basic HTML Tags: Understand what are the tasks used for creation of

website

Designing a static web page: Understand how to create a webpage

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introduction to Information Technology,ITL Education Solutions limited,Pearson Education

2. PC Hardware and A+ Handbook-Kate J.Chase PHI(Microsoft)

OUTCOMES:

1. The Students are able to identify the major components of a computer and its basic

peripherals. They are capable of assembling a personal computer, and can perform

installation of system software like MS Windows and required device drivers.

2. Students can detect and perform minor hardware and software level troubleshooting.

3. The Students are capable of working on Internet & World Wide Web and can make

effective usage of the internet for academics.

4. The Students develop ability to prepare professional word documents, excel spread sheets

and power point presentations using the Microsoft suite of office tools.

5. The students are able to create a static webpage’s using HTML.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH- I YEAR- I SEM-ECE L T/P/D C

- -/3/- 1.5

(R18A0581) PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING LAB

OBJECTIVES:

1. Understand the basic concept of C Programming, and its different modules that include

conditional and looping expressions, Arrays, Strings, Functions, Pointers, and Structures.

2. Acquire knowledge about the basic concept of writing a program.

3. Role of constants, variables, identifiers, operators, type conversion and other building

blocks of C Language.

4. Use of conditional expressions and looping statements to solve problems associated

with conditions and repetitions.

5. Role of Functions involving the idea of modularity.

6. Programming using gcc compiler in Linux.

Week 1:

a) Write a C program to find sum and average of three numbers.

b) Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of a given positive integer.

Week 2:

a) Write a C program to generate the first n terms of the Fibonacci sequence.

b) Write a C program to generate prime numbers from 1 to n.

c) Write a C program to check whether given number is Armstrong Number or not.

Week 3:

a) Write a C program to check whether given number is perfect number or not.

b) Write a C program to check whether given number is strong number or not.

Week 4:

a) Write a C program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.

b) Write a C program to perform arithmetic operations using switch statement.

Week 5:

a) Write a C program to find factorial of a given integer using non-recursive function.

b) Write a C program to find factorial of a given integer using recursive function.

Week 6:

a) Write C program to find GCD of two integers by using recursive function.

b) Write C program to find GCD of two integers using non-recursive function.

Week 7:

a) Write a C program to find both the largest and smallest number in a list of integers.

b) Write a C program to Sort the Array in an Ascending Order

c) Write a C program to find whether given matrix is symmetric or not.

Week 8:

Revision of programs

Week 9:

a) Write a C program to perform addition of two matrices.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

b) Write a C program that uses functions to perform multiplication of two Matrices.

Week 10:

a) Write a C program to use function to insert a sub-string in to given main string from a

given position.

b) Write a C program that uses functions to delete n Characters from a given position in a

given string.

Week 11:

a) Write a C program using user defined functions to determine whether the given string is

palindrome or not.

b) Write a C program that displays the position or index in the main string S where the sub

string T begins, or – 1 if S doesn’t contain T.

Week 12:

a) Write C program to count the number of lines, words and characters in a given text.

b) Write a C program to find the sum of integer array elements using pointers.

Week 13:

a) Write a C program to Calculate Total and Percentage marks of a student using structure.

Week 14:

Revision of Programs

TEXT BOOKS

1. C Programming and Data Structures, P.Padmanabham, Third Edition, BS Publications

2. Computer programming in C.V.Rajaraman, PHI Publishers.

3. C Programming, E.Balagurusamy, 3

edition, TMH Publishers.

4. C Programming, M.V.S.S.N Venkateswarlu and E.V.Prasad,S.Chand Publishers

5. Mastering C,K.R.Venugopal and S.R.Prasad, TMH Publishers.

OUTCOMES:

1. Acquire knowledge about the basic concept of writing a program.

2. Understand the Role of constants, variables, identifiers, operators, type conversion and

other building blocks of C Language.

3. Learn how to use of conditional expressions and looping statements to solve problems

associated with conditions and repetitions.

4. Understand the Role of Functions involving the idea of modularity.

5. Understand the Concept of Array and pointers dealing with memory management.

6. Learn Structures and unions through which derived data types can be formed.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH- I YEAR- I SEM-ECE L T/P/D C

-/ -/ 3 /-/ 1.5

(R18A0081) ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB

OBJECTIVES:

1. To expose students to a variety of self-instructional, learner-friendly modes of language

learning

2. To enable students to learn accurate pronunciation through stress on word accent,

intonation and rhythm.

3. To enable students to overcome public speaking anxiety and equip them to become

employable.

4. To familiarize students with formal telephonic expressions by means of appropriate tone.

5. To foster sentence-level and holistic understanding of the context through active listening.

Syllabus: English Language Communication Skills Lab has two parts:

a. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Lab

b. Interactive Communication Skills (ICS) Lab

The following course content is prescribed for the English Language Communication Skills Lab.

UNIT –I

CALL Lab: Introduction to Phonetics –Speech Sounds –Vowels and Consonants- Transcriptions

ICS Lab: Ice-Breaking Activity – JAM Session- Greetings – Taking Leave – Introducing Oneself

and Others.

UNIT –II

CALL Lab: Syllabification – Stress &Intonation- Rules of Stress Markings and Intonation

ICS Lab: Situational Dialogues/Role Plays – Making Requests and Seeking Permissions.

UNIT –III

CALL Lab: Listening Activities (Its Importance – Purpose- Process- Listening for General and

Specific Details.)

ICS Lab: Communication at Work Place – Professional Etiquettes, Telephone Etiquette.

ELCS Lab:

1. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Lab:

The Computer aided Language Lab for 60 students with 60 systems, one master console, LAN

facility and English language software for self-study by learners.

System Requirement (Hardware component):

Computer network with LAN with minimum 60 multimedia systems with the following

specifications:

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

i) P –IV Processor

a) Speed –2.8 GHZ

b) RAM –512 MB Minimum

c) HardDisk –80 GB

ii) Headphones of High quality

2. Interactive Communication Skills (ICS) Lab :

A spacious room with movable chairs and audio-visual aids with a public address system, a T.

V, a digital stereo –audio & video system and camcorder etc.

OUTCOMES:

Students will be able to:

1. understand the importance of learning phonetics.

2. learn how to pronounce words using phonetic transcription.

3. know the importance of speaking English with rhythm and intonation.

4. effectively participate in JAM session.

5. use polite expressions in all formal situations.

6. effectively communicate through telephone.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLAREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH- I YEAR- II SEM-ECE L T/P/D C

2 - / - / - 2

(R18A0002) PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH

OBJECTIVES:

1. To enrich students to express themselves appropriately and fluently in professional

contexts.

2. To enhance their employability through regular participation in group discussions and

interview skills.

3. To lay foundation with writing strategies for the future workplace needs.

4. To acquaint students with different components of professional presentation skills.

5. To equip students with necessary training in listening to comprehend dialects of English

language.

UNIT-I

Listening - Bill Gate’s TED talk on Solving Big Problems

Speaking - Description of Pictures, Places, Objects and Persons

Grammar - Finite and Non-finite verbs

Vocabulary - Business Vocabulary

Writing - Paragraph Writing

Unit –II

Listening - Google CEO Sundar Pichai’s Speech I/O 2017 Keynote

Speaking - Oral presentations

Grammar - Transformation of Sentences

Vocabulary - Idioms

Writing - Abstract Writing

Unit –III

Listening - Sample Interviews (videos)

Speaking - Mock Interviews

Grammar - Direct and Indirect Speech

Vocabulary - Standard Abbreviations (Mini Project)

Writing - Job applications I (Cover Letter)

Unit – IV

Listening - Telephonic Interviews

Speaking - Telephonic Expressions

Grammar - Auxiliary verbs

Vocabulary - Word Analogy-I

Writing - Job Application II (Resume)

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Unit – V

Listening - Tanmay Bhakshi’s ITU interview

Speaking - Professional Etiquette

Grammar - Common Errors

Vocabulary - Word Analogy-II

Writing - Report Writing

* Exercises apart from the text book shall also be referred for classroom tasks.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Practical English Usage. Michael Swan. OUP. 1995.

2. Remedial English Grammar. F.T. Wood. Macmillan.2007

3. On Writing Well. William Zinsser. Harper Resource Book. 2001

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Study Writing. Liz Hamp-Lyons and Ben Heasly. Cambridge University Press. 2006.

2. Communication Skills. Sanjay Kumar and PushpLata. Oxford University Press. 2011.

3. Exercises in Spoken English. Parts. I-III. CIEFL, Hyderabad. Oxford University Press

OUTCOMES:

Students will be able to:

1. draft coherent and unified paragraphs with adequate supporting details.

2. demonstrate problem solving skills, decision-making skills, analytical skills.

3. comprehend and apply the pre-interview preparation techniques for successful interview.

4. achieve expertise in writing resume and cover letter formats.

5. understand the steps of writing ‘Reports and Abstract’.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLAREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B. TECH- I YEAR- II SEM-ECE L T/P/D C

3 1/-/ - 4

(R18A0022) MATHEMATICS-II

OBJECTIVES:

1. The aim of numerical methods is to provide systematic methods for solving problems in a

numerical form using the given initial data and also used to find the roots of an equation.

2. To learn the concepts curve fitting, numerical integration and numerical solutions of first

order ordinary differential equations.

3. Evaluation of improper integrals using Beta and Gamma functions.

4. Evaluation of multiple integrals.

5. In many engineering fields the physical quantities involved are vector valued functions.

Hence the vector calculus aims at basic properties of vector valued functions and their

applications to line, surface and volume integrals.

UNIT – I:

Solutions of algebraic, transcendental equations and Interpolation

Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations: Introduction, Bisection Method, Method

of false position, Newton Raphson method and their graphical interpretations.

Interpolation: Introduction, errors in polynomial interpolation, Finite differences – Forward

differences, backward differences, central differences. Newton’s formulae for interpolation,

Gauss’s central difference formulae. Interpolation with unevenly spaced points – Lagrange’s

Interpolation.

UNIT – II:

Numerical Methods

Numerical integration: Generalized quadrature – Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3

and

Simpson’s 3/8

rules.

Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Solution by Taylor’s series method,

Euler’s method, Euler’s modified method, Runge-Kutta fourth order method.

Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line, second degree curve, exponential curve, power curve by

method of least squares.

Unit III:

Beta and Gamma functions

Introduction of improper integrals- Beta and Gamma functions – Relation between them, their

properties, Evaluation of improper integrals using Beta and Gamma functions.

Unit IV:

Double and Triple Integrals

Double and triple integrals (Cartesian and polar), change of order of integration in double

integrals, Change of variables (Cartesian to polar).

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Unit V:

Vector Calculus

Introduction, Scalar point function and vector point function, Directional derivative, Gradient,

Divergence, Curl and their related properties, Laplacian operator, Line integral – Work done,

Surface integrals, Volume integral. Vector integral theoerem-Green’s Theorem, Stoke’s

theorem and Gauss’s Divergence Theorems (Statement & their Verification).

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B V Ramana ., Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers.

3. Mathematical Methods by S.R.K Iyenger, R.K.Jain, Narosa Publishers.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Michael Greenberg –Pearson publishers.

3. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis by S.S. Sastry, PHI

OUTCOMES:

After learning the contents of this paper the student must be able to

1. Find the roots of algebraic, non algebraic equations and predict the value of the data at an

intermediate point from a given discrete data.

2. Find the most appropriate formula for a guesses relation of the data variables using curve

fitting and this method of analysis data helps engineers to understand the system for better

interpretation and decision making.

3. Find a numerical solution for a given differential equation.

4. Evaluate multiple integrals and to have a basic understanding of Beta and Gamma

functions..

5. Evaluate the line, surface, volume integrals and converting them from one to another using

vector integral theorems.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLAREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.TECH- I- YEAR- II- SEM –ECE L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0013) ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

OBJECTIVES:

1. To apply the electrochemical principles in batteries, understand the fundamentals of

corrosion and development of different techniques in corrosion control.

2. To analyze microscopic chemistry in terms of atomic and molecular orbitals.

3. To analyze water for its various parameters and its significance in industrial and domestic

applications.

4. To impart the knowledge of organic reaction mechanisms which are useful for

understanding the synthesis of organic compounds.

5. To analyze different types of fuels and their applications in various engineering fields.

UNIT-I:

Electrochemistry and Corrosion

Electrochemistry: Introduction to electrochemistry; Electrochemical cells – electrode potentials,

construction and working of a galvanic cell, EMF and its applications – potentiometric titration;

Nernst equation and its applications; Batteries – classification of batteries, primary cell – lithium

cells and secondary cells – lead acid battery and lithium ion battery; Fuel cells – H

-O

fuel cell,

its applications and advantages.

Corrosion: Introduction, causes and effects of corrosion; Theories of corrosion- chemical

(oxidation corrosion) and electrochemical corrosion, mechanism of electrochemical corrosion;

Corrosion control methods – cathodic protection – sacrificial anodic protection & impressed

current cathodic protection; Methods of application of metallic coatings – hotdipping –

galvanizing & tinning, electroplating (Cu plating) and electroless plating (Ni plating) –

advantages and applications of electroplating/electroless plating.

UNIT –II:

Atomic and Molecular Structure

Atomic and molecular orbitals; Postulates of molecular orbital theory – Linear Combination of

Atomic Orbitals (LCAO); Molecular orbitals of diatomic molecules, molecular orbital energy

level diagrams of N

and O

; Metallic bonding, limitations of Valence Bond Theory (VBT).

Crystal field theory (CFT) – Salient features of CFT, crystal field splitting of transition metal ion

d-orbitals in tetrahedral and octahedral geometries.

UNIT –III:

Water and its Treatment

Hardness of water- Types and units of hardness; Estimation of hardness of water by EDTA

method; Softening of water by Ion exchange process; Potable water- specifications, methods of

disinfectation-chlorination and ozonization; Desalination of water by Reverse Osmosis.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

UNIT-IV:

Organic Reactions

Introduction to Organic Reactions – Types of reactions; Substitution – Nucleophilic substitution

reactions, mechanism of S

1 and S

2; Addition – electrophilic and nucleophilic addition

reactions; addition of HBr to propene – Markownikoff and Anti-Markownikoff’s additions;

Elimination reactions – dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides; Oxidation reactions – oxidation of

alcohols using KmnO

and chromic acid; Reduction reactions – reduction of carbonyl

compounds using LiAlH

and NaBH

UNIT-V:

Energy Sources

Fuels- Definition, classification (solid, liquid & gaseous fuels) – characteristics of a good fuel;

Coal – analysis of coal – proximate and ultimate analysis and their significance; Petroleum -

refining, knocking – octane and cetane number, cracking – fluid bed catalytic cracking; Natural

gas, LPG, CNG ‐ constituents, characteristics and uses.

TEXT BOOKS:

Engineering Chemistry by P.C. Jain & M. Jain, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company (P) Ltd,

Edition, New Delhi.

Engineering Chemistry by Prasanta Rath, B. Rama Devi, C. H. Venkata Ramana

Reddy, Subhendu Chakroborty, Cengage Learning Publication, India Private Limited , 2018.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. University Chemistry by B. H. Mahan, Pearson, IV Edition.

2. Engineering Chemistry by Shashi Chawla, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company (P) Ltd, New

Delhi.

3. Reactions, Rearrangements and Reagents by S.N. Sanyal, Bharati Bhavan Publishers.

OUTCOMES:

The basic concepts included in this course will help the student to:

1. Understand the operating principles of various types of electrochemical cells, including fuel

cells and batteries. Analyze and develop a technically sound, economic and sustainable

solution to corrosion problems related to engineering service.

2. Achieve basic concepts of atomic, molecular and electronic changes related to conductivity

and magnetism.

3. Familiarize the student with the fundamentals of the treatment technologies and the

considerations for its design and implementation in water treatment plants.

4. Gain knowledge on synthesis of organic compounds by using different reaction

mechanisms.

5. Comprehend the types of fuels, characteristics and combustion systems with emphasis on

engineering applications.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.TECH- I- YEAR- II- SEM –ECE L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0502)OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

OBJECTIVES:

 To teach the student the concepts of object oriented and generic programming.

 To differentiate between object oriented programming and procedural programming.

 To design applications using object oriented features.

 To teach the student to implement object oriented concepts.

Unit - I

Introduction to Object Oriented Programming: Object oriented paradigm-Differences between Object

Oriented Programming and Procedure oriented programming, Basic concepts of Object Oriented

Programming, Benefits of OOP, Structure of a C++ program, namespace, Data types, C++ tokens,

Identifiers, Variables, Constants, Operators, Control structures &Loops.

Functions: Introduction to functions, Inline functions, Command Line arguments.

Unit - II

Classes and Objects:

Introduction of Classes: Class Definition, Defining a Members, Objects, Access Control, Class Scope,

Memory Allocation for Objects, Static Data Members, Static Member Functions, Arrays of Objects, Friend

Functions.

Constructors and Destructors:

Introduction to Constructors, Default Constructors, Parameterized Constructors, Copy Constructors,

Destructors.

Unit - III

Inheritance: Introduction to inheritance, Defining Derived Classes, Single Inheritance, Multiple Inheritance,

Multi level Inheritance, Hierarchical Inheritance, Hybrid Inheritance.

Pointers: Introduction to Memory management, new operator and delete operator, Pointers to objects,

Pointers to Derived Classes.

Unit - IV

Virtual Functions and Polymorphism:

Polymorphism, Compile time polymorphism: Overloading- Function Overloading, Operator overloading,

Run time polymorphism, Virtual Functions.

Exception handling:

Basics of Exception Handling, Types of exceptions, Exception Handing Mechanism, Throwing and Catching

Mechanism.

Unit -V

Templates:

Introduction to Templates, Class Templates, Class Templates with Multiple Parameters, Function Templates,

Function Templates with Multiple Parameters, Standard Template Library Classes: STL Container classes-

Array class, Vector,stack,queue, STL Algorithm classes- Sort, reverse, max, min.

Application Development using C++

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Text Books:

1. Object Oriented Programming with C++ by Balaguruswamy

2. C++, the Complete Reference, 4

Edition, Herbert Schildt,TMH.

References:

1. C++ Primer, 3

Edition, S.B.Lippman and J.Lajoie, Pearson Education.

The C++ Programming Language, 3

Edition, B.Stroutstrup, Pearson Education.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.TECH- I- YEAR- II- SEM –ECE L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0201) BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

OBJECTIVES:

1. This course introduces the basic concepts of electrical circuits & networks and their analysis

which is the foundation for all the subjects in the electrical engineering discipline.

2. The emphasis is laid on the basic elements in electrical circuits.

3. Analysis of Circuits Which Includes Network Analysis & Network Theorems.

4. Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits, Magnetic Circuits and Basic Treatment of Single Phase

Transformers and DC Machines is introduced.

UNIT –I:

Introduction to Electrical Circuits: Concept of Circuit and Network, Types of elements, R-L-C

Parameters, Independent and Dependent sources, Source transformation and Kirchhoff’s Laws

UNIT –II:

Network Analysis: Network Reduction Techniques- Series and parallel connections of resistive

networks, Star–to-Delta and Delta-to-Star Transformations for Resistive Networks, Mesh

Analysis, and Nodal Analysis,

Network Theorems: Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Maximum Power Transfer

theorem and Superposition theorem, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT-III:

Single Phase A.C. Circuits: Average value, R.M.S. value, form factor and peak factor for

sinusoidal wave form, Complex and Polar forms of representation. Steady State Analysis of

series R-L-C circuits. Concept of Reactance, Impedance, Susceptance, Admittance, Phase and

Phase difference, Concept of Power Factor, Real, Reactive and Complex power, Illustrative

Problems.

UNIT –IV:

Electrical Machines (elementary treatment only):

Single phase transformers: principle of operation, constructional features and emf equation.

DC.Generator: principle of operation, constructional features, emf equation. DC Motor:

principle of operation, Back emf, torque equation.

UNIT –V:

Electrical Installations:

Components of LT Switchgear: Switch Fuse Unit (SFU), MCB, ELCB, MCCB, Types of Wires and

Cables, Earthing. Types of Batteries, Important Characteristics for Batteries. Elementary

calculations for energy consumption and battery backup.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Engineering Circuit Analysis – William Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly, S M Durbin, Mc Graw Hill

Companies.

2. Electric Circuits – A. Chakrabarhty, Dhanipat Rai & Sons.

3. Electrical Machines – P.S.Bimbra, Khanna Publishers.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Network analysis by M.E Van Valkenburg, PHI learning publications.

2. Network analysis – N.C Jagan and C. Lakhminarayana, BS publications.

3. Electrical Circuits by A. Sudhakar, Shyammohan and S Palli, Mc Graw Hill Companies.

4. Electrical Machines by I.J. Nagrath & D. P. Kothari, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishers.

OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course the student would get

1. A thorough knowledge of the basic RLC circuit elements

2. Understanding of the basic concepts of networks and circuits with RLC

3. Concepts of single phase AC circuits

4. Network theorems and their application to solve problems in Network analysis

5. Fundamentals Of Constructional Details And Principle Of Operation Of DC Machines And

Transformers

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B.TECH- I YEAR – II- SEM – ECE L T/P/D C

- -/4/- 2

(R18A0083) ENGINEERING PHYSICS/ CHEMISTRY LAB

(Any 8 experiments compulsory)

OBJECTIVES

1. The engineering students are exposed in physics lab to understand physical parameters

practically.

2. The list of experiments enables the students to know different branches like mechanics,

optics and electronics.

3. The students are thoroughly trained in learning practical skills by completing all the

experiments in physics lab.

This course on physics lab is designed with 10 experiments in an academic year. It is common to

all branches of Engineering in B.Tech 1

year.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: (Any eight experiments compulsory)

1. Torsional pendulum-Rigidity modulus of given wire.

2. Melde’s experiment –Transverse and Longitudinal modes.

3. Stewart and Gee’s method- Magnetic field along the axis of current carrying coil.

4. Spectrometer-Dispersive power of the material of a prism

5. Diffraction grating-using laser –Wave length of light.

6. Newton’s Rings –Radius of curvature of Plano convex lens.

7. C-R circuit – Time Constant of RC circuit

8. Characteristics of LED.

9. Characteristics of a Solar cell.

10. Evaluation of numerical aperture of optical fiber.

Reference practical physics books:

1. Practical physics by Dr. Aparna, V.G.S.publications.

2. Engineering physics practical lab manual – MRCET.

OUTCOMES

1. The students learn the concepts of error, analyze and try to formulate new solutions to the

problems related to engineering physics.

2. B.Tech students basically learning the mechanical behavior of the wire and practically

determining the elastic constant. Transverse and longitudinal waves are practically studied.

Variation of the magnetic fields along with terrestrial magnetism is practically studied.

3. Dispersion of the composite light is clearly observed by the students. Wavelengths of the

source of light/laser are determined experimentally.

4. Opto electronic devices and their working are practically realized by the students. In

addition the functioning of optical fiber is practically studied.

5. The students learn experimental skills to design new experiments suitable for requirements

in different fields(industrial, medical, scientific fields etc.)

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

(R18A0083) ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LAB

(Any Eight Experiment Compulsory)

OBJECTIVES

This course on chemistry lab is designed with 10 experiments in an academic year. It is common

to all branches of Engineering in 1

B.Tech.

The objective of the course is that the student will have exposure to various experimental skills

which is very essential for an Engineering student. At the end of the course the student is

expected to

1. Provide the students with a solid foundation in chemistry laboratory required to solve engineering problems.

2. Practical implementation of fundamental concepts.

3. The students are thoroughly trained in learning practical skills by completing all the experiments in chemistry lab.

List of Experiments

Titrimetry:

1. Estimation of hardness of water by EDTA method.

Instrumental Methods:

Colorimetry:

2. Determination of Ferrous iron in cement by Colorimetric method

3. Estimation of Copper by Colorimetric method.

Conductometry:

4. Estimation of HCl by Conductometric titrations.

5. Estimation of Acetic acid in a mixture of HCl and Acetic acid by Conductometric titrations.

Potentiometry:

6. Estimation of HCl by Potentiometric titrations.

7. Estimation of Fe

by Potentiometry using KmnO

Preparation:

8. Preparation of Aspirin.

Physical properties:

9. Determination of Viscosity of sample oil by Redwood Viscometer.

10. Determination of Surface Tension of a given liquid by Stalagmometer.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Inorganic quantitative analysis, Vogel

2. A text book on experiments and calculation in Engineering Chemistry by S.S. Dara

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Practical Engineering Chemistry by K. Mukkanti, etal, B.S. Publications, Hyderabad.

2. Text Book of Engineering Chemistry by R. N. Goyal and Harrmendra Goel, Ane Books Private

Ltd.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course students will be able to

1. Estimate the total hardness present in a sample of water.

2. Select lubricants for various purposes and determine the surface tension of a given liquid.

3. Prepare synthetic drug molecule.

4. Determine the strength of an acid by conductometric and potentiometric methods.

5. Find the amount of Fe

and Cu

present in unknown substances using titrimetric and instrumental methods.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B.TECH- I YEAR – II- SEM – ECE L T/P/D C

- -/3/- 1.5

(R18A0582)OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LAB

OBJECTIVES:

1. To strengthen problem solving ability by using the characteristics of an object-oriented

approach.

2. To design applications using object oriented features

3. To handle Exceptions in programs.

4. To teach the student to implement object oriented concepts

Week 1:

Basic C++ Programs

Week2:

a) Write a C++ program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive integer.

b) Write a C++ program to generate the first n terms of the sequence.

Week 3:

a) Write a C++ program to generate all the prime numbers between 1 and n, where n is a

value supplied by the user.

b) Write a C++ program to find both the largest and smallest number in a list of integers.

Week 4:

a) Write a C++ program to sort a list of numbers in ascending order.

b) Write a Program to illustrate New and Delete Keywords for dynamic memory allocation

Week 5

a) Write a program Illustrating Class Declarations, Definition, and Accessing Class

Members.

b) Program to illustrate default constructor, parameterized constructor and copy

constructors

c) Write a Program to Implement a Class STUDENT having Following Members:

Member

Description

Data members

Sname

Name of the student

Marks array

Marks of the student

Total

Total marks obtained

Tmax

Total maximum marks

Member functions

Member

Description

ssign()

Assign Initial Values

compute()

to Compute Total, Average

display()

to Display the Data.

Week 6:

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

a) Write a Program to Demonstrate the i)Operator Overloading.ii) Function Overloading.

b) Write a Program to Demonstrate Friend Function and Friend Class.

Week 7:

a) Write a Program to Access Members of a STUDENT Class Using Pointer to Object Members.

b) Write a Program to Generate Fibonacci Series use Constructor to Initialize the Data

Members.

Week 8:

Revision laboratory

Week 9

Write a C++ program to implement the matrix ADT using a class. The operations supported by

this ADT are:

a) Reading a matrix. B) Addition of matrices. C) Printing a matrix.

d) Subtraction of matrices. E) Multiplication of matrices

Week 10

Write C++ programs that illustrate how the following forms of inheritance are supported:

a)Single inheritance b)Multiple inheritance c)Multi level inheritance d)Hierarchical

inheritance

Week 11

a.)Write a C++ program that illustrates the order of execution of constructors and destructors

when new class is derived from more than one base class.

b) Write a Program to Invoking Derived Class Member Through Base Class Pointer.

Week 12

a) Write a Template Based Program to Sort the Given List of Elements.

b) Write a C++ program that uses function templates to find the largest and smallest

number in a list of integers and to sort a list of numbers in ascending order.

Week 13

a) Write a Program Containing a Possible Exception. Use a Try Block to Throw it and a

Catch Block to Handle it Properly.

b) Write a Program to Demonstrate the Catching of All Exceptions.

Week 14

Revision

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Object Oriented Programming with C++ by Balagurusamy

2. C++, the Complete Reference, 4

Edition, Herbert Schildt, TMH.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

C++ Primer, 3

Edition, S.B.Lippman and J.Lajoie, Pearson Education.

The C++ Programming Language, 3

Edition, B.Stroutstrup, Pearson Education.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ECH- I YEAR – II- SEM – ECE L T/P/D C

- -/3/- 1.5

(R18A0281) BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

OBJECTIVES:

To Design Electrical Systems.

1. To Analyze A Given Network By Applying Various Network Theorems.

2. To Expose The Students To The Operation Of DC Generator

3. To Expose The Students To The Operation Of DC Motor and Transformer.

4. To Examine The Self Excitation In DC Generators.

CYCLE –I

1. Verification of KVL and KCL.

2. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem.

3. Verification of Norton’s theorem.

4. Verification of Superposition theorem.

5. Verification of Maximum power transfer theorem.

6. Verification of Reciprocity theorem.

CYCLE-II

7. Magnetization characteristics of DC shunt generator.

8. Swinburne’s test on DC shunt machine.

9. Brake test on DC shunt motor.

10. OC & SC tests on single phase transformer.

11. Load test on single phase transformer.

NOTE: Any 10 of Above Experiments Are To Be Conducted

OUTCOMES:

After successfully studying this course, students will:

1. Explain the concept of circuit laws and network theorems and apply them to laboratory

measurements.

2. Be able to systematically obtain the equations that characterize the performance of an

electric circuit as well as solving both single phase and DC Machines

3. Acknowledge the principles of operation and the main features of electric machines and

their applications.

4. Acquire skills in using electrical measuring devices.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.TECH- I YEAR – II- SEM – ECE L T/P/D C

2 -/-/- -

(R18A0003) HUMAN VALUES AND SOCIETAL PERSPECTIVE

(Mandatory Course)

OBJECTIVES:

This introductory course input is intended:

1. to help the students appreciate the essential complementarily between ‘VALUES’ and

‘SKILLS’ to ensure sustained happiness and prosperity which are the core aspirations of all

human beings.

2. to facilitate the development of a holistic perspective among students towards life,

profession and happiness, based on a correct understanding of the Human reality and the

rest of Existence. Such a holistic perspective forms the basis of value based living in a

natural way.

3. to highlight plausible implications of such a holistic understanding in terms of ethical

human conduct, trustful and mutually satisfying human ndiana and mutually enriching

interaction with Nature.

UNIT – I:

Course Introduction – Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process for Value Education:

Understanding the need, basic guidelines, content and process for Value Education.

Self Exploration – what is it? – its content and process; ‘Natural Acceptance’ and Experiential

Validation – as the mechanism for self exploration. Continuous Happiness and Prosperity

A look at basic Human Aspirations- Right understanding, Relationship and Physical Facilities –

the basic requirements for fulfillment of aspirations of every human being with their correct

priority.

Understanding Happiness and Prosperity correctly – A critical appraisal of the current scenario.

Method to fulfill the above human aspirations: understanding and living in harmony at various

levels.

UNIT – II:

Understanding Harmony in the Human Being – Harmony in Myself! : Understanding human

being as a co-existence of the sentient ‘I’ and the material ‘Body’.

Understanding the needs of Self (‘I’) and ‘Body’ – Sukh and Suvidha. Understanding the Body as

an instrument of ‘I’ ( I being the doer, seer and enjoyer).

Understanding the harmony of I with the Body: Sanyam and Swasthya; correct appraisal of

Physical needs, meaning of Prosperity in detail. Programs to ensure Sanyam and Swasthya.

UNIT – III:

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society – Harmony in Human – Human

Relationship: Understanding harmony in the Family the basic unit of human interaction.

Understanding values in human – human relationship; meaning of Nyaya and program for its

fulfillment to ensure Ubhay-tripti; Trust (Vishwas) and Respect ( Samman) as the foundational

values of relationship.

Understanding the meaning of Vishwas; Difference between intention and competence.

Understanding the meaning of Samman, Difference between respect and differentiation; the

other salient values in relationship.

Understanding the harmony in the society (society being an extension of family): Samadhan,

Samridhi, Abhay, Sah-astiva as comprehensive Human Goals. Visualizing a universal harmonious

order in society – Undivided Society ( Akhand Samaj), Universal Order (Sarvabhaum Vyawastha)

– from family to world family!

UNIT – IV:

Understanding Harmony in the nature and Existence – Whole existence as Coexistence:

Understanding the harmony in the Nature. Interconnectedness and mutual fulfillment among

the four orders of nature – recyclability and self-regulation in nature.

Understanding Existence as Co-existence (Sah-astitva) of mutually interacting units in all-

pervasive space. Holistic perception of harmony at all levels of existence.

UNIT – V:

Implications of the above Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics: Natural

acceptance of human values, Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct, Basic for Humanistic

Education, Humanistic Constitution and Humanistic Universal Order. Competence in

professional ethics:

a. Ability to utilize the professional competence for augmenting universal human order.

b. Ability to identify the scope and characteristics of people-friendly and eco-friendly

production systems.

c. Ability to identify and develop appropriate technologies and management patterns for

above production systems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. R. R. Gaur, R Sangal, G P Bagaria, 2009, A Foundation Course in Human Values and

Professional Ethics.

2. Prof. K. V. Subba Raju, 2013, Success Secrets for Engineering Students, Smart Student

Publications, 3

Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ivan IIIich, 1974, Energy & Equity, The Trinity Press, Worcester, and HarperCollins, USA

2. E. F. Schumancher, 1973, Small is Beautiful: a study of economics as if people mattered.

Blond & Briggs, Britain.

3. A Nagraj, 1998 Jeevan Vidya ek Parichay, Divya Path Sansthan, Amarkantak.

4. Sussan George, 1976, How the Other Half Dies, Penguin Press, Reprinted 1986, 1991.

5. P. L. Dhar, R. R. Gaur, 1990, Science and Humanism, Commonwealth Publishers.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

6. A. N. Tripathy, 2003, Human Values, New Age International Publishers.

7. Subhas Palekar, 2000, How to practice Natural Farming, Pracheen(Vaidik) Krishi Tantra

Shodh, Amravati.

8. Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows, Jorgen Randers, William W. Behrens III, 1972,

Limits to Growth – Club of Rome’s report, Universe Books.

9. E G Seebauer & Robert L.Berry, 2000, Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists & Engineers,

Oxford University Press.

10. M Govindrajan, S Natrajan & V. S Senthil kumar, Engineering Ethics ( including Humna

Values), Eastern Economy Edition, Prentice Hall of India Ltd.

Relevant CDs, Movies, Documentaries & Other Literature:

1. Value Education website, http://www.uptu.ac.in

2. Story of Stuff, http://www.storyofstuff.com

3. AI Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, Paramount Classics, USA

4. Charle Chaplin, Modern Times, United Artists, USA

5. IIT Delhi, Modern Technology – the Untold Story

OUTCOMES:

1. The students will be able to obtain happiness and prosperity in their life.

2. They will develop harmony at all levels.

3. They can have satisfying human behavior throughout their life.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II B.Tech ECE I Sem L T/P/D C

3 - / - / - 3

(R18A0023) MATHEMATICS – III

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To learn

1. The evaluation of improper integrals, Beta and Gamma functions.

2. Series solutions for Legendre and Bessel differential equations, analyzing the

properties of Legendre and Bessel polynomials.

3. Differentiation and Integration of complex valued functions. Evaluation of integrals

using Cahchy’s integral formula.

4. Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series and Laurent’s series expansions of complex

functions Evaluation of integrals using residue theorem.

5. Transform a given function from z – plane to w – plane. Identify the transformations

like translation, magnification, rotation and reflection and inversion , Properties of

bilinear transformations

UNIT – I

Improper Integration: Beta and Gamma functions – Relation between them, their properties –

Evaluation of Improper Integrals using Beta and Gamma functions.

UNIT – II

Special Functions: Legendre’s Differential equation, General solution of Legendre’s equation,

Legendre polynomials Properties: Rodrigue’s formula – Recurrence relations, Generating

function of Legendre’s polynomials – Orthogonality. Bessel’s Differential equation, Bessel

functions properties: – Recurrence relations, Orthogonality, Generating function ,

Trigonometric expansions involving Bessel functions.

UNIT – III

Complex Functions –Differentiation and Integration: Complex functions and its representation

on Argand plane, Concepts of limit Continuity, Differentiability, Analyticity, Cauchy-Riemann

conditions, Harmonic functions – Milne – Thompson method. Line integral – Evaluation along a

path and by indefinite integration – Cauchy’s integral theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula –

Generalized integral formula.

UNIT – IV

Power series expansions of complex functions and contour Integration: Radius of convergence

– Expansion in Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series and Laurent series. Singular point –Isolated

singular point – pole of order m – essential singularity. Residue – Evaluation of residue by

formula and by Laurent series – Residue theorem. Evaluation of integrals of the type

(a) Improper real integrals (b)

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

UNIT – V

Conformal mapping: Transformation of z-plane to w-plane by a function, Conformal

transformation. Standard transformations- Translation; Magnification and rotation; inversion

and reflection,Transformations like e

, log z, z

, and Bilinear transformation. Properties of

Bilinear transformation, determination of bilinear transformation when mappings of 3 points

are given .

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Engineering Mathematics-3 By T.K.V.Iyengar andB.Krishna Gandhi Etc

REFERENCES:

1. Complex Variables Principles And Problem Sessions By A.K.Kapoor, World Scientific

Publishers

2. A Text Book Of Engineering Mathematics By N P Bali, Manesh Goyal

3. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

After going through this course the student will be able to:

1. Identify Bessel equation and Legendre equation and solve them under special

conditions with the help of series solutions method. Also recurrence relations and

orthogonality properties of Bessel and Legendre polynomials.

2. Analyze the complex functions with reference to their analyticity, Integration using

Cauchy’s integral theorem,

3. Find the Taylor’s and Laurent series expansion of complex functions

4. The conformal transformations of complex functions can be dealt with ease.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II B.Tech ECE I Sem L T/P/D C

3 - / - / - 3

(R18A0401) ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

This is a fundamental course, basic knowledge of which is required by all the circuit branch

engineers. This course focuses:

1. To familiarize the student with the principal of operation, analysis and design of

junction diode. BJT and FET transistors and amplifier circuits.

2. To understand diode as a rectifier.

3. To study basic principal of filter of circuits and various types

UNIT-I

P-N Junction diode: Diode equation, Volt-Ampere characteristics, Temperature dependence of

V-I characteristic, Ideal versus practical –resistance levels (static and dynamic), Transition and

diffusion capacitances, Diode equivalent circuits, Breakdown mechanisms, Diode as – switch,

clipper, clamper

RECTIFIERS: P-N Junction as a rectifier, Half wave rectifier, Full wave rectifier, Bridge rectifier,

Capacitor filter

UNIT-II

BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR: Input and Output characteristics of transistor in Common

Base, Common Emitter, and Common collector configurations. BJT Hybrid Model: h-parameter

representation of a transistor, Operating point, the D.C and A.C Load lines, Fixed bias, Collector

to base bias, Self-bias techniques for stabilization, Stabilization factors, (s, s

, s

), Bias

Compensation using diode and transistor , (Compensation against variation in V

, I

UNIT-III

TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS: Thermal runaway and Thermal stability, Conversion of h-parameters,

Analysis of single stage transistor amplifier using h-parameters: voltage gain, current gain, Input

impedance and Output impedance. Comparison of transistor configurations in terms of A

, R

,and R

UNIT-IV

FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR AND FET AMPLIFIER

JFET-Construction, principle of Operation, Volt –Ampere characteristics, Pinch- off voltage.

Small signal model of JFET. FET as Voltage Variable Resistor, Comparison of BJT and FET.

MOSFET-Construction, Principle of Operation and symbol, MOSFET characteristics in

Enhancement and Depletion modes.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

UNIT V:

FET Amplifiers: FET Biasing, Common source Amplifier, Common Drain Amplifier.

Special purpose Devices: Principal of operation and Characteristics- Zener diode, Tunnel Diode,

Varactar Diode, photo diode, SCR And UJT

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Integrated Electronics Analog Digital Circuits, Jacob Millman and D. Halkias, McGraw Hill.

2. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory, Boylsted, Prentice Hall Publications.

3. Electronic Devices and Circuits, S.Salivahanan,N.Suresh kumar, McGraw Hill.

4. Electronic Devices and Circuits,Balbir kumar ,shail b.jain, PHI Privated Limted, Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits,K.Lal Kishore B.S Publications

2. Electronic Devices and Circuits, G.S.N. Raju, I.K. International Publications, New Delhi, 2006.

3. Electronic Devices and Circuits,A.P Godse, U.A Bakshi , Technical Publications

4. Electronic Devices and Circuits K.S. Srinivasan Anurdha Agencies

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Understand and Analyse the different types of diodes, operation and its characteristics

2. Design and analyse the DC bias circuitry of BJT and FET

3. Design biasing circuits using diodes and transistors.

4. To analyze and design diode application circuits, amplifier circuits and oscillators employing

BJT, FET devices.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0402) SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of the course are:

1. Knowledge of time-domain representation and analysis concepts of basic elementary

signals

2. Knowledge of Fourier Series for Continuous Time Signals

3. Knowledge of frequency-domain representation and analysis concepts F.T., L.T. & Z.T

and Concepts of the sampling process.

4. Mathematical and computational skills needed to understand the principal of Linear

System and Filter Characteristics of a System.

5. Mathematical and computational skills needed to understand the concepts of auto

correlation and cross correlation and power Density Spectrum.

UNIT I:

INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALS: Elementary Signals- Continuous Time (CT) signals, Discrete Time

(DT) signals, Classification of Signals, Basic Operations on signals.

FOURIER SERIES: Representation of Fourier series, Continuous time periodic signals, Dirichlet’s

conditions, Trigonometric Fourier Series, Exponential Fourier Series, Properties of Fourier

series, Complex Fourier spectrum.

UNIT II:

FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of

arbitrary signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Properties of Fourier transforms.

SAMPLING: Sampling theorem – Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals,

impulse sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples,

effect of under sampling – Aliasing.

UNIT III:

SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS: Introduction to Systems, Classification of

Systems, Linear Time Invariant (LTI) systems, impulse response, Transfer function of a LTI

system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a system,

Signal bandwidth, System bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics.

UNIT IV:

CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS: Concept of convolution in time domain, Cross

correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of correlation function, Energy density

spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation between convolution and

correlation.

UNIT V:

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Review of Laplace transforms, Inverse Laplace transform, Concept of

region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, Properties of L.T’s relation between L.T’s,

and F.T. of a signal.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Z–TRANSFORMS: Concept of Z- Transform of a discrete sequence. Distinction between Laplace,

Fourier and Z transforms, Region of convergence in Z-Transform, Inverse Z- Transform,

Properties of Z-transforms.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Signals & Systems”, Special Edition – MRCET, McGraw Hill Publications, 2017

2. Signals, Systems & Communications – B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.

3. Signals and Systems – A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2

Edn.

4. Signals and Systems – A. Anand Kumar, PHI Publications, 3

edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Signals & Systems – Simon Haykin and Van Veen,Wiley, 2

Edition.

Network Analysis – M.E. Van Valkenburg, PHI Publications, 3

Edn., 2000.

Fundamentals of Signals and Systems Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition, 2008.

Signals, Systems and Transforms – C. L. Philips, J. M. Parr and Eve A. Riskin, Pearson

education.3

Edition, 2004.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

After completion of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Understand the basic elementary signals

2. Determine the Fourier Series for Continuous Time Signals

3. Analyze the signals using F.T, L.T & Z.T and study the properties of F.T., L.T. & Z.T.

4. Understand the principal of Linear System and Filter Characteristics of a System.

5. Understand the concepts of auto correlation and cross correlation and power Density

Spectrum.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0403) PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESS

OBJECTIVES:

1. To provide mathematical background and sufficient experience so that student can

read, write and understand sentences in the language of probability theory.

2. To introduce students to the basic methodology of “probabilistic thinking” and apply it

to problems.

3. To understand basic concepts of Probability theory and Random Variables, how to deal

with multiple Random Variables.

4. To understand the difference between time averages statistical averages.

5. To teach students how to apply sums and integrals to compute probabilities, and

expectations.

UNIT I:

Probability and Random Variable

Probability: Set theory, Experiments and Sample Spaces, Discrete and Continuous Sample

Spaces, Events, Probability Definitions and Axioms, Mathematical Model of Experiments, Joint

Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability, Bayes’ Theorem, and Independent Events,

Bernoulli’s trials.

The Random Variable: Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for a Function to be a

Random Variable, Discrete and Continuous, Mixed Random Variable

UNIT II:

Distribution and density functions and Operations on One Random Variable

Distribution and density functions: Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial,

Poisson, Uniform, Exponential Gaussian, Rayleigh and Conditional Distribution, Methods of

defining Conditioning Event, Conditional Density function and its properties, problems.

Operation on One Random Variable: Expected value of a random variable, function of a

random variable, moments about the origin, central moments, variance and skew,

characteristic function, moment generating function, transformations of a random variable,

monotonic transformations for a continuous random variable, non monotonic transformations

of continuous random variable, transformations of Discrete random variable

UNIT III:

Multiple Random Variables and Operations on Multiple Random Variables

Multiple Random Variables: Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function and

Properties, Joint density Function and Properties, Marginal Distribution and density Functions,

conditional Distribution and density Functions, Statistical Independence, Distribution and

density functions of Sum of Two Random Variables and Sum of Several Random Variables,

Central Limit Theorem – Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions

Operations on Multiple Random Variables: Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables,

Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, and

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Jointly Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables case and N Random Variable case,

Properties, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables

UNIT VI:

Stochastic Processes-Temporal Characteristics: The Stochastic process Concept, Classification

of Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions,

Statistical Independence and concept of Stationarity: First-Order Stationary Processes, Second-

Order and Wide-Sense Stationarity, Nth-Order and Strict-Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and

Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic Processes, Correlation-Ergodic Processes Autocorrelation Function

and Its Properties, Cross-Correlation Function and Its Properties, Covariance Functions and its

properties, Gaussian Random Processes.

Linear system Response: Mean and Mean-squared value, Autocorrelation, Cross-Correlation

Functions.

UNIT V:

Stochastic Processes-Spectral Characteristics: The Power Spectrum and its Properties,

Relationship between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, the Cross-Power Density

Spectrum and Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation

Function.

Spectral characteristics of system response: power density spectrum of response, cross power

spectral density of input and output of a linear system

TEXT BOOKS:

Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles –Peyton Z. Peebles, TMH, 4

Edition, 2001.

Probability and Random Processes-Scott Miller, Donald Childers,2Ed,Elsevier,2012

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Theory of probability and Stochastic Processes-Pradip Kumar Gosh, University Press

2. Probability and Random Processes with Application to Signal Processing – Henry Stark

and John W. Woods, Pearson Education, 3

Edition.

3. Probability Methods of Signal and System Analysis- George R. Cooper, Clave D. MC

Gillem, Oxford, 3

Edition, 1999.

4. Statistical Theory of Communication –S.P. Eugene Xavier, New Age Publications 2003

5. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes Athanasios Papoulis and

S.Unnikrishna Pillai, PHI, 4

Edition, 2002.

OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the subject, students will be able to compute:

1. Simple probabilities using an appropriate sample space.

2. Simple probabilities and expectations from probability density functions (pdfs)

3. Likelihood ratio tests from pdfs for statistical engineering problems.

4. Least –square & maximum likelihood estimators for engineering problems.

5. Mean and covariance functions for simple random processes.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0404) SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

This course provides in-depth knowledge of switching theory and the logic design techniques of

digital circuits, which is the basis for design of any digital circuit. The course objectives are:

1. To learn basic techniques for the design of digital circuits and fundamental concepts

used in the design of digital systems.

2. To understand common forms of number representation in digital electronic circuits and

to be able to convert between different representations.

3. To implement simple logical operations using combinational logic circuits

4. To design combinational logic circuits, sequential logic circuits.

5. To impart to student the concepts of sequential circuits, enabling them to analyze

sequential systems in terms of state machines.

6. To implement synchronous state machines using flip-flops.

UNIT –I:

Number System and Boolean Algebra And Switching Functions:

Number Systems, Base Conversion Methods, Complements of Numbers, Codes- Binary Codes,

Binary Coded Decimal Code and its Properties, Unit Distance Codes, Error Detecting and

Correcting Codes, Hamming Code.

Boolean Algebra:

Basic Theorems and Properties, Switching Functions, Canonical and Standard Forms, Algebraic

Simplification of Digital Logic Gates, Properties of XOR Gates, Universal Logic Gates. Multilevel

NAND/NOR realizations.

UNIT –II:

Minimization and Design of Combinational Circuits:

K- Map Method, up to Five variable K- Maps, Don’t Care Map Entries, Prime and Essential prime

Implications, Quine Mc Cluskey Tabular Method, Combinational Design, Arithmetic Circuits,

Comparator, decoder, Encoder, Multiplexers, DeMultiplexers, Code Converters.

UNIT –III:

Sequential Machines Fundamentals:

Introduction, Basic Architectural Distinctions between Combinational and Sequential circuits,

classification of sequential circuits, The binary cell, The S-R-Latch Flip-Flop The D-Latch Flip-Flop,

The “Clocked T” Flip-Flop, The “ Clocked J-K” Flip-Flop, Design of a Clocked Flip-Flop, Conversion

from one type of Flip-Flop to another, Timing and Triggering Consideration.

UNIT –IV:

Sequential Circuit Design and Analysis:

Introduction, State Diagram, Analysis of Synchronous Sequential Circuits, Approaches to the

Design of Synchronous Sequential Finite State Machines, Design Aspects, State Reduction,

Design Steps, Realization using Flip-Flops Counters – Design of Ripple Counter, Synchronous

counter, Ring Counter, Registers, Shift Register.

UNIT –V:

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Sequential Circuits:

Finite state machine- capabilities and limitations ,Mealy and Moore models, , minimization of

completely specified and incompletely specified sequential machines, Partition techniques and

Merger chart methods-concept of minimal cover table.

Algorithmic State Machines:

Salient features of the ASM chart-Simple examples- Weighing machine and Binary multiplier.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Design- Morris Mano, PHI, 3

Edition.

2. Switching Theory and Logic Design-A. Anand Kumar, PHI, 2

Edition.

3. Switching and Finite Automata Theory- Zvi Kohavi & Niraj K. Jha, 3

Edition, Cambridge.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Introduction to Switching Theory and Logic Design – Fredriac J. Hill, Gerald R. Peterson, 3

Ed,John Wiley & Sons Inc.

2. Digital Fundamentals – A Systems Approach – Thomas L. Floyd, Pearson, 2013.

3. Switching Theory and Logic Design – Bhanu Bhaskara –Tata McGraw Hill Publication, 2012

4. Fundamentals of Logic Design- Charles H. Roth, Cengage Leanring, 5

, Edition, 2004.

5. Digital Logic Applications and Design- John M. Yarbrough, Thomson Publications, 2006. 6.

Digital Logic and State Machine Design – Comer, 3

, Oxford, 2013.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the course, student should possess the following skills:

1. Be able to manipulate numeric information in different forms

2. Be able to manipulate simple Boolean expressions using the theorems and postulates of

Boolean algebra and to minimize combinational functions.

3. Be able to design and analyze small combinational circuits and to use standard

combinational functions to build larger more complex circuits.

4. Be able to design and analyze small sequential circuits and to use standard sequential

functions to build larger more complex circuits.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0261) NETWORK ANALYSIS & TRANSMISSION LINES

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

This course introduces the basic concepts of transient analysis of the circuits, the basic two-port

network parameters, design analysis of the filters and attenuators and their use in the circuit

theory, analysis of the locus diagrams, resonance, magnetic circuits. The emphasis of this

course is laid on the basic operation of DC machines which includes DC generators and DC

motors.

UNIT – I:

Transient Analysis (First and Second Order Circuits): Introduction to transient response and

steady state response, Transient response of series –RL, RC RLC Circuits for sinusoidal, square,

ramp and pulse excitations, Initial Conditions, Solution using Differential Equations approach

and Laplace Transform method,

UNIT – II:

Two Port Networks: Impedance Parameters, Admittance Parameters, Hybrid Parameters,

Transmission (ABCD) Parameters, Conversion of one of parameter to another, Conditions for

Reciprocity and Symmetry, Interconnection of two port networks in Series, Parallel and

Cascaded configurations, Image Parameters, Illustrative problems.

UNIT-III:

Locus diagrams, Resonance and Magnetic Circuits: Locus diagrams – Series and Parallel RL, RC,

RLC circuits with variation of various parameters – Resonance-Series and Parallel circuits,

Concept of band width and quality factor.

Magnetic Circuits- Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, Concept of self and mutual

inductance, Dot convention, Coefficient of coupling, Composite magnetic circuits, Analysis of

series and parallel magnetic circuits.

UNIT – IV:

Transmission Lines – I: Types, Parameters, Transmission Line Equations, Primary & Secondary

Constants, Expressions for Characteristics Impedance, Propagation Constant, Phase and Group

Velocities, Infinite Line Concepts, Losslessness/Low Loss Characterization, Distortion –

Condition for Distortionlessness and Minimum Attenuation, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT V:

Transmission Lines – II: SC and OC Lines, Input Impedance Relations, Reflection Coefficient,

VSWR, λ/4, λ 2, λ /8 Lines – Impedance Transformations, Significance of Zmin and Zmax, Smith

Chart – Configuration and Applications, Single Stub Matching, Illustrative Problems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Electrical Circuits – A. Chakrabarhty, Dhanipat Rai & Sons.

2. Network Analysis – N.C Jagan and C. Lakhminarayana, BS publications.

3. A Text book of Electrical Technology by B.L Theraja and A.K Theraja, S.Chand

publications

4. Basic Concepts of Electrical Engineering – PS Subramanyam, BS Publications.

5. Transmission Lines and Networks – Umesh Sinha, Satya prakashan, 2001, (Tech. India

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Publications), New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Engineering Circuits Analysis – William Hayt and Jack E. Kemmerly, Mc Graw Hill

Company, 7

Edition.

Basic Electrical Engineering – S.N. Singh PUI.

Electrical Circuits – David A. Bell, Oxford Printing Press.

Principles of Electrical Engineering by V.K Mehta, Rohit Mehta, S.Chand publications.

Electrical Circuit Analysis – K.S. Suresh Kumar, Pearson Education.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

After going through this course the student gets a thorough knowledge on Transient analysis of

the circuits, filters, attenuators and the operation of DC machines with which he/she can able

to apply the above conceptual things to real world problems and applications

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

- - / 3 /- 1.5

(R18A0481) ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB

PART A: (Only for Viva-voce Examination)

Electronic Workshop Practice (In 3 Lab Sessions):

1. Identification, Specifications, Testing of R, L, C Components (Color Codes),

Potentiometers, Switches (SPDT, DPDT, and DIP), Coils, Gang Condensers, Relays, Bread

Boards, PCB’s

2. Identification, Specifications and Testing of Active Devices, Diodes, BJT’s, Low power

JFET’s, MOSFET’s, Power Transistors, LED’s, LCD’s, SCR, UJT.

3. Study and operation of

i. Multimeters (Analog and Digital)

ii. Function Generator

iii. Regulated Power Supplies

iv. CRO.

PART B: (For Laboratory Examination – Minimum of 10 experiments)

1. P-N junction diode characteristics

2. Zener diode characteristics and Zener as voltage regulator

3. Half –Wave Rectifier with and without filter

4. Full – Wave Rectifier with and without filter

5. Input and output characteristics of transistor in CB configuration

6. Input and output characteristics of transistor in CE configuration

7. FET Characteristics

8. h-parameters of CE configuration

9. Frequency response of CE amplifier

10. Frequency response of CC amplifier

11. Frequency response of common source FET amplifier

12. UJT CHARACTERISITCS

PART C: Equipment required for Laboratories:

1. Regulated Power supplies (RPS) 0-30 V

2. CRO’s 0-20 MHz

3. Function Generators 0-1 MHz

4. Multimeters

5. Decade Resistance Boxes /

Rheostats

6. Decade Capacitance Boxes

7. Ammeters (Analog or Digital) 0-20 Μa, 0-50Μa, 0-100Μa, 0-200Μa, 0-10 Ma

8. Voltmeters (Analog or Digital) 0-50V, 0-100V, 0-250V

Electronic Components

Resistors, Capacitors, BJT’s, LCD’s, SCR’s, UJTs, FET’s,LED’s,

MOSFET’s, Diodes- Ge & Si type, Transistors – NPN, PNP type

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

- - / 3 /- 1.5

(R18A0482) BASIC SIMULATION LAB

Note:

1. All the experiments are to be simulated using MATLAB or equivalent software

2. Minimum of 15 experiments are to be completed

List of experiments:

1. Basic operations on matrices.

2. Generation on various signals and Sequences (periodic and aperiodic), such as unit

impulse, unit step, square, sawtooth, triangular, sinusoidal, ramp, sinc.

3. Operations on signals and sequences such as addition, multiplication, scaling, shifting,

folding, computation of energy and average power.

4. Finding the even and odd parts of signal/sequence and real and imaginary part of signal.

5. Convolution between signals and sequences.

6. Auto correlation and cross correlation between signals and sequences.

7. Verification of linearity properties of a given continuous /discrete system.

8. Verification of time invariance properties of a given continuous discrete system.

9. Computation of unit sample, unit step and sinusoidal response of the given LTI system

and verifying its physical Realizability and stability properties.

10. Gibbs phenomenon.

11. Finding the Fourier transform of a given signal and plotting its magnitude and phase

spectrum.

12. Locating the zeros and poles and plotting the pole zero maps in s-plane and z-plane for

the given transfer function.

13. Generation of Gaussian Noise (real and complex), computation of its mean, M.S. Value

and its skew, kurtosis, and PSD, probability distribution function.

14. Sampling theorem verification.

15. Removal of noise by auto correlation/cross correlation.

16. Verification of Weiner-Khinchine relations.

17. Checking a random process for stationary in wide sense.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

2 -/ - /- -

INTRODUCTION:

MANDATORY COURSE – II

(R18A0004) FOREIGN LANGUAGE-FRENCH

In view of the growing importance of foreign languages as a tool for local

communication in few countries French has been identified as one of the most required

language after English. So the consequent emphasis on training students to acquire

communicative competence in foreign language, the syllabus has been designed to develop

linguistic and communicative competencies of engineering students. In the French classes, the

focus is on the basic speaking skills.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. To improve the basic speaking skills of the French language.

2. To hone the basic sentence constructions in day to day expressions for communication

in their work place.

SYLLABUS

UNIT-I:

Pronunciation guidelines; Single vowels, Vowels and consonants combinations,; Numbers and

Genders; articles verbs and their groups; present tense; adjectives from singular to plural

UNIT-II

Sentences Structures; Prepositions, affirmatives, Negative and, Interrogative Sentences, The

Family, Conversation, Notes on Vocabulary, Grammar, Liaisons and mechanisms.

UNIT-III

D’où viens-tu (Where do you come from); Vocabulary, Conversation, Notes on Vocabulary,

Liaisons Guidelines. Comparer (Comparing); Vocabulary, Conversation, Liaisons, Ordinal

Number up to 100. Grammar.

UNIT-IV

Le temps (Time); Vocabulary, Grammar; Vocabulary related to – The Family, Vocabulary – Some

more grammar.

UNIT-V

French Expressions and Idioms; Day-to-day Life, At Work, about Sports, Specia Events Other

French Flavours; country of wine, ndiana and landscapes; - Québec and Accadie, , pass time in

Suisse, people of france.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Le Nouveau Sans Frontiere-1, Cle International | 2003 |

2. Cahier d’ activit’es ov Le Nouveau Sans Frontiere-1 Cle International | 2003 |

3. Easy French Step-by-step by Myrna Bell Rochester

4. Ultimate French Beginner-Intermediate (Coursebook) By Livid Language

5. Ã L’Aventure: An Introduction to French Language and Francophone Cultures By by Evelyne

Charvier-Berman, Anne C. Cummings.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1. The student will be in a position to speak in French, Which is the second most widely

learned foreign language after English, and the ninth most widely spoken language in

the world. French is also the only language, alongside English, that is taught in every

country in the world.

2. The Student will get the ability to speak French is an advantage on the international job

market.

3. Students with a good level of French are eligible for French government scholarships to

enroll in postgraduate courses in France in any discipline and qualify for internationally

recognized French degrees.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech ECE-II Sem

T/P/D

-/-/-

(R18A0209) CONTROL SYSTEMS

OBJECTIVES

In this course it is aimed to

1. Introduce the principles and applications of control systems in everyday life.

2. The basic concepts of block diagram reduction, transfer function representation, time response and

time domain analysis, solutions to time invariant systems and also deals with the different aspects of

stability analysis of systems in frequency domain and time domain.

UNIT - I:

Introduction: Concept of control system, Classification of control systems - Open loop and closed loop

control systems, Differences, Examples of control systems- Effects of feedback, Feedback

Characteristics.

Transfer Function Representation: Block diagram algebra, Determining the Transfer function from

Block Diagrams, Signal flow graphs(SFG) - Reduction using Mason’s gain formula- Transfer function of

SFG’s.

UNIT - II:

Time Response Analysis: Standard test signals, Time response of first order systems, Characteristic

Equation of Feedback control systems, Transient response of second order systems - Time domain

specifications, Steady state response, Steady state errors and error constants.PID controllers: Effects

of proportional derivative, proportional integral systems on steady state error.

UNIT - III:

Stability Analysis in S-Domain: The concept of stability – Routh-Hurwitz’s stability criterion –

qualitative stability and conditional stability – Limitations of Routh-Hurwitz’s stability.

Root Locus Technique: Concept of root locus - Construction of root locus.

UNIT - IV:

Frequency Response Analysis: Introduction, Frequency domain specifications, Bode plot diagrams-

Determination of Phase margin and Gain margin, Stability analysis from Bode plots, Polar plots.

UNIT - V:

State Space Analysis of Continuous Systems: Concepts of state, state variables and state model,

Derivation of state models from block diagrams, Diagonalization, Solving the time invariant state

equations, State Transition Matrix and it’s properties, Concepts of Controllability and observability.

TEXT BOOKS:

Control Systems Engineering - I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age International (P) Limited,

Publishers.

Control Systems - A. Ananad Kumar, PHI.

Control Systems Engineering by A. Nagoor Kani, RBA Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Control Systems Theory and Applications - S. K. Bhattacharya, Pearson.

Control Systems Engineering - S. Palani, TMH.

Control Systems - N. K. Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers.

Control Systems by S.Hasan Saeed, KATSON BOOKS.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Solutions and Problems of Control Systems by A.K. Jairath, CBS Publishers.

OUTCOMES

After going through this course the student gets

1. A thorough knowledge on open loop and closed loop control systems, concept of feedback in

control systems.

2. Transfer function representation through block diagram algebra and signal flow graphs.

3. Time response analysis of different ordered systems through their characteristic equation.

4. Time domain specifications, stability analysis of control systems in s-domain through R-H criteria.

5. Root locus techniques, frequency response analysis through Bode diagrams, Nyquist, Polar plots.

6. The basics of state space analysis, design of lag, lead compensators, with which he/she can able to

apply the above conceptual things to real world electrical and electronics problems and applications.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0405) ANALOG CIRCUITS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of the course are:

1. Study about Wave shaping concepts of both linear and non‐linear circuits.

2. Study about the designing of multivibrators.

3. Study about Time Base Generator, understanding sampling gates and Logic Gates.

4 .Analysis of basic transistor amplifier circuits and their frequency response characteristics,

feedback amplifiers, oscillators, large signal amplifiers

UNIT –I:

BJT Amplifiers‐Frequency Response: Frequency response of an amplifier, Analysis at low and

High Frequencies, Hybrid‐pi (π) common emitter transistor model, validity of hybrid‐ π model,

variation of hybrid – π parameters, Millers theorem and its dual, the CE short circuit current

gain, current gain with resistive load, gain‐bandwidth product.

Multistage Amplifiers: Distortion in amplifiers, Analysis of cascaded BJT amplifier, Darlington

pair, Coupling schemes‐RC coupled amplifier, Transformer coupled amplifier, Direct coupled

Amplifier.

UNIT –II:

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS: Concept of Feedback and types, Effects of negative feedback on

amplifiers characteristics, voltage series, current series, current shunt, and voltage shunt

feedback amplifiers.

OSCILLATORS: Classification of oscillators, Barkhausen criterion, RC phase shift oscillator,

Wein‐bridge oscillator, LC oscillators‐ Hartley and Colpitts oscillator.

UNIT III

LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS: Classification, Distortion in amplifiers, class A large signal

amplifiers, efficiency of class A amplifier, class B power amplifier, efficiency of class B amplifier,

class B push pull amplifier, Complementary symmetry class B push pull amplifiers, class AB

push pull amplifier, Single Tuned Amplifier, Principles of Staggered Tuning.

UNIT IV

MULTIVIBRATORS: Transistor as a switch, switching times of a transistor. Analysis of Bistable,

Monostable and Astable Multivibrators, Schmitt trigger using transistors.

UNIT –V

TIME BASE GENARATORS: General features of a Time Base Signal, Methods of Generating Time

Base Wave forms, Basic Principles of Transistor Miller and Bootstrap Time Base Generator,

Current Time Base Generator.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms ‐ J. Millman and H. Taub, McGraw‐Hill, 1991.

2. Integrated Electronics‐Jacob Millman and Christos C. Halkias,1991 Ed ‐2008,TMH.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Pulse and Digital Circuits – A. Anand Kumar, PHI, 2005.

2. Pulse, Digital Circuits and Computer Fundamentals ‐ R.Venkataraman.

3. Microelectric Circuits‐Sedra and Smith‐5 Ed., 2009, Oxford University press.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

4. Electronic Circuit Analysis‐K.LalKishore, 2004, BSP.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the student will be able to;

1. Understand the concepts of wave shaping circuits

2. Design of multivibrators for various applications,

3. Understand the concepts of Time Base Generators , sampling gates and logic gates

4. Analyzed the different types of amplifiers and oscillators

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0406) ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS & WAVES

OBJECTIVES

The course objectives are:

1. To introduce the student to the coordinate system and its implementation to electromagnetics.

2. To elaborate the concept of electromagnetic waves and their practical applications.

3. To study the propagation, reflection, and refraction of plane waves in different media.

UNIT - I:

Vector Analysis & Co-ordinate system: Vector analysis- Representation, operations-Dot product and cross

product, Basics of coordinate system- rectangular, cylindrical and spherical co-ordinate systems.

Electrostatics-I: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity - Fields due to Different Charge Distributions, Electric

Flux Density; Illustrative Problems.

UNIT - II:

Electrostatics-II:

Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential, Relations Between E and V, Maxwell's Equations for

Electrostatic Fields, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and Homogeneous Dielectrics, Continuity Equation,

Relaxation Time, Poisson's and Laplace's Equations, Boundary conditions-conductor-Dielectric and

Dielectric-Dielectric; Illustrative Problems.

UNIT - III:

Magnetostatics: Biot - Savart's Law , Ampere's Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux Density,

Maxwell's Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials, Ampere’s Force law ,

Faraday's Law, Displacement Current Density, Maxwell's Equations for time varying fields, Illustrative

Problems.

UNIT - IV:

EM Wave Characteristics-I : Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media, Uniform Plane

Waves - Definition, Relation Between E & H, Wave Propagation in Lossless and Conducting Media, Wave

Propagation in Good Conductors and Good Dielectrics, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT - V:

EM Wave Characteristics – II: Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal incidence for both perfect

Conductors and perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection, Surface

Impedance, Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem – Applications, Illustrative Problems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Elements of Electromagnetics - Matthew N. O. Sadiku, 4th., Oxford Univ. Press.

2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems - E.C. Jordan and K. G. Balmain, 2nd Ed., 2000, PHI.

3. Engineering Electromagnetic - William H. Hay Jr. and John A. Buck, 7thEd., 2006, TMH

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

REFERENCES BOOKS:

1. Engineering Electromagnetics - Nathan Ida, 2ndEd., 2005, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Electromagnetic Waves and Transmission Lines-Y Mallikarjuna Reddy, University Press.

3. Electromagnetics Fields Theory and Transmission Lines - G. Dashibhushana Rao, Wiley India, 2013.

OUTCOMES

Upon the successful completion of the course, students will be able to;

1. Study time varying Maxwell equations and their applications in electromagnetic problems

2. Determine the relationship between time varying electric and magnetic field and electromotive force

3. Use Maxwell equation to describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves

4. Demonstrate the reflection and refraction of waves at boundaries

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0407) ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

Emphasize on the study of principles of communication theory.

Focus on the fundamentals of communication system.

Introduce the techniques of transmitting and receiving information signals using analog

carrier modulation techniques (AM, FM, PM) and evaluate their performance levels

(SNR) in the presence of channel noise.

Establish foundation for understanding the relationship among various technical factors

useful in the design & operation of a communication system.

UNIT I

AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Introduction to communication system, Need for modulation,

Frequency Division Multiplexing , Amplitude Modulation: Definition, Time domain and

frequency domain description, single tone modulation, power relations in AM waves,

Generation of AM waves: square law Modulator, Switching modulator, Detection of AM Waves:

Square law detector, Envelope detector.

DSB-SC modulation: Double side band suppressed carrier modulation, time domain and

frequency domain description, Generation of DSBSC Waves: Balanced Modulators, Ring

Modulator, Detection of DSBSC waves: Coherent detection, COSTAS Loop.

Radio Transmitters- Classification of Transmitters, AM Transmitter Block diagram and

explanation of each block.

UNIT II

SSB MODULATION: Frequency domain description, Frequency discrimination method for

generation of AM SSB Modulated Wave, Hilbert Transform & its Properties, Time domain

description, Phase discrimination method for generating AM SSB Modulated waves.

Demodulation of SSB Waves.

Vestigial side band modulation: Frequency description, Generation of VSB Modulated wave,

Time domain description, Envelope detection of a VSB Wave plus Carrier, Comparison of AM

Techniques, Applications of different AM Systems.

UNIT III

ANGLE MODULATION: Basic concepts, Frequency Modulation: Single tone frequency

modulation, Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM,

Constant Average Power, Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave. Generation of FM Waves:

Indirect FM, Direct FM: Varactor Diode and Reactance Modulator. Detection of FM Waves:

Balanced Frequency discriminator, Zero crossing detector, Phase locked loop, Comparison of

FM & AM. , Pre-emphasis & de-emphasis, FM Transmitter block diagram and explanation of

each block.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

UNIT IV

NOISE: Noise in communication System, White Noise, Narrowband Noise –In phase and

Quadrature phase components. Noise Bandwidth, Noise Figure, Noise Temperature, Noise in

DSB& SSB System Noise in AM System, Noise in Angle Modulation System, and Threshold effect

in Angle Modulation System.

UNIT V

RECEIVERS: Radio Receiver, Receiver Types: Tuned radio frequency receiver, Superhetrodyne

receiver- RF section, Frequency mixers, tracking, Intermediate frequency, AGC. Receiver

Parameters & Characteristics, FM Receiver and its comparison with AM Receiver.

PULSE MODULATION: Types of Pulse modulation, PAM: Generation (Single polarity, double

polarity) and Demodulation. PWM: Generation & demodulation of PWM, PPM, Generation and

demodulation of PPM.

TEXTBOOKS:

Communication Systems- Simon Haykin, 2

Edition, Wiley Publications.

Communication Systems – B.P. Lathi, BS Publication, 2006.

Principles of Communication Systems – H Taub & D. Schilling, Gautam Sahe, TMH, 2007

Edition.

REFERENCES:

1. Electronics & Communication System – George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, TMH 2004.

2. Communication Systems Second Edition – R.P. Singh, SP Sapre, TMH, 2007.

3. Analog & Digital Communication – K.Sam Shanmugam, Wiley 2005

4. Fundamentals of Communication Systems – John G. Proakis, Masond, Salehi PEA, 2006.

5. Electronic Communication Systems- Modulation & Transmission- Robert J.Schoenbeck,

Edition, PHI

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the students will be able to

Understand the principles of communication theory.

Focus on the fundamentals of communication system.

Introduce the techniques of transmitting and receiving information signals using analog

carrier modulation techniques (AM, FM, PM) and evaluate their performance levels

(SNR) in the presence of channel noise.

Establish foundation for understanding the relationship among various technical factors

useful in the design & operation of a communication system.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0061) MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

Course Objectives:

 To enable the student to understand and appreciate, with a practical insight, the importance of

certain basic issues governing the business operations that are needed for sound economic decision

making.

 The main purpose is to provide inputs on an overall analysis of an individual firm namely: demand

and supply, production function, cost analysis, markets etc.

 To understand and analyse the financial formats of the organisation for smooth running of the

business.

Course Outcomes:

Students should be able,

 To understand the basic economic principles, forecast demand and supply.

 To estimate cost and understand market structure, pricing practices.

 To interpret the financial results of the organisation.

Unit-I

Introduction to Managerial Economics: Definition, Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics, Micro

and Macroeconomic Concepts.

Demand Analysis: Demand Determinants, Law of Demand and exceptions.

Elasticity of Demand: Definition, Types, Measurement and Significance of elasticity of Demand.

Demand Forecasting: Factors governing Demand Forecasting, Methods of Demand Forecasting (Survey

Methods, Expert Opinion, Test Marketing, Controlled Experience, Judgemental Approach, and Time

Series Analysis).

Unit-II

Production & Cost Analysis: Production Function- Isocost and Isoquants, MRTS, Least Cost Combination

of Inputs, Cobb-Douglas Production Function, Laws of Returns, Internal and External Economies of

Scale.

Cost Analysis: Cost Concepts. Break-Even Analysis (BEA) - Determination of Break-Even Point (Simple

Problems)

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

Unit-III

Markets: Types of Competition and Markets, Features of Perfect Competition, Monopoly and

Monopolistic Competition;

Pricing: Objectives, Methods of Pricing;

Business: Features of different forms of Business Organisation (Sole Trader, Partnership, Joint Stock

Company, Cooperative Society, and Public Enterprises).

Unit-IV

Introduction to Capital and Financial Accounting: Need for Capital, Types of Capital, Working Capital

Analysis, Methods and Sources of raising Finance.

Accounting: Definition, Concepts and Conventions (GAAP); Accounting Cycle; Formats for preparation

of Trial Balance and Final Accounts (Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet).

Unit-V

Investment Decision: Capital Budgeting - Features, Objectives, and Methods (Payback Method,

Accounting Rate of Return and Net Present Value) - advantages & disadvantages. (Simple Problems)

Financial Analysis: Analysis and Interpretation of Liquidity Ratios, Activity Ratios, Capital Structure

Ratios and Profitability Ratios. (Simple Problems)

References:

 Managerial Economics & Financial Analysis, Special Edition-MRCET. McGraw Hill Publications, 2017

 D.N. Dwivedi, Managerial Economics, Vikas Publications.

 Justin Paul, Leena, Sebastian, Managerial Economics, Cengage

 P. L. Mehta, Managerial Economics: Analysis, Problems and Cases, Sultan Chand & Sons.

 S. N. Maheswari & S. K. Maheswari, Financial Accounting, Vikas Publications.

 M. Y. Khan and P. K. Jain, Financial Management, McGraw Hill

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

- - / 3 /- 1.5

(R18A0483) ANALOG CIRCUITS LAB

Part – I: Electronic Circuits

Minimum eight experiments to be conducted:

Design and Simulation in Simulation Laboratory using

any

Simulation

Software.

(Minimum 6 Experiments):

Common Emitter Amplifier.

Common Source Amplifier.

Two Stage RC Coupled Amplifier

Current shunt and Voltage Feedback Amplifier

Cascade Amplifier.

Wien Bridge Oscillator using Transistors

RC Phase Shift Oscillator using Transistors

Class A Power Amplifier (Transformer less)

Class B Complementary Symmetry Amplifier

10. Common base (BJT) / Common gate(JFET) Amplifier.

II) Testing in the Hardware Laboratory (Minimum 2 Experiments):

1. Class A Power Amplifier (with transformer load)

2. Class C Power Amplifier

3. Single Tuned Voltage Amplifier

4. Hartley & Colpitt’s Oscillators

5. Darlington Pair

6. MOS Common Source Amplifier

Equipments required for Laboratories:

1. For software simulation of Electronic circuits

i. Computer Systems with latest specifications

ii. Connected in LAN (Optional)

iii. Operating system (Windows XP)

iv. Suitable Simulations software

2. For Hardware simulations of Electronic Circuits

i. Regulated Power Supply (0-30V)

ii. CROs

iii. Functions Generators

iv. Multimeters

v. Components

3. Windows XP/ Linux etc.

Part – II: Pulse Circuits

Minimum eight experiments to be conducted:

1. Linear Wave Shaping.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

a. RC Low Pass Circuit for different time constants.

b. RC High Pass Circuit for different time constants.

2. Non – Linear Wave Shaping.

a. Transfer Characteristics and response of Clippers:

i. Positive and Negative Clippers

ii. Clipping at two independent levels

b. The Steady state output waveform of clsmpers for a square wave input

i. Positive and Negative Clampers

ii. Clamping at reference voltage

3. Comparison Operation of Comparators

4. Switching characteristics of a transistor

5. Design a Bistable Multivibrator and draw its waveforms

6. Design a Astable Multivibrator and draw its waveforms

7. Design a Monostable Multivibrator and draw its waveforms

8. UJT relaxation Oscillator

Equipment required for Laboratories:

1. Regulated Power Supply (0-30V)

2. CROs

3. Functions Generators

4. Multimeters

5. Components

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

- - / 3 /- 1.5

(R18A0484) ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS LAB

Note: Minimum 12 Experiments should be conducted:

All these experiments are to be simulated first using MATLAB, Comsim or any other simulation

package and then to be realized in hardware.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Amplitude modulation and demodulation.

2. DSB-SC Modulator & Detector.

3. SSB-Sc Modulator & Detector (Phase Shift Method).

4. Frequency modulation and demodulation.

5. Study of spectrum analyzer and analysis of AM and FM Signals.

6. Pre-emphasis & de-emphasis.

7. Frequency Division Multiplexing & De multiplexing.

8. Verification of Sampling Theorem.

9. Pulse Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation.

10. Pulse Width Modulation & Demodulation.

11. Pulse Position Modulation & Demodulation.

12. Frequency Synthesizer.

13. AGC Characteristics.

14. PLL as FM Demodulator.

Equipment required for the Laboratory:

1. RPS - 0-30 V.

2. CRO - 0-20 M Hz.

3. Function Generators - 0-1 M Hz.

4. RF Generators - 0-1000 M Hz./0-100 MHz.

5. Multimeters.

6. Lab Experimental kits for Analog Communication.

7. Radio Receiver/TV Receiver Demo kits or Trainees.

8. Spectrum Analyzer – 60 M Hz.

9. Any one Simulation Package.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. II Sem L T/P/D C

2 -/-/- 0

COURSE OBJECTIVES

MANDATORY COURSE – III

(R18A0014) ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

We as human being are not an entity separate from the environment around us rather we are a

constituent seamlessly integrated and co-exist with the environment around us. We are not an

entity so separate from the environment that we can think of mastering and controlling it

rather we must understand that each and every action of ours reflects on the environment and

vice versa. Ancient wisdom drawn from Vedas about environment and its sustenance reflects

this ethos. There is a direct application of this wisdom even in modern times. Idea of an activity-

based course on environment protection is to sensitize the students on the above issues

through following two type of activities.

UNIT I- ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ECOSYSTEMS

Environmental education: Definition and objective. Origin of Environmental sciences from

Vedas, Structure and function of an ecosystem, Food chain and Food Web, Ecological Pyramids,

Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification.

*Activity: Poster making/Seminar/ Slogans making/ Group discussion on importance of

Environmental Education

UNIT II- NATURAL RESOURCES

Introduction: definition, Forest resources- Uses, Causes and consequences of deforestation,

Water resources-Sources and Uses of Water, Benefits and problems of DAMs, Energy

resources-Renewable and Non-renewable energy resources.

*Activity: Poster making/Seminar/ Slogans making/ Group discussion on Natural Resources

UNIT III- ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Environmental segments – structure and composition of atmosphere. Pollution – Sources,

effects and control of Air, water. Climate change-ozone layer depletion, Global

warming/greenhouse effect.

*Activity: Poster making/Seminar/ Slogans making/ Group discussion on Environmental

pollution.

UNIT IV- WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste management: sources, effects and control of municipal waste, bio medical waste –

waste management and E-waste.

*Activity: Poster making/Seminar/ Slogans making/ Group discussion on Cleanliness,

segregation of waste and Swacha-Bharath.

UNIT V- Social Issues and the Environment

Concept, threats and strategies of sustainable development, Water conservation-rain water

harvesting, Energy conservation, Green activities.

*Activity: Poster making/Seminar/ Slogans making/ Group discussion on Social Issues and the

Environment.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

TEXT BOOKS:

Environmental Studies by Anubha Kaushik, 4

Edition, New age international

Publishers.

Text book of Environmental Science and Technology – Dr. M. Anji Reddy 2007, BS

Publications.

Environmental Studies by R. Rajagopalan, Oxford University Press.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Environmental Science: towards a sustainable future by Richard T.Wright. 2008 PHL

Learning Private Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Environmental Engineering and science by Gilbert M.Masters and Wendell P. Ela .2008 PHI

Learning Pvt. Ltd.

3. Environmental Science by Daniel B.Botkin & Edward A.Keller, Wiley INDIA edition.

4. Principles of Environmental Science by William . P. Cunnningham & Mary Inn Cunnningham

Tata McGRAW –Hill Publishing Company Ltd.

5. Environmental Studies by S. Rama Lakshmi & Purnima Smarath Kalyani Publishers.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Based on this course, the Engineering graduate will understand /evaluate / develop

technologies on the basis of Ecological principles and environmental regulations which in turn

help in sustainable development. Understand the complex relationships between natural and

human systems.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

OPEN ELECTIVE - I

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

OPEN ELECTIVE I

S.NO

SUBJECT CODE

SUBJECT

R18A0451

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

R18A0551

DATA BASE SYSTEMS

R18A0553

DATA STRUCTURES USING PYTHON

R18A0351

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

R18A0352

GREEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

R18A0555

DATA VISUALIZATION

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE - I

(R18A0451) DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of the course are:

1. To introduce basic postulates of Boolean algebra and shows the correlation between

Boolean expressions.

2. To introduce the methods for simplifying Boolean expressions.

3. To outline the formal procedures for the analysis and design of combinational and

sequential circuits.

4. To introduce the concept of memories and programmable logic devices.

5. To illustrate the concept of synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits.

UNIT I

BINARY SYSTEMS AND LOGIC GATES:

Binary Systems: The Advantage of Binary, Number Systems, The Use of Binary in Digital

Systems,

AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR and Exclusive-NAND implementations

of Logic Functions using gates, NAND-NOR implementations.

UNIT II

MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES:

Minimization Techniques: Boolean postulates and laws-De-Morgan’s Theorem-Principle of

Duality-Boolean expression-Minimization of Boolean expressions-Minterm-Maxterm-Sum of

Products (SOP)-Product of Sums (POS)-Karnaugh map minimization-Don’t care conditions-Quine

Mc-Cluskey method of minimization.

UNIT III

COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS:

Design Procedure-Half Adder-Full Adder-Half Subtractor-Full Subtractor-Parallel binary adder-

Parallel Binary Subtractor-Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer-Decoder-Encoder.

UNIT IV

SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS:

Latches, Flip-flops-SR, JK, D, T and Master-Slave-Characteristic table and equation-Application

Table-Edge Triggering-Level Triggering-Realization of one flip-flop using other flip-flops-serial

adder/subtractor-Asynchronous Counter-Asynchronous Up/Down Counter, Decade counter-

Synchronous Counters-Synchronous Up/Down Counters, Decade Counters

UNIT V

MEMORY DEVICES:

Classification of Memories-ROM_ROM Organization, PROM-EPROM-EEPROM-EAPROM, RAM-

RAM Organization-Write operation-Read Operation-Programmable Logic Devices-

Programmable Logic Array (PLA), Programmable Array Logic (PAL)-Implementation of

combinational logic circuits suing ROM, PLA, PAL.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

TEXT BOOK:

M Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, 4

Edition, Prentice Hall of India PVt., Ltd.,

2008/Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.

Donald P Leach and Albert Paul Malvino, “Digital Principles and Applications”, 6

Edition,

TMH, 2006.

REFERENCES:

1. John F Wakerly. “Digital Design, Fourth Edition, Pearson/PHI, 2008

2. John M Yarbrough, “Digital Logic Applications and Design”, Thomson Learning, 2006

3. Charles H Roth, “Fundamentals of Logic Design”, 6

Edition, Thomson Learning, 2013

4. Thomas L Floyd, “Digital Fundamentals”, 10

Edition, Pearson Education Inc, 2011.

5. Donald D Givone, “Digital Principles and Design”, TMH, 2003.

COURSE OUTCOMES

After the completion of the course, the student will be able to:

1) Analyze different methods used for simplification of Boolean expressions

2) Design and implement Combinational and Sequential circuits.

3) Design and implement Synchronous and Asynchronous Sequential Circuits

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE - I

(R18A0551) DATABASE SYSTEMS

OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the basic concepts and the applications of database systems

2. To Master the basics of SQL and construct queries using SQL

3. To understand the relational database design principles

4. To become familiar with the basic issues of transaction processing and concurrency

control

5. To become familiar with database storage structures and access techniques

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION

Data- Database: File Processing System Vs DBMS, History, Characteristic-Three schema

Architecture of a database, Functional components of a DBMS.DBMS Languages-Database users

and DBA.

UNIT II: DATABASE DESIGN

ER Model: Objects, Attributes and its Type. Entity set and Relationship set-Design Issues of ER

model-Constraints. Keys-primary key, Super key, candidate keys. Introduction to relational

model-Tabular, Representation of Various ER Schemas. ER Diagram Notations- Goals of ER

Diagram- Weak Entity Set- Views.

UNIT III: STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE

SQL: Overview, The Form of Basic SQL Query -UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT– join operations:

equi join and non equi join-Nested queries - correlated and uncorrelated- Aggregate Functions-

Null values.

UNIT IV - DEPENDENCIES AND NORMAL FORMS

Importance of a good schema design,:- Problems encountered with bad schema designs,

Motivation for normal forms- functional dependencies, -Armstrong's axioms for FD's- Closure of

a set of FD's,- Minimal covers-Definitions of 1NF,2NF, 3NF and BCNF- Decompositions and

desirable properties -

UNIT V:

Transactions: Transaction concept, transaction state, System log, Commit point, Desirable

Properties of a Transaction, concurrent executions, serializability, recoverability,

implementation of isolation, transaction definition in SQL, Testing for serializability,

Serializability by Locks-Locking Systems with Several Lock Modes-Concurrency Control by

Timestamps, validation.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan,” Database System Concepts”, McGraw-

Hill, 6th Edition , 2010.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

2. Fundamental of Database Systems, by Elmasri, Navathe, Somayajulu, and Gupta, Pearson

Education.

REFERENCES:

1. Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke, “Database Management System”, McGraw Hill.,

3rd Edition 2007.

2. Elmasri&Navathe,”Fundamentals of Database System,” Addison-Wesley Publishing, 5th

Edition, 2008.

3. Date.C.J, “An Introduction to Database”, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 8th Edition, 2006.

4. Peter rob, Carlos Coronel, “Database Systems – Design, Implementation, and

Management”, 9th Edition, Thomson Learning, 2009.

OUTCOMES

1. Demonstrate the basic elements of a relational database management system

2. Ability to identify the data models for relevant problems

3. Ability to design entity relationship and convert entity relationship diagrams into RDBMS

and formulate SQL queries on the respect data

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

100

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE - I

(R18A0351) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this course is to provide the knowledge on International IPR’s and to

make students efficient to take decisions in Global Corporate.

Unit-I

Introduction: Intellectual property rights basics, the role and value of IP in international

commerce, Issues affecting IP internationally. Agreement on trade related aspects of

Intellectual Property Rights. (TRIPS) - Agreement on TRIPS and India.

Unit-II

Parties to IP Rights: Owner, customer, authorized user, licensee, attorney, protection of the

weak and strong, finalizing ownership and use rights.

Unit-III

Ensuring the value of IP: Ensuring the value of IP at creation stage, after creation stage, precise

contractual protection of IP rights. Key issues related to IP internationally. IP rights in

international forums. Fundamentals in Country legal systems, generalities. Validity of IP rights

locally: specifics.

Unit-IV

Managing IP Rights: Acquiring IP Rights: letters of instruction, joint collaboration agreement,

work made for hire agreement - Protecting IP Rights: non disclosure agreement, cease and

desist letter, settlement memorandum. Transferring IP Rights: assignment contract, license

agreement, deed of assignment or license agreement, addendum to unrecorded assignment or

license.

Unit-V

Remedies and IPR Evaluation - GATT - WTO - Role of WTO in solving IPR issues.

REFERENCES:



A short course in International Intellectual Property Rights – Karla C. Shippey, World Trade

Press – 2

Edition.



Intellectual Property Rights – Heritage, Science, & Society under international treaties – A.

Subbian, - Deep & Deep Publications – New Delhi.



Intellectual Property Rights: N K Acharya: ISBN: 9381849309



Intellectual Property Rights: C B Raju : ISBN-8183870341



Intellectual Property : Examples and Explanation – Stephen M McJohn, 2/e, ISBN-13: 978-

0735556652



Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy – Keith E Maskus, PIIE, ISBN paper 0-

88132-282-2

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

101

COURSE OUTCOMES

It allows students how to prepare and protect the Inventions , start up ideas and rights

of patents and copy rights etc.,

This subject brings awareness to the students the basic legal aspects at present

following at Global level.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

102

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE - I

(R18A0352) GREEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. The course aims to highlight the significance of alternative sources of energy.

2. Green energy systems and processes and provides the theory and working principles of

probable sources of renewable and green energy systems that are environmental

friendly.

UNIT-I

Introduction:

Solar Radiation: Role and potential of new and renewable sources, the solar energy option,

Environmental impact of solar power, structure of the sun, the solar constant, sun-earth

relationships, coordinate systems and coordinates of the sun, extraterrestrial and terrestrial

solar radiation, solar radiation on titled surface, instruments for measuring solar radiation and

sun shine, solar radiation data, numerical problems. Photo voltaic energy conversion –

types of PV cells, I-V characteristics.

Solar Energy Collection: Flat plate and concentrating collectors, classification of concentrating

collectors, orientation and thermal analysis, advanced collectors.

UNIT – II

Solar Energy Storage And Applications: Different methods, sensible, latent heat and stratified

storage, solar ponds, solar applications- solar heating/cooling technique, solar distillation and

drying, solar cookers, central power tower concept and solar chimney.

Wind Energy: Sources and potentials, horizontal and vertical axis windmills, performance

characteristics, betz criteria, types of winds, wind data measurement.

UNIT – III

Bio-Mass: Principles of bio-conversion, anaerobic/aerobic digestion, types of bio-gas digesters,

gas yield, combustion characteristics of bio-gas, utilization for cooking, bio fuels,

I.C. engine operation and economic aspects.

Geothermal Energy: Resources, types of wells, methods of harnessing the energy, potential in

India.

Ocean Energy: OTEC, Principles of utilization, setting of OTEC plants,thermodynamic cycles.

Tidal and wave energy: Potential and conversion techniques, mini-hydel power plants, and their

economics.

UNIT –IV

Energy Efficient Systems: (A) Electrical Systems: Energy efficient motors, energy efficient

lighting and control, selection of luminaire, variable voltage variable frequency drives

(adjustable speed drives), controls for HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning),

demand site management.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

103

(B) Mechanical Systems: Fuel cells- principle, thermodynamic aspects, selection of fuels &

working of various types of fuel cells, Environmental friendly and Energy efficient compressors

and pumps.

UNIT-V

Energy Efficient Processes: Environmental impact of the current manufacturing practices and

systems, benefits of green manufacturing systems, selection of recyclable and environment

friendly materials in manufacturing, design and implementation of efficient and sustainable

green production systems with examples like environmental friendly machining, vegetable

based cutting fluids, alternate casting and joining techniques, zero waste manufacturing.

Green Buildings: Definition, features and benefits. Sustainable site selection and planning of

buildings for maximum comfort. Environmental friendly building materials like bamboo, timber,

rammed earth, hollow blocks, lime & lime pozzolana cement, agro materials and industrial

waste, Ferro cement and Ferro-concrete, alternate roofing systems, paints to reduce heat gain

of the buildings. Energy management.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Sukhatme S.P. and J.K.Nayak, Solar Energy – Principles of Thermal Collection and

Storage, TMH.

2. Khan B.H., Non-Conventional Energy Resources, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2006.

3. Green Manufacturing Processes and Systems, Edited by J. Paulo Davim, Springer 2013.

REFERENCES:

1. Alternative Building Materials and Technologies / K.S Jagadeesh, B.V Venkata Rama

Reddy and K.S Nanjunda Ra.

2. Principles of Solar Energy / Frank Krieth & John F Kreider.

3. Non-Conventional Energy / Ashok V Desai /Wiley Eastern.

4. Renewable Energy Technologies /Ramesh & Kumar /Narosa

5. Renewable Energy Technologies/ G.D Roy

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1. The student shall understand the principles and working of solar, wind, biomass, geo-

thermal, ocean energies.

2. Green energy systems and appreciate their significance in view of their importance in

the current scenario and their potential future applications.

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech.IISem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE I

(R18A0555) DATA VISUALIZATION

Course Objectives:

 To learn different statistical methods for Data visualization.

 To understand the basics of R and Python.

 To learn usage of Watson studio.

 To understand the usage of the packages likeNumpy, pandas and matplotlib.

 To know the functionalities and usages of Seaborn.

UNIT I

Introduction to Statistics : Introduction to Statistics, Difference between inferential statistics and

descriptivestatistics, Inferential Statistics- Drawing Inferences fromData, RandomVariables, Normal

ProbabilityDistribution, Sampling, Sample Statistics and SamplingDistributions.

R overview and Installation- Overview and About R, R and R studio Installation, Descriptive Data analysis

using R, Description of basic functions used to describe data in R.

UNIT II

Data manipulation withR: Data manipulation packages-dplyr,data.table, reshape2, tidyr, Lubridate, Data

visualization withR.

Data visualization in Watson Studio: Adding data to datarefinery, Visualization of Data on WatsonStudio.

UNIT III

Python: Introduction toPython, How toInstall, Introduction to JupyterNotebook, Python scriptingbasics,

NumpyandPandas-Creating and Accessing Numpy Arrays, Introduction to pandas, read and write csv,

Descriptive statistics using pandas, Working with text data and datetime columns, Indexing and selecting

data, groupby, Merge / Join datasets

UNIT IV

Data Visualization Tools inPython- Introduction to Matplotlib, Basic plots usingmatplotlib, Specialized

Visualization Tools usingMatplotlib, Advanced Visualization Tools usingMatplotlib- WaffleCharts,

WordClouds.

UNIT V

Introduction to Seaborn: Seaborn functionalities and usage, Spatial Visualizations and Analysis in Python with

Folium, Case Study.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Core Python Programming - Second Edition,R. Nageswara Rao, Dreamtech Press.

2. Hands on programming with R by Garrett Grolemund,Shroff/O'Reilly; First edition

3. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics by S.C. Gupta, Sultan Chand & Sons

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Learn R for Applied Statistics: With Data Visualizations, Regressions, and Statistics by Eric Goh Ming Hui,

Apress

2. Python for Data Analysis by William McKinney, Second Edition, O’Reilly Media Inc. \

3. The Comprehensive R Archive Network- https://cran.r-project.org

4. https://seaborn.pydata.org/

5. https://dataplatform.cloud.ibm.com/

Course Outcomes:

At Completion of this course, students would be able to -

 Apply statistical methods for Data visualization.

 Gain knowledge on R and Python

 Understand usage of various packages in R and Python.

 Demonstrate knowledge of Watson studio.

 Apply data visualization tools on various data sets.

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IIYear B. Tech ECE -II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OBJECTIVES:

OPEN ELECTIVE I

(R18A0553) DATA STRUCTURES USING PYTHON

 To read and write simple Python programs.

 To develop Python programs with conditionals and loops.

 To define Python functions and call them.

 To use Python data structures –- lists, tuples, dictionaries.

 To do input/output with files in Python.

Unit I

Introduction to Python, Installation and Working with Python, Understanding

Python variables

Python basic Operators, Understanding python blocks, Python Data Types:

Declaring and using Numeric data types: int, float,complex,Using string data type

and string operations.

UNIT II

Control Flow- if, if-elif-else,loops ,For loop using ranges, string ,Use of while loops

in python,Loop manipulation using pass, continue, break and else,Programming

using Python conditional and loops block,Python arrays.

UNIT III

Functions -Calling Functions, Passing Arguments, Keyword Arguments,Default

Arguments, Variable-length arguments, Anonymous Functions, Fruitful

Functions(Function Returning Values), Scope of the Variables in a Function -

Global and Local Variables.PowerfulLamda function in python.

UNIT IV

Data Structures-List Operations, Slicing, Methods; Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries,

Sequences.

Comprehensions,Dictionary manipulation, list and dictionary in build functions

UNIT V

Sorting:BubbleSort,SelectionSort,InsertionSort,Mergesort,Quicksort.LinkedLists,St

acks,Queues

OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the course, students will be able to

 Read, write, execute by hand simple Python programs.

 Structure simple Python programs for solving problems.

 Decompose a Python program into functions.

 Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.

 Read and write data from/to files in Python Programs

TEXT BOOKS

1. Allen B. Downey, ``Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist‘‘,

2nd edition, Updated for Python 3, Shroff/O‘Reilly Publishers, 2016.

2. R. Nageswara Rao, “Core Python Programming”, dreamtech

3. Python Programming: A Modern Approach, Vamsi Kurama, Pearson

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Core Python Programming, W.Chun, Pearson.

2. Introduction to Python, Kenneth A. Lambert, Cengage

3. Learning Python, Mark Lutz, Orielly

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

106

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0408) DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. To understand different digital pulse modulation techniques such as PCM and DM.

2. To understand the concepts of various shift keying techniques.

3. To analyze error performance of a digital communication system in presence of noise and

other interferences.

4. To understand different source coding and decoding techniques.

5. To study about different error detecting and correcting codes like Block codes, Cyclic Codes.

UNIT I

PULSE DIGITAL MODULATION: Elements of digital communication systems, Advantages of

digital communication systems, Elements of PCM: Sampling, Quantization & Coding,

Quantization error, Companding in PCM systems. Differential PCM systems (DPCM), Time

Division Multiplexing & Demultiplexing.

DELTA MODULATION: Delta modulation & Demodulation, DM drawbacks, Adaptive delta

modulation, Comparison of PCM and DM systems, Noise in PCM and DM systems. Illustrative

Problems.

UNIT II

DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Introduction, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK, similarity of

BFSK and BPSK. Coherent reception of ASK, FSK, PSK & Non-coherent detection of ASK and FSK.

DATA TRANSMISSION: Base band signal receiver, Probability of error, Optimum filter, matched

filter, Probability of error using matched filter, Eye diagrams, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT III

INFORMATION THEORY: Discrete messages, Concept of amount of information and its

properties. Average information, Entropy and its properties, Information rate, Mutual

information and its properties, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT IV

SOURCE CODING: Introduction, Shannon’s theorem, Bandwidth –S/N trade off, Shannon- Fano

coding, Huffman coding, Efficiency calculations, Channel capacity of discrete and analog

Channels, capacity of a Gaussian channel, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT V

LINEAR BLOCK CODES: Introduction, Matrix description of Linear Block codes, Error detection

and error correction capabilities of linear block codes, Hamming codes, Cyclic Codes.

CONVOLUTION CODES: Introduction, Encoding of convolution codes, Time domain approach,

transform domain approach. Graphical approach: state, tree and trellis diagram, Decoding using

Viterbi algorithm, Illustrative Problems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital communications – Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005

2. Principles of Communication Systems – H. Taub and D. Schilling, TMH, 2003

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

107

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Digital and Analog Communication Systems – K.Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley, 2005.

2. Digital Communications – John Proakis, TMH, 1983. Communication Systems Analog &

Digital – Singh & Sapre, TMH, 2004.

3. Modern Analog and Digital Communication – B.P.Lathi, Oxford reprint, 3

edition, 2004.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Understand basic components of digital communication systems

2. Design Optimum receivers for digital modulation techniques

3. Analyze the error performance of digital modulation techniques

4. Know about different error detecting and error correcting codes

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

108

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0409) LINEAR & DIGITAL IC

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of the course are:

To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.

To teach the linear and non-linear applications of operational amplifiers.

To introduce the theory and applications of analog multipliers and PLL.

To teach the theory of ADC and DAC.

To introduce the concepts of waveform generation and introduce some special function

Ics.

UNIT – I:

Operational Amplifier: Ideal and Practical Op-Amp, Op-Amp Characteristics, DC and AC

Characteristics, Features of 741 Op-Amp, Modes of Operation – Inverting, Non-Inverting,

Differential, Instrumentation Amplifier, AC Amplifier, Differentiators and Integrators,

Comparators, Schmitt Trigger, Introduction to Voltage Regulators, Features of 723 Regulator,

Three Terminal Voltage Regulators.

UNIT – II:

Op-Amp, IC-555 & IC 565 Applications: Introduction to Active Filters, Characteristics of Band

pass, Band reject and All Pass Filters, Analysis of 1

order LPF & HPF Butterworth Filters,

waveform Generators – Triangular, Sawtooth, Square wave, IC555 Timer – Functional Diagram,

Monostable and Astable Operations, Applications, IC565 PLL – Block Schematic, Description of

Individual Blocks, Applications.

UNIT – III:

Data Converters: Introduction, Basic DAC techniques, Different types of DACs-Weighted

resistor DAC, R-2R ladder DAC, Inverted R-2R DAC, Different Types of ADCs – Parallel

Comparator Type ADC, Counter Type ADC, Successive Approxiamtion ADC and Dual Slope ADC,

DAC and ADC Specifications.

UNIT – IV:

Digital Integrated Circuits: Classification of Integrated Circuits, Comparison of Various Logic

Families, CMOS Transmission Gate, IC interfacing. TTL Driving CMOS & CMOS Driving TTL,

Combinational Logic Ics – Specifications and Applications of TTL-74XX & CMOS 40XX Series Ics –

Code Converters, Decoders, Demultiplexers, LED & LCD Decoders with Drivers, Encoders,

Priority Encoders, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Priority Generators/Checkers, Parallel Binary

Adder/ Subtractor, Magnitude Comparators.

UNIT – V:

Sequential Logic IC’s and Memories: Familiarity with commonly available 74XX & CMOS 40XX

Series Ics – All Types of Flip-flops, Synchronous Counters, Decade Counters, Shift Registers.

Memories – ROM Architecture, Types of ROMS & Applications, RAM Architecture, Static &

Dynamic RAMs.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

109

TEXT BOOKS :

1. Communication Systems – Simon Haykin, 2 Ed, Wiley Publications.

2. Communication Systems – B.P. Lathi, BS Publication, 2004.

REFERENCES BOOKS:

Electronic Communications – Dennis Roddy and John Coolean, 4

Edition, PEA, 2004.

Electrnic Communication Systems – Modulation and Transmission – Robert J.

Schoenbeck, 2

Edition, PHI.

Analog and Digital Communication – K. Sam Shanmugam, Wiley, 2005.

Electronics & Communication System – George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, TMH 2004.

Principles of Communication Systems – H Taub & D. Schilling, Gautam Sahe, TMH, 2007,

Edition

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the subject, students will be able to:

Conceptually understand the baseband signal & system.

Identify various elements, processes, and parameters in telecommunications systems,

and describe their functions, effects, and interrelationship.

Design procedure of AM Transmission & Reception, analyze, measure, and evaluate the

performance of a telecommunication system against given criteria.

Understand basic knowledge of FM Transmission & Reception.

Understand various types of SSB Transmission & reception.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

110

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0410) ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. Understand basic terminology and concepts of Antennas.

2. To attain knowledge on the basic parameters those are considered in the antenna design

process and the analysis while designing that.

3. Analyze the electric and magnetic field emission from various basic antennas and

mathematical formulation of the analysis.

4. To have knowledge on antenna operation and types as well as their usage in real time.

5. Aware of the wave spectrum and respective band based antenna usage and also to know

the propagation of the waves at different frequencies through different layers in the

existing layered free space environment structure.

UNIT –I

ANTENNA BASICS: Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters – Patterns, Beam Area, Radiation

Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity-Gain-Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Illustrative

Problems. Field Zones, Front – to-back Ratio, Antenna Theorems, Radiation, Retarded

Potentials – Helmholtz Theorem.

THIN LINEAR WIRE ANTENNAS : Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarter Wave Monopole

and Half Wave Dipole – Current Distributions, Field Components, Radiated Power, Radiation

Resistance, Beam Width, Directivity, Effective Area, Effective Height, Natural Current

Distributions, Far Fields and Patterns of Thin Linear Centre-fed Antennas of Different Lengths,

Illustrative Problems.

UNIT –II

VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS – I : Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi-Uda Array,

Folded Dipoles and their Characteristics, Helical Antennas – Helical Geometry, Helix Modes,

Practical Design Considerations for Monofilar Helical Antenna in Axial and Normal Modes, Horn

Antennas – Types, Optimum Horns, Design Considerations of Pyramidal Horns, Illustrative

Problems.

VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS – II: Micro strip Antennas – Introduction, Features,

Advantages and Limitations, Rectangular Patch Antennas – Geometry and Parameters,

Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas. Impact of Different Parameters on Characteristics,

Reflector Antennas – Introduction, Flar Sheet and Corner Reflectors, Paraboloidal Reflectors –

Geometry, Pattern Characteristics, Feed Methods, Reflector Types – Related Features,

Illustrative Problems. Lens Antennas – Introduction, Geometry of Non-metallic Dielectric

Lenses, Fermat‘s Principle, Zoning, Applications.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

111

UNIT –III

ANTENNA ARRAYS: Point Sources – Definition, Patterns, arrays of 2 Isotropic Sources –

Different Cases, Principle of Pattern Multiplication, Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside Arrays,

Endfire Arrays, Derivation of their Characteristics and Comparison, BSAs with Non-uniform

Amplitude Distributions – General Considerations and Binomial Arrays, Illustrative Problems.

ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS: Introduction, Concepts – Reciprocity, Near and Far Fields,

Coordinate System Patterns to be Measured, Pattern Measurement Arrangement, Directivity

Measurement, Gain Measurements (by Comparison, Absolute and 3- Antenna Methods)

UNIT –IV

WAVE PROPAGATION – I: Introduction, Definitions, Categorizations and General Classifications,

Different Modes of Wave Propagation, Ray/Mode Concepts, Ground Wave Propagation

(Qualitative Treatment) – Introduction, Plane Earth Reflections, Space and Surface Waves,

Wave Tilt, Curved Earth Reflections. Space Wave Propagation – Introduction, Field Strength

Variation with Distance and Height, Effect of Earth‘s Curvature, Absorption, Super Refraction,

M-Curves and Duct Propagation, Scattering Phenomena, Tropospheric Propagation.

UNIT –V

WAVE PROPAGATION – II: Sky Wave Propagation – Introduction, Structure of Ionosphere,

Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere, Ray Path, Critical Frequency, MUF, LUF,

OF, Virtual Height and Skip Distance, Relation between MUF and Skip Distance, Multihop

Propagation.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Antennas and Wave Propagation – J.D. Kraus, R.J. Marhefka and Ahmad S. Khan, TMH, New

Delhi, 4

ed., (Special Indian Edition), 2010.

2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems–E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2

ed.,

3. A.Harish, M.Sachidanada,” Antennas and Wave Propagation”, Oxford University Press,2007

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Antenna Theory – C.A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 3

Ed., 2005.

2. Antennas and Wave Propagation–K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New

Delhi, 2001.

3. Transmission and Propagation – E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The Services Text Book of

Radio, vol. 5, Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi.

4. Antennas – John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill (International Edition), 2

Ed. 1988.

5. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4

edition, 1955.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

112

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Student will be able to

1. Aware of antenna parameter considerations

2. Capable to analyze the designed antenna and field evaluation under various conditions and

formulate the electric as well as magnetic fields equation set for far field and near field

conditions

3. Understand the array system of different antennas and field analysis under application of

different currents to the individual antenna elements

4. Understand the design issues, operation of fundamental antennas and their operation

methodology in practice.

5. Design a lens structure and also the bench set up for antenna parameter measurement of

testing for their effectiveness.

6. Knowledge about the means of propagation of electromagnetic waves

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

113

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0411) CELLULAR & MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The course Objectives are

1. To provide the students with an understanding of the cellular concept frequency reuse,

handoff strategies.

2. To enable the students to analyze and understand wireless and mobile cellular

communication systems over stochastic fading channels .

3. To provide the students with an understanding of Co-channel and Non-Co channel

Interference.

4. To give students an understanding of cell coverage for signal and traffic diversity

techniques and mobile antennas.

5. To give the students an understanding of frequency management channel assignment

and types of handoff.

UNIT I

CELLULAR SYSTEMS:

Limitations of Conventional System , Basic Cellular Mobile System ,First, second ,third and

fourth Generation cellular wireless systems .Operation of Cellular System .Uniqueness of

Mobile Radio Environment –Fading ,coherence bandwidth, Doppler Spread.

Fundamentals of cellular Radio System Design: concept of frequency reuse channels, Co-

channel Interference, Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor, desired C/I from a normal case

in a Omni directional Antenna system .Trunking and grade of service

UNIT II

CO-CHANNEL & NON CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE:

Measurement of Real Time Co-Channel Interference, design of Antenna system, Antenna

parameters and their effects, diversity techniques: Space Diversity ,Polarization diversity,

frequency diversity and time diversity.

Non-co channel interference-adjacent channel interference, Near End far end interference,

effect on coverage and interference by power decrease, antenna height decrease

UNIT III

CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND TRAFFIC:

Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain, effect of human made structures, phase difference

between direct and reflected paths, constant standard deviation, straight line path loss slope,

general formula for mobile propagation over water and flat open area, near and long distance

propagation.

UNIT IV

CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS:

Space diversity antennas, umbrella pattern antennas, minimum separation of cell site antennas,

Mobile Antennas.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

114

Frequency Management And Channel Assignment : Numbering and grouping, setup access and

paging channels ,channel assignments to cell sites and mobile units, channel sharing and

borrowing, sectorization, overlaid cells, non fixed channel assignment

UNIT V

HANDOFFS:

Handoff Initiation, types of handoff, delaying handoff, advantages of Handoff, power difference

handoff, forced handoff, mobile assisted and soft handoff . Intersystem handoff.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications – W.C.Y. Lee, Tata McGraw Hill, 2rd Edn., 2006.

2. Wireless Communications – Theodore. S. Rapport, Pearson education, 2

Edn., 2002.

REFERENCES:

Principles of Mobile Communications – Gordon L. Stuber, Springer International 2

Edition,

2001.

Modern Wireless Communication –Simon Haykin Michael Moher, Persons Eduction,2005.

Wireless Communication theory and Techniques,Asrar U.H .Sheikh ,Springer,2004.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1. The student will be able to understand impairments due to multipath fading channel

2. The student will be able to understand the fundamental techniques to overcome the

different fading effects

3. The student will be able to understand co-channel and non co-channel interferences

4. The student will be able to familiar with cell coverage/signal and traffic, diversity techniques

and mobile antennas

5. The student will be able to understand the frequency management, channel assignment

and types of handoffs

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

115

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B. Tech. ECE-II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – I

(R18A0572) COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND OPERATING SYSTEMS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The course objectives are

To have a thorough understanding of the basic structure and operation of a digital

computer.

To discuss in detail the operation of the arithmetic unit including the algorithms &

implementation of fixed-point and floating-point addition, subtraction, multiplication &

division.

To study the different ways of communicating with I/O devices and standard I/O

interfaces.

To study the hierarchical memory system including cache memories and virtual

memory.

To demonstrate the knowledge of functions of operating system memory management

scheduling, file system and interface, distributed systems, security and dead locks.

To implement a significant portion of an Operating System.

UNIT – I

BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS: Computer Types, Functional unit, Basic Operational

Concepts, Bus, Structures, Software, Performance, Multiprocessors and Multi Computers, Data

Representation, Fixed Point Representation, Floating Point Representation.

Operations, Shift Micro Operations, Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit, Instruction Codes, Computer

Registers Computer Instructions – Instruction Cycle.

Memory – Reference Instructions, Input – Output and Interrupt, STACK Organization,

Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, DATA Transfer and Manipulation, Program Control,

Reduced Instruction Set Computer.

UNIT – II

MICRO PROGRAMMED CONTROL: Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Microprogram

Examples, Design of Control Unit, Hard Wired Control, Microprogrammed Control.

THE MEMORY SYSTEM: Basic Concepts of Semiconductor RAM Memories, Read-Only

Memories, Cache Memories Performance Considerations, Virtual Memories secondary Storage,

Introduction to RAID.

UNIT – III:

INPUT-OUTPUT ORGANIZATION: Peripheral Devices, Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous

Data Transfer Modes, Priority Interrupt, Direct Memory Access, Input-Output Processor (IOP),

Serial Communication; Introduction to Peripheral Components, Interconnect (PCI) Bus,

Introduction to Standard Serial Communication Protocols like RS232, USB, IEEE1394.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

116

UNIT – IV:

OPERATING SYSTEMS OVERVIEW: Overview of Computer Operating Systems Functions,

Protection and Security, Distributed Systems, Special Purpose Systems, Operating Systems

Structures-Operating System Services and Systems Calls, System Programs, Operating System

Generation.

MEMORY MANAGEMENT: Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Paging, Structure of the

Page Table, Segmentation, Virtual Memory, Demand Paging, Page-Replacement Algorithms,

Allocation of Frames, Thrashing Case Studies – UNIX, Linux, Windows

PRINCIPLES OF DEADLOCK: System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Deadlock Prevention,

Detection and Avoidance, Recovery from Deadlock.

UNIT – V:

FILE SYSTEM INTERFACE: The Concept of a File, Access Methods, Directory Structure, File

System Mounting, File Sharing, Protection.

FILE SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION: File System Structure, File system Implementation, Directory

Implementation, Allocation Methods, and Free-Space Management.

TEXT BOOKS:

Computer Organization – Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, SafeaZaky, 5

Edition,

McGraw Hill.

Computer System Architecture – M. moris mano, 3

edition, Pearson

Operating System Concepts – Abreham Silberchatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne, 8

Edition, John Wiley.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Computer Organization and Architecture – William Stallings 6

Edition, Pearson

Structured Computer Organization – Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4

Edition, PHI

Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design – Sivaraama Dandamudi, Springer

Int. Edition

Operating Systems – Internals and Design Principles, Stallings, 6

Edition – 2009,

Pearson Education.

Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S Tanenbaum 2

Edition, PHI

Principles of Operating System, B. L. Stuart, Cengage Learning, India Edition.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the course, students will have thorough knowledge about:

Basic structure of a digital computer

Arithmetic operations of binary number system

The organization of the Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logical Unit, Memory Unit and the

I/O unit.

Operating system functions, types, system calls.

Memory management techniques and dead lock avoidance

Operating systems file system and implementation and its interface.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

117

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – I

(R18A0413) TELEVISION ENGINEERING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. The objectives of the course are:

2. To familiarize the students with Television transmitters and receivers and TV signal

transmission.

3. To make them understand different signal processing steps monochrome television.

4. To introduce colour television transmitters and receivers.

UNIT–I:

Introduction: TV transmitter and receivers, synchronization. Geometric form and aspect

ratio, image continuity, interlaced scanning, picture resolution, Composite

videosignal,Tvstandards.Camera tubes:image Orthicon,Plumbicon,vidicon, silicon Diode

Array vidicon, Comparison of camera tubes, Monochrome TV camera,

TV Signal Transmission and Propagation: Picture Signal transmission, positive and negative

modulation, VSB transmission, sound signal transmission, standard channel BW,TV

transmitter, TV signal propagation, interference, TV broadcast channels, TV transmission

Antennas.

UNIT –II:

Monochrome TV Receiver:

RF tuner, IF subsystem, video amplifier, sound section, sync separation and processing,

deflection circuits, scanning circuits, AGC, noise cancellation, video and inter carrier sound

signal detection, vision IF subsystem of Black and White receivers, Receiver sound system:

detection, FM Sound detectors, and typical applications.

UNIT –III:

Sync Separation and Detection: TV Receiver Tuners, Tuner operation, VHF and UHF tuners,

digital tuning techniques, remote control of receiver functions. Sync Separation, AFC and

Deflection Oscillators: Synchronous separation, k noise in sync pulses, separation of frame

and line sync pulses. AFC, single ended AFC circuit, Deflection Oscillators, deflection drive

Ics, Receiver Antennas, Picture Tubes,

UNIT–IV:

Color Television:

Colour signal generation, additive colour mixing, video signals for colours, colour difference

signals, encoding, Perception of brightness and colours luminance signal, Encoding of colour

difference signals, formation of chrominance signals, color cameras, Colour picture tubes.

Color Signal Encoding and Decoding: NTSC colour system PAL colour system, PAL encoder,

PAL-D Decoder, chrome signal amplifiers, separation of U and V signals, colour burst

separation, Burst phase discriminator, ACC amplifier, Reference oscillator, Indent and colour

killer circuits, U& V demodulators.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

118

UNIT – V:

Color Receiver: Introduction to colour receiver, Electron tuners, IF subsystem, Y-signal

channel,Chroma decoder, Separation of U & V Color, Phasors, synchronous demodulators,

Sub carrier generation, raster circuits.

Digital TV:Introduction to Digital TV, Digital Satellite TV, Direct to Home Satellite TV, Digital

TV Transmitter, Digital TV Receiver, Digital Terrestrial TV, LCD TV, LED TV, CCD Image

Sensors, HDTV.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Television and Video Engineering-A.M.Dhake, 2ndEdition.

2. Modern Television Practice –Principles, Technology and Service-R.R.Gallatin, New

Age International Publication, 2002.

3. Monochrome and Colour TV-R.R. Gulati, New Age International Publication, 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Colour Television Theory and Practice-S.P.Bali, TMH, 1994.

2. Basic Television and Video Systems-B.Grob and C.E.Herndon, McGraw Hill, 1999.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1. Understand TV standards and picture tubes for monochrome TV.

2. Distinguish between monochrome and colour Television transmitters and receivers.

3. Analyze and Evaluate the NTSC and PAL colour systems.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

119

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To cater the knowledge of

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – I

(R18A0212) DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

1. Basic and digital control system for the real time analysis.

2. Design of control systems.

3. To provide comprehensive knowledge of concepts of stability analysis.

4. Design of discrete time systems.

5. To expose the students to the concepts of optimal control for discrete domain.

UNIT – I

SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION: Introduction, Examples of Data control systems – Digital

to Analog conversion and Analog to Digital conversion, Sample and hold operations.

Z–TRANSFORMS: Introduction, Linear difference equations, pulse response, Z – transforms,

Theorems of Z – Transforms, the inverse Z – transforms, Modified Z- Transforms-Plane analysis

of discrete-time control system, Z-Transform method for solving difference equations; Pulse

transforms function, Block diagram analysis of sampled–Data systems, Mapping between S-

plane and Z-plane.

UNIT – II

STATE SPACE ANALYSIS: State Space Representation of discrete time systems, Pulse Transfer

Function Matrix solving discrete time state space equations, State transition matrix and it‘s

Properties, Methods for Computation of State Transition Matrix, Discretization of continuous

time state – space equations.

CONTROLLABILITY AND OBSERVABILITY: Concepts of Controllability and Observability, Tests

for controllability and observability. Duality between Controllability and Observability,

Controllability and Observability conditions for Pulse Transfer Function.

UNIT – III

STABILITY ANALYSIS: Mapping between the S-Plane and the Z-Plane – Primary strips and

Complementary Strips – Constant frequency loci, Constant damping ratio loci, Stability

Analysis of closed loop systems in the Z-Plane. Jury stability test – Stability Analysis by use of

the Bilinear Transformation and Routh Stability criterion.

UNIT – IV

DESIGN OF DISCRETE TIME CONTROL SYSTEM BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS:

Transient and steady – State response Analysis – Design based on the frequency response

method – Bilinear Transformation and Design procedure in the w-plane, Lead, Lag, Lead-Lag

and Lag- Lead compensators and digital PID controllers.

UNIT – V

STATE FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS AND OBSERVERS: Design of state feedback controller through

pole placement – Necessary and sufficient conditions, Ackerman‘s formula. State Observers –

Full order and Reduced order observers.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

120

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Discrete-Time Control systems – K. Ogata, Pearson Education/PHI, 2

Edition.

2. Digital Control and State Variable Methods by M.Gopal, TMH.

3. Digital Control System Analysis and Design, 3

Edition by Charles L. Phillips,

H. Troy Nagle.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Digital Control Systems, Kuo, Oxford University Press, 2

Edition, 2003.

2. Digital Control Engineering, M.Gopal New age international publishers.

3. Advanced Control Theory by NAGOOR KANI, 2

Edition, RBA Publications.

4. Digital Control Systems, Design, Identification and Implementation by Landau, Iona Dore,

ZitoGianluca, Springer1

edition.

5. Digital control systems by R.Isermann, Springer; 1

edition.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

Learn the basics and digital control system for the real time analysis

Design of control systems.

Learn comprehensive knowledge of concepts of stability analysis

Understand the design of discrete time systems

Understand the concepts of optimal control for discrete domain.

B.Tech (ECE)

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

121

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

- -/ 3 /- 1.5

(R18A0485) DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

9) Any Six experiments are to be done through hardware:

1. Time Division Multiplexing

2. Pulse Code Modulation & Demodulation

3. Differential Pulse Code Modulation & Demodulation

4. Delta Modulation

5. Amplitude Shift Keying

6. Frequency Shift Keying

7. Phase Shift Keying

8. Differential phase shift keying

II. Any Four experiments are to be done using any MATLAB/SCILAB/or any other simulation

tools.

1) Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

2) Digital Companding (A-Law & μ-Law)

3) Linear Block Code- Encoder and Decoder

4) Binary Cyclic Code- Encoder and Decoder

5) Convolution Code Encoder & Decoder

B.Tech (ECE)

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

122

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

- -/3/- 1.5

(R18A0486) LDIC LAB

Note: To perform any twelve experiments (choosing at least five from each part).

Part – I: Linear IC Experiments

1. OP AMP Applications – Adder, Subtractor, Comparators.

2. Integrator and Differentiator Circuits using IC 741.

3. Active Filter Applications – LPF, HPF (first order)

4. IC 741 Waveform Generators – Sine, Square wave and Triangular waves.

5. IC 555 Timer – Monostable and Astable Multivibrator Circuits.

6. Schmitt Trigger Circuits – Using IC 741

7. IC 565 – PLL Applications.

8. Voltage Regulator using IC 723, Three Terminal Voltage Regulators – 7805, 7809, 7912.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:

1. 20 MHz / 40 MHz / 60 MHz Oscilloscope.

2. 1 MHz Function Generator (Sine, Square, Traingular and TTL).

3. Regulated Power Supply.

4. Multimeter / Volt Meter.

Part – II: HDL Simulation programs:

Programming can be done using any compiler. Download the programs on FPGA / CPLD boards

and performance testing may be done using pattern generator / logic analyzer apart from

verification by simulation using Cadence / Mentor Graphics / Synopsys / Equivalentfront end

CAD tools.

1. HDL code to realize all the logic gates

2. Design of 2-to-4 decoder

3. Design of 8-to-3 encoder (without and with Priority)

4. Design of 8-to-1 multiplexer and 1 x 8 Demultiplexer.

5. Design of 4 bit binary to gray code converter

6. Design of 4 bit comparator

7. Design of Full adder using 3 modeling styles

8. Design of flip flops: SR, JK, T

9. Design of 4-bit binary, BCD counters (synchronous/ asynchronous reset)

B.Tech – Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) R18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE - I Sem LT/P/D C

2 -/-/- -

(R18A0521) CYBER SECURITY

(Mandatory Course - IV)

Course objectives:



To familiarize various types of cyber-attacks and cyber-crimes



To give an overview of the cyber laws



To study the defensive techniques against these attacks

Course Outcomes: The students will be able to understand cyber-attacks, types of cybercrimes,

cyber laws and also how to protect them self and ultimately the entire Internet community from such

attacks.

UNIT - I

Introduction to Cyber Security: Basic Cyber Security Concepts, layers of security, Vulnerability,

threat, Harmful acts, Internet Governance – Challenges and Constraints, Computer Criminals, CIA

Triad, Assets and Threat, motive of attackers, active attacks, passive attacks, Software attacks,

hardware attacks, Spectrum of attacks, Taxonomy of various attacks, IP spoofing, Methods of

defense, Security Models, risk management, Cyber Threats-Cyber Warfare, Cyber Crime, Cyber

terrorism, Cyber Espionage, etc., Comprehensive Cyber Security Policy.

UNIT - II

Cyberspace and the Law & Cyber Forensics: Introduction, Cyber Security Regulations, Roles of

International Law. The INDIAN Cyberspace, National Cyber Security Policy.

Introduction, Historical background of Cyber forensics, Digital Forensics Science, The Need for

Computer Forensics, Cyber Forensics and Digital evidence, Forensics Analysis of Email, Digital

Forensics Lifecycle, Forensics Investigation, Challenges in Computer Forensics, Special

Techniques for Forensics Auditing.

UNIT - III

Cybercrime: Mobile and Wireless Devices: Introduction, Proliferation of Mobile and Wireless

Devices, Trends in Mobility, Credit card Frauds in Mobile and Wireless Computing Era, Security

Challenges Posed by Mobile Devices, Registry Settings for Mobile Devices, Authentication service

Security, Attacks on Mobile/Cell Phones, Mobile Devices: Security Implications for Organizations,

Organizational Measures for Handling Mobile, Organizational Security Policies and Measures in

Mobile Computing Era, Laptops.

UNIT- IV

Cyber Security: Organizational Implications: Introduction, cost of cybercrimes and IPR issues,

web threats for organizations, security and privacy implications, social media marketing: security

risks and perils for organizations, social computing and the associated challenges for organizations.

Cybercrime and Cyber terrorism: Introduction, intellectual property in the cyberspace, the ethical

dimension of cybercrimes the psychology, mindset and skills of hackers and other cyber criminals.

UNIT - V

Privacy Issues: Basic Data Privacy Concepts: Fundamental Concepts, Data Privacy Attacks, Data

B.Tech – Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) R18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

linking and profiling, privacy policies and their specifications, privacy policy languages, privacy in

different domains- medical, financial, etc.

Cybercrime: Examples and Mini-Cases

Examples: Official Website of Maharashtra Government Hacked, Indian Banks Lose Millions of

Rupees, Parliament Attack, Pune City Police Bust Nigerian Racket, e-mail spoofing instances.

Mini-Cases: The Indian Case of online Gambling, An Indian Case of Intellectual Property Crime,

Financial Frauds in Cyber Domain.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Nina Godbole and Sunit Belpure, Cyber Security Understanding Cyber Crimes, Computer

Forensics and Legal Perspectives, Wiley

2. B. B. Gupta, D. P. Agrawal, Haoxiang Wang, Computer and Cyber Security: Principles,

Algorithm, Applications, and Perspectives, CRC Press, ISBN 9780815371335, 2018.

REFERENCES:

1. Cyber Security Essentials, James Graham, Richard Howard and Ryan Otson, CRC Press.

2. Introduction to Cyber Security, Chwan-Hwa(john) Wu,J. David Irwin, CRC Press T&F Group.

B.Tech (ECE)

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125

OPEN ELECTIVE II

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

126

OPEN ELECTIVE II

S.NO

SUBJECT CODE

SUBJECT

R18A1251

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

R18A0552

INTRODUCTION TO JAVA PROGRAMMING

R18A1252

SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

R18A0353

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

R18A0354

NANO TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

127

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE II

(R18A1251) MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1) To understand the competitive advantage of using information systems in the

organization for the needful assistance in decision making and management.

2) To learn how to plan for information systems &implementation

3) To study about security aspects of information systems

UNIT-I:

Introduction : MIS importance, definition, nature and scope of MIS, Structure and Classification

of MIS, Information and Systems Concept, Types of Information, Information systems for

competitive advantage.

Case Study: MIS at any business establishment.

UNIT-II:

Business Applications of Information Systems : E-Commerce, ERP Systems, DSS, Business

Intelligence and Knowledge Management System.

Case Study: Knowledge Management Systems at an Enterprise.

UNIT-III:

Management of IS: Information system planning, system acquisition, systems implementation,

evaluation & maintenance of IS, IS Security and Control.

Effectiveness of MIS: A Case Study.

UNIT-IV:

Building of Information Systems: System Development Stages, System Development

Approaches.

Systems Analysis and Design- Requirement Determination, Strategies for Requirement

Determination.

Structured Analysis Tools, System Design – Design Objectives, Conceptual Design, Design

Methods. Detailed system design.

UNIT-V:

Introduction to Cyber Crime : Cyber Crime Defination and orgin of the word,cyber crime and

information security, cyber criminals. Classification of cyber criminals-Legal Perspectives-Indian

Perspectives-Cyber crimes and ndian ITA 2000,Global perspective on cybercrime-Cybercrime

era.(Refer : Nina Godbole et al)

TEXT BOOK

1) D P Goyal, Management Information Systems–Managerial Perspective, MacMillan, 3

Edition, 2010.

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128

REFERENCE:

1. Nina Godbole & Sunit Belapure “ Cyber Security” Wiley india 2012.

2. Jawadekar, MIS Text and Cases, TMH, 2012.

3. Dr Milind M Oka “Cases in Management Information system ‘Everest, 2012.

4. A K Gupta, Sharma “Management of Systems” Macmillan, 2012.

5. Sandra Senf “Information Technology Control and Audit” 3e, CRC Press, 2012.

6. Apache OFBiz for Ecommerce and ERP – https://ofbiz.apache.org/

7. Magneto for Ecommerce (B2B Commerce) – https://magento.com/

8. Adempiere – ERP : http://www.adempiere.net/web/guest/welcome

9. Analytica – DSS – http://www.lumina.com

10. OpenRules – Business Rules and Decision Management system – http://openrules.com/

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1) Ability to apply Concepts & applications of Management Information Systems.

2) Ability to perform Information Systems Planning & Implementations.

3) Ability to adapt Cyber crime and information security procedures.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

129

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE II

(R18A0552) INTRODUCTION TO JAVA PROGRAMMING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

This subject aims to introduce students to the Java programming language. Upon successful

completion of this subject, students should be able

1) to create Java programs that leverage the object-oriented features of the Java

language, such as encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism;

2) use data types, arrays and strings;

3) implement error-handling techniques using exception handling,

4) create and event-driven GUI using AWT components.

UNIT I: OOP Concepts:

Data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, Polymorphism,

classes and objects, Procedural and object oriented programming paradigms.

Java Basics History of Java, Java buzzwords, data types, variables, constants, scope and life

time of variables, operators, expressions, control statements, type conversion and casting,

simple java programs, concepts of classes, objects, arrays, strings, constructors, methods,

access control, this keyword, garbage collection, overloading methods and constructors,

parameter passing, recursion, BufferedReader class, Scanner class, StringTokenizer class,

inner class.

UNIT II: Inheritance – Types of Inheritance, super keyword, and preventing inheritance:

final classes and methods.

Polymorphism – Dynamic binding, method overriding, abstract classes and methods.

Interfaces- Interfaces Vs Abstract classes, defining an interface, implement interfaces,

extending interface.

Packages- Defining, creating and accessing a package, importing packages.

UNIT III: Exception handling – Concepts of exception handling, benefits of exception

handling, exception hierarchy, usage of try, catch, throw, throws and finally, checked

exceptions and unchecked exceptions, built in exceptions.

Multi threading: Differences between multi threading and multitasking, thread life cycle,

creating threads, synchronizing threads, inter thread communication.

UNIT IV: Applets – Concepts of Applets, differences between applets and applications, life

cycle of an applet, types of applets, creating applets, passing parameters to applets.

Event Handling: Events, Handling mouse and keyboard events, Adapter classes.

Files- Streams- Byte streams, Character streams, Text input/output.

UNIT V: GUI Programming with Java – AWT class hierarchy, component, container, panel,

window, frame, graphics.

AWT controls: Labels, button, text field, check box, and graphics.

Layout Manager – Layout manager types: border, grid and flow.

Swing – Introduction, limitations of AWT, Swing vs AWT.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

130

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Java- the complete reference, 7

editon, Herbert schildt, TMH.

2. Understanding OOP with Java, updated edition, T. Budd, pearson eduction.

3. Core Java an integrated approach, dreamtech publication, Dr. R.Nageswara Rao.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Java for Programmers, P.J.Deitel and H.M.Deitel, PEA (or) Java: How to Program ,

P.J.Deitel and H.M.Deitel, PHI

2. Object Oriented Programming through Java, P. Radha Krishna, Universities Press.

3. Thinking in Java, Bruce Eckel, PE

4. Programming in Java, S. Malhotra and S. Choudhary, Oxford Universities Press.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1) An understanding of the principles and practice of object oriented programming and

design in the construction of robust, maintainable programs which satisfy their

requirements;

2) A competence to design, write, compile, test and execute straightforward programs

using a high level language;

3) An appreciation of the principles of object oriented programming;

4) An awareness of the need for a professional approach to design and the importance

of good documentation to the finished programs.

5) Be able to implement, compile, test and run Java programs comprising more than

one class, to address a particular software problem.

6) Be able to make use of members of classes found in the Java API.

7) Demonstrate the ability to employ various types of selection constructs in a Java

program. Be able to employ a hierarchy of Java classes to provide a solution to a

given set of requirements.

8) Able to develop applications using Applet, awt and GUI Programming.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

131

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE II

(R18A01252) SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The Main goal of software development projects is to create a software system with a

predetermined functionality and quality in a given time frame and with given costs. For

achieving this goal, models are required for determining target values and for continuously

controlling these values. This course focuses on principles, techniques, methods & tools for

model-based management of software projects, assurance of product quality and process

adherence (quality assurance), as well as experience – based creation & improvement of

models (process management).

The Objectives of the course can be characterized as follows:

1) Understanding the specific roles within a software organization as related to project

and process management

2) Understanding the basic infrastructure competences (e.g., process modeling and

measurement)

3) Understanding the basic steps of project planning, project management, quality

assurance, and process management and their relationships

UNIT-I

Conventional Software Management: The waterfall Model, Conventional Software

Management Performance, evolution of Software Economics: software Economics.

Pragmatic Software Cost Estimation. Improving Software Economics: Reducing Software

Product Size, Improving Software Processes, Improving Team Effectiveness, Improving

Automation, Achieving Required Quality, Peer Inspections.

UNIT-II

Conventional And Modern Software Management: Principles of Conventional Software

Engineering, Principles of Modern Software Management, Transitioning to an interactive

Process, Life Cycle Phases: Engineering and Production Stages Inception, Elaboration,

Construction, Transition phases .

UNIT-III

Artifacts of the Process: The Artifact Sets. Management Artifacts, Engineering Artifacts,

Programmatic Artifacts. Model Based Software Architectures: A Management Perspective

and Technical Perspective.

UNIT-IV

Flows of the Process: Software Process Workflows. Inter Trans Workflows. Checkpoints of

the Process: Major Mile Stones, Minor Milestones, Periodic Status Assessments. Interactive

Process Planning: Work Breakdown Structures, Planning Guidelines, Cost and Schedule

Estimating. Interaction Planning Process, Pragmatic Planning.

UNIT-V

Project Organizations and Responsibilities: Line-of-Business Organizations, Project

Organizations, and Evolution of Organizations. Process Automation Building Blocks, the

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

132

Project Environment. Project Control and Process Instrumentation: Server Care Metrics,

Management Indicators, Quality Indicators, Life Cycle Expectations Pragmatic Software

Metrics Automation.

Text Books:

1. Walker Royce, “Software Project Management”, 1998, PEA.

2. Henry, “Software Project Management”, Pearson.

Reference Books:

1. Richard H.Thayer.” Software Engineering Project Management”, 1997, IEEE Computer

Society.

2. Shere K.D.: “Software Engineering and Management”, 1998, PHI.

3. S.A. Kelkar, “Software Project Management: A Concise Study”, PHI.

4. Hughes Cotterell, “Software Project Management”, 2e, TMH. 88 5. Kaeron Conway,

“Software Project Management from Concept to D

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:

1) Describe and determine the purpose and importance of project management from

the perspectives of planning, tracking and completion of project

2) Compare and differentiate organization structures and project structures.

3) Implement a project to manage project schedule, expenses and resource with the

application of suitable project management tools

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

133

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES

OPEN ELECTIVE II

(R18A0353) ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

To know the basics of ERP

To understand the key implementation of ERP

To know the business modules of ERP

To evaluate the current and future trends in ERP

UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION: Overview and Benefits of ERP, ERP Related Technologies- Business Process

Reengineering (BPR), Online Analytical Processing (OLAP), Supply chain Management (SCM).

Applications of ERP.

UNIT II

ERP IMPLEMENTATION: Implementation and Product Lifecycle, Implementation

Methodology, Planning Evaluation and selection of ERP systems, Organizing the Project

Management and Monitoring. Case Study on Manufacturing.

UNIT III

ERP MODULES: Business modules in an ERP Package- Manufacturing, Human Resources,

Plant Maintenance, Materials Management, Data Warehousing, Data Mining, Quality

Management, Sales and Distribution. Case Study in Banking Sector.

UNIT IV

POST IMPLEMENTATION: Overview of ERP software solution. Maintenance of ERP-

Organizational and Industrial impact; Success and Failure factors of ERP Implementation.

Case Study of Success Story and Failure of Processing Sector.

UNIT V

EMERGING TRENDS IN ERP: Extended ERP system, ERP add–ons –Customer Relations

Management (CRM), Customer satisfaction (CS). Business analytics etc- Future trends in ERP

systems-web enabled, Wireless technologies. Case Study in Service Sector.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Jagan Nathan Vaman, ERP in Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008

2. Alexis Leon, “ERP Demystified”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2000

3. Mahadeo Jaiswal and Ganesh Vanapalli, ERP Macmillan India, 2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Alexis Leon, Enterprise Resource Planning, second edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.

2. Vinod Kumar Grag and N.K. Venkitakrishnan, ERP- Concepts and Practice, Prentice Hall of

India,2 nd edition, 2006.

3. Joseph A Brady, Ellen F Monk, Bret Wagner, “Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning”,

Thompson Course Technology, USA, 2001.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

To know the strategic importance of Enterprise Resource Planning

To Understand and implement ERP in various Sectors.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

134

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

III Year B. Tech I Sem L T/P/D

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE II

(R15A0354) NANO TECHNOLOGY

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1) To learn about basis of Nano Materials.

2) In this course we focus on synthetic aspects for the design of nanostructured

materials.

3) We describe different approaches including both the bottom-up(includes both

chemical and physical methods) and the top-down methods(mainly physical methods)

for the synthesis of nanostructured materials.

4) The course will then focus on different type of nanostructures with a special emphasis

on carbon nanotubes(CNT), metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, core-shell

nanostructures and self assembly of these nanostructures.

5) The dependence of various properties (dielectric, magnetic and optical) with size will

be discussed.

UNIT-I

General Introduction: Basics of Quantum Mechanics, Harmonic oscillator, magnetic

Phenomena, band .structure in solids, Mossbauer and Spectroscopy, optical phenomena

bonding in solids, Anisotropy.

Silicon Carbide: Application of Silicon carbide, nano materials preparation, Sintering of SiC, X-

ray Diffraction data, electron microscopy sintering of nano-particles,nano particles of Alumina

and Zirconia: Nano materials preparation, Characterization, Wear materials and nano-

composites,

UNIT-II

Mechanical properties: Strength of nano crystalline SiC, Preparation for strength

measurements, Mechanical properties, Magnetic properties.

Electrical properties: Switching glasses with nanoparticles, Electronic conduction with nano-

particles.

Optical properties: Optical properties, special properties and the coloured glasses.

Magnetic Properties: Soft magnetic Nanocrystalline alloy, Permanent magnetic

Nanocrystalline materials, Giant Magnetic Resonance, Electrical Properties, Optical

Properties, Thermal Properties, and Mechanical Properties.

UNIT–III Synthesis Routes: Top &Bottom up approaches: Physical Vapor Deposition,

Micromulsion, Laser Ablation, Chemical Vapor Deposition, Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Solgel

method, Spray Pyrolysis, Template Based synthesis, Lithography.

UNIT–IV Tools to Characterize Nanomaterials: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Small Angle X-ray

scattering (SAXS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy

(TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), Field Ion

Microscope (FEM), Three-dimensional Atom Probe (3DAP), Nanoindentation

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

135

UNIT–V Applications of Nanomaterials: Nano-electronics, Micro- and Nano-

electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), Nanosensors, Nanocatalysts, Cosmetic and

Consumer Goods, Structure and Engineering, Automotive Industry, Water Treatment and the

environment, Nano-medical applications, Textiles, Paints, Energy, Defence and Space

Applications.

TEXT BOOKS:

Text Book of Nano Science and Nano Technology – B.S. Murthy, P. Shankar,

Baldev Raj, B.B. Rath and James Munday, University Press-IIM.

Introduction to Nanotechnology – Charles P. Poole, Jr., and Frank J. Owens,

Wiley India Edition, 2012.

Guozhong Cao, Nanostructures and Nano-materials:Synthesis, Properties and

Applications, Imperial College Press 2004.

REFERENCES BOOKS:

Nano: The Essentials by T. Pradeep, McGraw- Hill Education.

Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Design by Michael F. Ashby, Paulo J.

Ferreira and Daniel L. Schodek.

Transport in Nano structures- David Ferry, Cambridge University press 2000

Nanofabrication towards biomedical application: Techniques, tools, Application

and impact – Ed. Challa S.,S. R. Kumar, J. H. Carola.

Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications- Michael J. O’Connell.

Electron Transport in Mesoscopic systems – S. Dutta, Cambridge University press.

Nanomaterials Synthesis, Properties and Applications Edited by A S Edelstein and R C

Cammarata, IOP Publishing Ltd 1996.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1) Will familiarize about the science of Nano Technology.

2) Will demonstrate the preparation of Nano Technology.

3) Will develop knowledge in characteristic Nano Technology & Nano Materials.

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

136

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0414) DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To understand the basic concepts and techniques for processing signals and digital signal

processing fundamentals.

To Understand the processes of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion and

relation between continuous-time and discrete time signals and systems.

To Master the representation of discrete-time signals in the frequency domain, using z-

transform, discrete Fourier transforms (DFT).

To Understand the implementation of the DFT in terms of the FFT, as well as some of its

applications (computation of convolution sums, spectral analysis).

To learn the basic design and structure of FIR and IIR filters with desired frequency

responses and design digital filters.

The impetus is to introduce a few real-world signal processing applications.

To acquaint in FFT algorithms, Multi-rate signal processing techniques and finite word

length effects.

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: Introduction, Discrete Time Signals &

Sequences, Linear Shift Invariant Systems, Stability, and Causality, Linear Constant Coefficient

Difference Equations, Frequency Domain Representation of Discrete Time Signals and systems.

REALIZATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS: Applications of Z – Transforms, Solution of Difference

Equations of Digital Filters, System Function, Stability Criterion, Frequency Response of Stable

Systems, Realization of Digital Filters – Direct, Canonic, Cascade and Parallel forms.

UNIT II

DISCRETE FOURIER SERIES: DFS Representation of Periodic Sequences. Properties of Discrete

Fourier Series., Discrete Fourier Transforms: Properties of DFT. Linear Convolution of Sequences

using DFT. Computation of DFT: Over-lap Add Method, Over-lap Save Method, Relation

between DTFT, DFS, DFT and Z-Transform.

FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) – Radix-2 Decimation-in-Time and

Decimation-in-Frequency FFT Algorithms, Inverse FFT and FFT with General Radix-N.

UNIT III

IIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Analog Filter Approximations – Butterworth and Chebyshev, Design of IIR

Digital filters from Analog Filters, Step and Impulse Invariant Techniques, Bilinear

Transformation Method.

UNIT IV

FIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Characteristics of FIR Digital Filters, Frequency Response. Design of FIR

Filters: Fourier Method. Digital Filters using Window Techniques, Frequency Sampling

Technique, Comparison of IIR & FIR filters.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

137

UNIT V

MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: Introduction, Down sampling, Decimation,

Upsampling, Interpolation, Sampling Rate Conversion, Applications of Multi Rate Signal

Processing.

FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS: Limit cycles, Overflow oscillations, Round-off Noise in IIR

Digital Filters, Computational Output Round Off Noise, Methods to prevent Overflow, Dead

band effects.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms, and Applications: John G. Proakis, Dimitris

G. Manolakis, Pearson Education / PHI, 2007.

2. Discrete Time Signal Processing – A. V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, PHI, 2009.

3. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing – Loney Ludeman, John Wiley, 2009

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Digital Signal Processing – Fundamentals and Applications – Li Tan, Elsevier, 2008.

2. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB – Robert J. Schilling, Sandra L.

Harris, b Thomson, 2007.

3. Digital Signal Processing – S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj and C.Gnanapriya, TMH, 2009.

4. Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with MATLAB – Taan S. EIAli, CRC press, 2009.

5. Digital Signal Processing – A Practical approach, Emmanuel C. Ifeachor and Barrie W.

Jervis, 2

Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.

6. Digital Signal Processing – Nagoor Khani, TMG, 2012.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On completion of the subject the student must be able to:

1. Perform time, frequency and z-transform analysis on signals and systems.

2. Understand the inter relationship between DFT and various transforms.

3. Understand the significance of various filter structures and effects of rounding errors.

4. Design a digital filter for a given specification.

5. Understand the fast computation of DFT and Appreciate the FFT processing.

6. Understand the trade-off between normal and multi rate DSP techniques and finite length

word effects.

B.Tech(ECE) R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET) 138

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0415) MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

OBJECTIVES:

1. To understand the basics of microprocessors and microcontrollers architectures and its

functionalities

2. To develop an in-depth understanding of the operation of microprocessors and

microcontrollers, machine language programming & interfacing techniques.

3. To design and develop Microprocessor/ microcontroller based systems for real time

applications using low level language like ALP.

UNIT -I:

8086 Architecture: Architecture of 8086, Register Organization, Programming Model, Memory

Segmentation, Physical Memory Organization, Signal descriptions of 8086- Common Function

Signals, Minimum and Maximum mode signals, Timing diagrams.

UNIT -II:

Instruction Set and Assembly Language Programming of 8086: Addressing modes, Instruction

Set, Assembler Directives, Procedures, Macros, and Simple Programs involving Logical, Branch

and Call Instructions, Sorting, Evaluating Arithmetic Expressions, String Manipulations.

UNIT -III:

I/O Interface: 8255 PPI, Various Modes of Operation and Interfacing to 8086, D/A and A/D

Converter, Stepper motor, Interfacing of DMA controller 8257 ,Memory Interfacing to 8086,

Interrupt Structure of 8086, Interrupt Vector Table, Interrupt Service Routine.

Communication Interface: Serial Communication Standards, Serial Data Transfer Schemes,

8251 USART Architecture and Interfacing.

UNIT -IV:

Introduction to Microcontrollers: Overview of 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture, I/O Ports,

Memory Organization, Addressing Modes and Instruction set of 8051, Simple Programs,

memory interfacing to 8051

UNIT -V:

8051 Real Time Control: Programming Timer Interrupts, Programming External Hardware

Interrupts, Programming the Serial Communication Interrupts, Programming 8051 Timers and

Counters.

ARM Processor : Fundamentals, Registers, current program status register, pipeline concept.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. D. V. Hall, Microprocessors and Interfacing, TMGH, 2nd Edition 2006.

2. Kenneth. J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, 3rd Ed., Cengage Learning.

3. ARM System Developer’s Guide: Designing and Optimizing System Software- Andrew N.

Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, Elsevier Inc., 2007

B.Tech(ECE) R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET) 139

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals – A. K. Ray and K.M. Bhurchandani, TMH, 2nd

Edition 2006.

2. The 8051Microcontrollers, Architecture and Programming and Applications -K.Uma Rao,

Andhe Pallavi, Pearson, 2009.

3. Micro Computer System 8086/8088 Family Architecture, Programming and Design - Liu and

GA Gibson, PHI, 2nd Ed.

4. Microcontrollers and Application - Ajay. V. Deshmukh, TMGH, 2005.

OUTCOMES:

After going through this course the student will be able to

1. The student will learn the internal organization of popular 8086/8051

microprocessors/microcontrollers.

2. The student will learn how to interface peripherals to microprocessors/microcontrollers.

3. The students will learn the design of microprocessors/microcontrollers-based systems

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

140

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech ECE-II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0513) COMPUTER NETWORKS

Professional Elective - II

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The students will be able to:

1. Build an understanding of the fundamental concepts of computer networking.

2. Familiarize the student with the basic taxonomy and terminology of the computer

networking area.

3. Introduce the student to advanced networking concepts, preparing the student for entry

Advanced Courses in computer networking.

4. Allow the student to gain expertise in some specific areas of networking such as the design

and Maintenance of individual networks.

UNIT I:

Introduction: Introduction to networks, Internet, Protocols and Standards, The OSI model,

Layers in OSI Model, TCP/IP Suite, Addressing, Analog & Digital Signals

Physical Layer: Physical Layer Introduction, Digital Transmission, multiplexing, Transmission

media, Circuit switched networks, Datagram networks, Virtual circuit networks, Switch&

telephone network

UNIT II:

Data link layer: Introduction, Block coding, Cyclic codes, checksum, Framing, Flow and error

control, Noiseless & Noisy channels, HDLC, Point to point protocols

Media Access Sub Layer: Random Access, Controlled access, channelization, IEEE Standards

UNIT III:

Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Giga bit Ethernet, wireless LANS, Connecting LANs, Backbone

networks, Virtual LANs, Wireless WANs, SONET, frame relay, ATM

UNIT IV:

Network Layer: Logical addressing, internetworking, tunneling, address mapping, ICMP, IGMP,

Forwarding, Unicast routing protocols, multicast routing protocols

UNIT V:

Transport Layer: Process to process delivery, TCP and UDP protocols, SCTP ,Data traffic ,

congestion, Congestion Control, QoS, integrated services, Differentiated services, QoS in

Switched networks.

Application Layer: Domain name space, DNS in internet , Electronic Mail, FTP, WWW, HTTP,

SNMP, Multi Media, Network Security

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Data Communications and Networking- Behrouz A Forouzan Fourth Edition TMH, 2006.

2. Computer Networks- Andrew S Tanenbaum, 4

Edition, Pearson Education

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. An Engineering approach to computer Networks- S.Keshav, 2

Edition, Pearson Education

B.Tech (ECE)

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

141

2. Computer and communication Networks- Nader F Mir, Pearson Education

3. Data and Computer Communications, G.S.Hura and M. Singhal, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis

Group.

4. Data Communications and Computer Networks,P.C.Gupta, PHI

5. Computer Networking : A top-down Approach Featuring the Internet, James F.Kurose,

K.W.Rose, 3

Edition, Pearson Education

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1. Have a good understanding of the OSI Reference Model and in particular have a good

knowledge of Layers 1-3.

2. Analyze the requirements for a given organizational structure and select the most

appropriate networking architecture and technologies

3. Specify and identify deficiencies in existing protocols, and then go onto formulate new and

better protocols

4. Have an understanding of the issues surrounding Mobile and Wireless Networks.

5. Have a working knowledge of datagram and internet socket programming.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

142

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – II

(R18A0412) INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. An introduction to measurement techniques and instrumentation design and operation

2. The basic concept of units, measurement error and accuracy, the construction and design of

measuring devices and circuits, measuring instruments and their proper applications.

3. To learn the working of different types of Signal generators.

4. To learn the basics of oscilloscope and it types.

5. To use different measuring techniques and the measurement of different physical

parameters using different transducers.

UNIT – I

BLOCK SCHEMATICS OF MEASURING SYSTEMS: Performance characteristics, Static

characteristics, Accuracy, Precision, Resolution, Types of Errors, Gaussian Error, Dynamic

Characteristics, Repeatability, Reproducibility, Fidelity, Lag; Measuring Instruments: DC

Voltmeters, D’ Arsonval Movement, DC Current Meters, AC Voltmeters and Current Meters,

Ohmmeters, Millimeters, Meter Protection, Extension of Range, True RMS Responding

Voltmeters, Specifications of Instruments.

UNIT – II

SIGNAL ANALYZERS: AF, HF Wave Analyzers, Harmonic Distortion, Heterodyne wave Analyzers,

Spectrum Analyzers, Capacitance-Voltage Meters, Signal Generators: AF, RF Signal Generators,

Sweep Frequency Generators, Pulse and Square wave Generators, Function Generators,

Arbitrary waveform Generator.

UNIT – III

OSCILLOSCOPES: CRT, Block Schematic of CRO, Time Base Circuits, Lissajous Figures, CRO

Probes, High Frequency CRO Considerations, Delay lines, Applications: Measurement of Time,

Period and Frequency.

SPECIAL PURPOSE OSCILLOSCOPES: Dual Trace, Dual Beam CROs, Sampling Oscilloscopes,

Storage Oscilloscopes, Digital Storage CROs.

UNIT – IV

TRANSDUCERS: Classification, Strain Gauges, Bounded, unbounded; Force and Displacement

Transducers, Resistance Thermometers, Hotwire Anemometers, LVDT, Thermocouples,

Synchros, Special Resistance Thermometers, Piezoelectric Transducers, Magneto Strictive

Transducers.

UNIT – V

BRIDGES: Wheat Stone Bridge, Kelvin Bridge, and Maxwell Bridge.

MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS: Flow Measurement, Displacement Meters, Liquid

level Measurement, Measurement of Humidity and Moisture, Velocity, Force, Pressure – High

Pressure, Vacuum level, Temperature Measurements, Data Acquisition Systems.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

143

TEXTBOOKS:

Electronic instrumentation: H.S.Kalsi – TMH, 2

Edition 2004.

Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques: A.D. Helbincs, W.D.

Cooper: PHI, 5

Edition, 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements – David A. Bell, Oxford Uiv. Press, 1997.

2. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation: B. M. Oliver, J. M. Cage TMH Reprint.

3. Measurement Systems – Emest O. Doebelin and Dhanesh N Manik, 6

Ed., TMH.

4. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentations by K. Lal Kishore, Pearson Education –

2010.

5. Industrial Instrumentation: T. R. Padmanabham Spiriger 2009.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon a successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Describe the fundamental concepts and principles of instrumentation

2. Explain the operation of various instruments required in measurements

3. Apply the measurement techniques for different types of tests.

4. To select specific instruments for specific measurement function.

5. Students will understand functioning, specification and application of signal analyzing

instruments.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

144

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – II

(R18A0416) FIBER OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

1. To realize the significance of optical fiber communications.

2. To understand the construction and characteristics of optical fiber cable.

3. To develop the knowledge of optical signal sources and power launching.

4. To identify and understand the operation of various optical detectors.

5. To under the design of optical systems and WDM.

UNIT I

OVERVIEW OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION: Historical development, The general system,

advantages of optical fiber communications. Optical fiber wave guides- Introduction, Ray theory

transmission, Total Internal Reflection, Acceptance angle, Numerical Aperture, Skew rays.

Cylindrical fibers- Modes, V number, Mode coupling, Step Index fibers, Graded Index fibers.

Single mode fibers- Cut off wavelength, Mode Field Diameter, Effective Refractive Index. Fiber

materials — Glass, Halide, Active glass, Chalgenide glass, Plastic optical fibers.

UNIT II

SIGNAL DISTORTION IN OPTICAL FIBERS: Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering and Bending

losses, Core and Cladding losses. Information capacity determination, Group delay, Types of

Dispersion – Material dispersion, Wave-guide dispersion, Polarization mode dispersion,

Intermodal dispersion. Pulse broadening. Optical fiber Connectors- Connector types, Single

mode fiber connectors, Connector return loss.

UNIT III

FIBER SPLICING: Splicing techniques, Splicing single mode fibers. Fiber alignment and joint loss-

Multimode fiber joints, single mode fiber joints, Optical sources- LEDs, Structures, Materials,

Quantum efficiency, Power, Modulation, Power bandwidth product. Injection Laser Diodes-

Modes, Threshold conditions, External quantum efficiency, Laser diode rate equations,

Resonant frequencies. Reliability of LED & ILD.

SOURCE TO FIBER POWER LAUNCHING: Output patterns, Power coupling, Power launching,

Equilibrium Numerical Aperture, Laser diode to fiber coupling.

UNIT IV

OPTICAL DETECTORS:Physical principles of PIN and APD, Detector response time, Temperature

effect on Avalanche gain, Comparison of Photo detectors. Optical receiver operation-

Fundamental receiver operation, Digital signal transmission, error sources, Receiver

configuration, Digital receiver performance, Probability of error, Quantum limit, Analog

receivers.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

145

UNIT V

OPTICAL SYSTEM DESIGN : Considerations, Component choice, Multiplexing. Point-to- point

links, System considerations, Link power budget with examples. Overall fiber dispersion in Multi

mode and Single mode fibers, Rise time budget with examples.

Transmission distance, Line coding in Optical links, WDM, Necessity, Principles, Types of

WDM, Measurement of Attenuation and Dispersion, Eye pattern.

TEXT BOOKS:

Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, Tata Mc Graw-Hill International edition, 4

Edition, 2008.

Optical Fiber Communications – John M. Senior, PHI, 2

Edition, 2002.

RERFERENCE BOOKS:

10) Fiber Optic Communications – D.K. Mynbaev , S.C. Gupta and Lowell L. Scheiner,

Pearson Education, 2005.

2. Text Book on Optical Fibre Communication and its Applications – S.C.Gupta, PHI,

2005.

3. Fiber Optic Communication Systems – Govind P. Agarwal , John Wiley, 3

Ediition,

2004.

4. Fiber Optic Communications – Joseph C. Palais, 4

Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. Understand and analyze the constructional parameters of optical fibers.

2. Be able to design the optical system.

3. Estimate the losses due to attenuation, absorption, scattering and bending.

4. Compare various optical detectors and choose suitable one for different applications.

B.Tech – Elecgtronics and Communication Engineering R18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE - II Sem LT/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A1205)ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Course Objectives: To train the students to understand different types of AI agents,

various AI search algorithms, fundamentals of knowledge representation, building of

simple knowledge-based systems and to apply knowledge representation, reasoning.

Study of Markov Models enable the student ready to step into applied AI.

UNIT - I

Introduction: AI problems, Agents and Environments, Structure of Agents, Problem

Solving Agents Basic Search Strategies: Problem Spaces, Uninformed Search (Breadth-

First, Depth-First Search, Depth-first with Iterative Deepening), Heuristic Search (Hill

Climbing, Generic Best-First, A*), Constraint Satisfaction (Backtracking, Local Search)

UNIT - II

Advanced Search: Constructing Search Trees, Stochastic Search, A* Search

Implementation, Minimax Search, Alpha-Beta Pruning

Basic Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Propositional Logic, First-Order Logic,

Forward Chaining and Backward Chaining, Introduction to Probabilistic Reasoning, Bayes

Theorem

UNIT - III

Advanced Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Knowledge Representation Issues,

Non- monotonic Reasoning, Other Knowledge Representation Schemes

Reasoning Under Uncertainty: Basic probability, Acting Under Uncertainty, Bayes’ Rule,

Representing Knowledge in an Uncertain Domain, Bayesian Networks

UNIT - IV

Learning: What Is Learning? Rote Learning, Learning by Taking Advice, Learning in Problem

Solving, Learning from Examples, Winston’s Learning Program, Decision Trees.

UNIT - V

Expert Systems: Representing and Using Domain Knowledge, Shell, Explanation,

Knowledge Acquisition.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Russell, S. and Norvig, P, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Third Edition,

Prentice- Hall, 2010.

B.Tech – Elecgtronics and Communication Engineering R18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Artificial Intelligence, Elaine Rich, Kevin Knight, Shivasankar B. Nair, The McGraw

Hill publications, Third Edition, 2009.

2. George F. Luger, Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex

Problem Solving, Pearson Education, 6th ed., 2009.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

148

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem

L T/P/D C

- -/3/- 1.5

(R18A0487) MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB

Note: - Minimum of 12 experiments has to be conducted

The Following programs/experiments are to be written for assembler and execute the same

with 8086 and 8051 kits.

1. Programs for 16 bit arithmetic operations for 8086 (using Various Addressing Modes).

2. Program for sorting an array for 8086.

3. Program for searching for a number or character in a string for 8086.

4. Program for string manipulations for 8086.

5. Program for digital clock design using 8086.

6. Interfacing ADC and DAC to 8086.

7. Parallel communication between two microprocessors using 8255.

8. Serial communication between two microprocessor kits using 8251.

9. Interfacing to 8086 and programming to control stepper motor.

10. Programming using arithmetic, logical and bit manipulation instructions of 8051.

11. Program and verify Timer/ Counter in 8051.

12. Program and verify Interrupt handling in 8051

13. UART Operation in 8051.

14. Communication between 8051 kit and PC.

15. Interfacing LCD to 8051.

16. Interfacing Matrix/ Keyboard to 8051.

17. Data Transfer from Peripheral to Memory through DMA controller 8237/8257.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

149

Note:

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem

L T/P/D C

- -/3/- 1.5

(R18A0488) DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

1. Minimum of 12 experiments has to be conducted.

2. The programs shall be implemented in software (Using MATLAB / Lab view / C

programming/ Equivalent) and hardware (Using TI / Analog devices / Motorola / Equivalent

DSP processors).

List of Experiments:

1. To find DFT / IDFT of given DT signal

2. Program to obtain Linear Convolution of two finite length sequences

3. Program for computing Auto-correlation.

4. To find frequency response of a given system (in Transfer Function/ Differential equation

form).

5. Implementation of FFT of given sequence

6. Determination of power spectrum of a given signal(s).

7. Implementation of LP FIR filter for given sequence

8. Implementation of HP FIR filter for given sequence

9. Implementation of LP IIR filter for given sequence

10. Implementation of HP IIR filter for given sequence

11. Generation of sinusoidal signal through filtering

12. Generation of DTMF signals

13. Implementation of Decimation Process

14. Implementation of Interpolation Process

15. Implementation of I/D sampling rate converters

16. Audio application such as to plot a time and frequency display of microphone plus a cosine

using DSP. Read a .wav file and match with their respective spectrograms.

17. Impulse response of first order and second order systems.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

150

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

2 -/-/- -

INTRODUCTION

MANDATORY COURSE – V

(R18A0007) INDIAN CONSTITUTION

The Indian judiciary and particularly the Supreme Court of India has played an historic

role as the guardian of people. It has been protecting not only basic ideals of the Constitution

but also strengthened the same through progressive interpretations of the text of the

Constitution. The judicial activism of the Supreme Court of India and its historic contributions

has been recognized throughout the world and it gradually made it “as one of the strongest

court in the world”.

This course “Indian Constitution” has been designed to develop understanding of the

Indian Constitution among the students.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1) To enable the students to understand the constitution’s origin and its power.

2) To enable the students to analyze the political principles.

3) To enable the students to be aware of their fundamental rights and duties.

UNIT –I

Meaning of constitution law and constitutionalism

Historical perspective of the constitution of India

Salient features and characteristics of the constitution of India

UNIT –II

Scheme of fundamental rights

The scheme of the fundamental duties and its legal status

The Directive Principles of State Policy- its importance and implementation

UNIT –III

Federal structure and distribution of legislative and financial powers between the Union and

the States

Parliamentary Form of Government in India-the constitution powers and status of the president

of India

Amendment of the Constitutional Powers and Procedure

UNIT –IV

The historical perspectives of the constitutional amendments in India.

Emergency provisions: National Emergency, President Rule, Financial Emergency

Local self government-Constitutional scheme in India

UNIT –V

Scheme of fundamental Right to Equality

Scheme of fundamental Right to certain Freedom under Article 19

Scope of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

151

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Students will be able to:

1) improve their knowledge about Indian constitution

2) value their identity and exercise their fundamental rights.

3) understand how differently government bodies function.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

152

OPEN ELECTIVE III

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

153

OPEN ELECTIVES III

S.NO

SUBJECT CODE

SUBJECT

R18A0452

ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION

R18A0453

INTERNET OF THINGS & ITS APPLICATIONS

R18A0553

OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS

R18A1253

SOFTWARE TESTING TECHNIQUES

R18A0355

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

R18A0251

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & APPLICATIONS

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

154

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE III

(R18A0452) ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1) To study overview of Embedded Systems, Robots, Microprocessors & Microcontrollers.

2) To study in detail about Robotics and sensors.

3) To study about AVR RISC Microcontroller architecture in detail.

4) To study about ARM Processor in detail.

5) To study about Artificial Intelligence in Robotics.

UNIT -I

Introduction to Embedded System Design, Categories of ES, Overview of Embedded System

Architecture, Recent Trends in Embedded Systems, Hardware Architecture of Embedded

System, Real-time Embedded Systems and Robots, Robots and Robotics, Microprocessors and

Microcontrollers, Microcontroller or Embedded Controller

UNIT - II

Robotics: Classification of Robots, Degree of freedom, Kinematics; Multidisciplinary approach:

Motors-DC motors, Stepper Motors, Servo Motors; Power Transmission-Type of Gears, Gear

Assembly, CAM follower, Sensors, Open loop and Closed-loop Controls, Artificial Intelligence.

UNIT- III

The AVR RISC microcontroller architecture: Introduction , AVR family architecture, register file,

the ALU, memory access and instruction execution, I/O memory ,EEPROM ,I/O ports, timers,

UART, Interrupt structure.

UNIT-IV

ARM Processor: Fundamentals, Registers, current program status register, pipeline concept,

Interrupt and the vector table.

UNIT V

AI IN ROBOTICS: Robotic perception, localization, mapping- configuring space, planning

uncertain movements, dynamics and control of movement, Ethics and risks of artificial

intelligence in robotics.

TEXT BOOKS:

[1] Subrata Ghoshal, "Embedded Systems & Robots", Cengage Learning

[2] Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence: A modern approch”, Pearson Education,

India2003.

[3] ARM System Developer’s Guide: Designing and Optimizing System Software- Andrew N.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

155

Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, Elsevier Inc., 2007

REFERENCE BOOKS:

[1] M.A. Mazidi, J.G. Mazidi, R.D. Mckinlay, "8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems",

Pearson.

[2] Dr. K.V.K. Prasad, "Embedded/Real-Time Systems: Concepts Design & Programming",

Dreamtech

[3] Microcontrollers and applications, Ajay V Deshmukh , TMGH,2005

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the students will be able to

1) Understand the overview of Embedded Systems, Robots, Microprocessors &

Microcontrollers.

2) Understand in detail about Robotics and sensors.

3) Understand AVR RISC Microcontroller architecture in detail.

4) Understand about ARM Processor in detail.

5) Understand about Artificial Intelligence in Robotics.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

156

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech.II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE III

(R18A0453) INTERNET OF THINGS & ITS APPLICATIONS

OBJECTIVES:

i) To study the fundamentals about IoT

ii) To study about IoT Access technologies

iii) To study the design methodology and different IoT hardware platforms.

iv) To study the basics of IoT Data Analytics and supporting services.

v) To study about various IoT case studies and industrial applications.

UNITI: FUNDAMENTALS OF IoT- Evolution of Internet of Things, Enabling

Technologies, M2M Communication, IoT World Forum (IoTWF) standardized

architecture, Simplified IoT Architecture, Core IoT Functional Stack, Fog, Edge and

Cloud in IoT, Functional blocks of an IoT ecosystem, Sensors, Actuators, Smart

Objects and Connecting Smart Objects.

UNIT II: IoT PROTOCOLS- IoT Access Technologies: Physical and MAC layers, topology

and Security of IEEE 802.15.4, 802.11ah and Lora WAN, Network Layer: IP versions,

Constrained Nodes and Constrained Networks,6LoWPAN, Application Transport

Methods: SCADA, Application Layer Protocols: CoAP and MQTT.

UNIT III: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT- Design Methodology, Embedded computing

logic, Microcontroller, System on Chips, IoT system building blocks

IoT Platform overview: Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms such as:

Raspberry pi, Arduino Board details

UNIT IV: DATA ANALYTICS AND SUPPORTING SERVICES:

Data Analytics: Introduction, Structured Versus Unstructured Data, Data in Motion

versus Data at Rest, IoT Data Analytics Challenges, Data Acquiring, Organizing in

IoT/M2M,

Supporting Services: Computing Using a Cloud Platform for IoT/M2M

Applications/Services, Everything as a service and Cloud Service Models.

UNIT V: CASE STUDIES/INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS: IoT applications in home,

infrastructures, buildings, security, Industries, Home appliances, other IoT electronic

equipments, Industry 4.0 concepts.

Text Books:

1. IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols and Use Cases for Internet

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

157

of Things, David Hanes, Gonzalo Salgueiro, Patrick Grossetete, Rob Barton and

Jerome Henry, Cisco Press, 2017

2. Internet of Things – A hands-on approach, Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, Universities

Press, 2015

3. Internet of Things: Architecture, Design Principles And Applications, Rajkamal, McGraw Hill

HigherEducation

Reference Books:

The Internet of Things – Key applications and Protocols, Olivier Hersent, David

Boswarthick, Omar Elloumi and Wiley, 2012 (for Unit2).

“From Machine-to-Machine to the Internet of Things – Introduction to a New Age

of Intelligence”,Jan Ho¨ ller, VlasiosTsiatsis, Catherine Mulligan, Stamatis,

Karnouskos, Stefan Avesand. David Boyle and Elsevier, 2014.

Architecting the Internet of Things,Dieter Uckelmann, Mark Harrison, Michahelles

and Florian (Eds), Springer,2011.

Recipes to Begin, Expand, and Enhance Your Projects, 2nd Edition,Michael

Margolis,Arduino Cookbook and O‟Reilly Media,2011.

Course Outcomes:

At the end of this course, students will be able to

 Understand the basics of IoT.

 Implement the state of the Architecture of anIoT.

 Understand design methodology and hardware platforms involved in IoT.

 Understand how to analyze and organize the data.

 Compare IOT Applications in Industrial & realworld.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

158

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech - II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

(OPEN ELECTIVE - III)

(R18A0553) OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS

1) To learn the fundamentals of Operating Systems.

2) To learn the mechanisms of OS to handle processes and threads and their

communication

3) To learn the mechanisms involved in memory management in contemporary OS

4) Mutual exclusion algorithms, deadlock detection algorithms and agreement protocols

To know the components and management aspects of concurrency management

UNIT I:

Introduction, objectives and functions of OS, Evolution of Operating Systems - Simple Batch,

Multi programmed, time shared, Personal Computer, Parallel, Distributed Systems, Real-Time

Systems, OS services, system calls, system programs, virtual machines.

UNIT-II:

Process Management:

Process concept, Process states, threads, CPU Scheduling - Scheduling algorithms, multiple

processors and real time scheduling. Process synchronization – Critical section problems,

Peterson’s Solution, semaphores, monitors.

UNIT-III:

Memory Management:

Basic concept, Logical and Physical addresses, contiguous memory allocation, swapping, paging,

segmentation. Virtual memory – Basics of Virtual Memory, Demand Paging, Page Replacement

algorithms, allocation of frames, thrashing.

UNIT-IV: File Management: Concept of File, Access methods, File types, File operation,

Directory structure, File System structure, Allocation methods (contiguous, linked, indexed),

Free-space management (bit vector, linked list, grouping), directory implementation (linear list,

hash table), Case study: UNIX, Windows.

UNIT-V:

Disk Management: Disk structure, Disk scheduling - FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, Disk

attachment, disk management.

Dead locks: Characterization, Dead lock Prevention, Dead lock Avoidance, Dead lock Detection

and Recovery.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Operating Systems Concepts –Avil Silberschatz j, Peter Galvin, GreyGagne

REFERENCES:

1. Modern Operating Systems –Andrew S. Tanenbaum, PHI

2. Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, 5th Edition, William Stallings,Prentice

Hall of India

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

159

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course the students are able to:

1) Create processes and threads.

2) Develop algorithms for process scheduling for a given specification of CPU utilization,

Throughput, Turnaround Time, Waiting Time, Response Time.

3) For a given specification of memory organization develop the techniques for optimally

allocating memory to processes by increasing memory utilization and for improving the

access time.

4) Design and implement file management system.

5) For a given I/O devices and OS (specify) develop the I/O management functions in OS as part

of a uniform device abstraction by performing operations for synchronization between

CPU and I/O controllers.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

160

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech - II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(OPEN ELECTIVE - III)

(R18A1253) SOFTWARE TESTING TECHNIQUES

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1) Knowing the concepts of Software Engineering and software development life cycle.

2) Understanding the foundations, techniques, and tools in the area of software testing

and its practice in the industry.

3) Learning the functional aspect of the various testing techniques.

4) Knowledge of the creation of test cases and usage of testing tools.

UNIT - I INTRODUCTION

Software, Software Engineering, Process Models: Waterfall Model, Spiral Model, Prototyping,

V Model. Software Testing – Definition of Software Testing – Objective and limits of testing –

Testing Strategy – Roles and Responsibilities of a Software Tester – Independent Verification

and Validation.

UNIT - II SOFTWARE TESTING REQUIREMENTS

Software Testing Requirements - Analyzing the requirements -Classifying the Functional and

Non Functional Requirements. Software Testing Review Process - Objective of Software

Testing Review - Types of Reviews: Peer Review – Walkthrough - Inspection - Checklists of

Review Process - Review Log.

UNIT - III TESTING TECHNIQUES

White box testing techniques – Static and Dynamic Testing – Statement Coverage –

Decision/Branch Coverage – Basic Path Testing – Control Flow Graph Coverage – Conditional

Coverage – McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity – Mutation Testing. Black Box Test Techniques:

Boundary Value Analysis – Equivalent Class Partition – Cause-Effect Analysis – Decision Table –

State Transition Table – Pair Wise Testing – Use Case Testing.

UNIT - IV TESTING TYPES

Unit Testing, Functional Testing: Smoke Testing – Integration, System Testing, User

Acceptance Testing - Non Functional Testing:– Performance Testing – Recovery Testing –

Security Testing – Compatibility Testing – Usability Testing – Ad Hoc Testing –

Internationalization Testing – Configuration Testing - Data ware House Testing and Business

Intelligence Testing – SOA Testing - Mobile Testing.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

161

UNIT - V TEST CASE DESIGN

Definition of Test Case - Standards, Guidelines and Naming Conventions – Characteristics of

Good Test Cases – Test Case templates – Creation of Test Case – Requirement Coverage –

Traceability Matrix – Test Case Review Process – Test Execution – Test Log - Reporting of Test

Execution – Definition of Risk - Risk Based Testing Approach.

Overview of Testing Tools like Winrunner, Loadrunner, Selenium, JMeter.

TEXT BOOKS :

1. Software Testing Techniques – BorisBeizer, Dreamtech, second edition.

2. Software Testing Tools – Dr.K.V.K.K.Prasad, Dreamtech.

3. S.Subashni, N.Satheesh Kumar, Dr.B.G.Geetha, Dr.G.Singaravel, ”Software Testing”,

Umayam Publications , First edition, 2013.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Srinivasan Desikan, Gopalaswamy Ramesh,”Software Testing: Principles and Practice”,

Pearson Education India, First Impression 2006.

2. Software Testing Techniques – SPD(Oreille)

3. Software Testing Concepts and Tools:P.NageshwarRao, dreamtechPress.

4. Art of Software Testing – Meyers, John Wiley.

5. Software Testing in the Real World – Edward Kit, Pearson.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1) Analyze the strategies for software testing.

2) Identify the issues in test management and testing activity.

3) Apply the suitable testing strategy for a given application.

4) Development of test cases and selection of appropriate testing tool.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

162

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE III

(R18A0355) TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1) To facilitate the understanding of Quality Management principles and process.

2) To understand Customer focus, Employee focus and their involvement and Supplier

Management.

UNIT – I

Introduction, The concept of TQM, Quality and Business performance, attitude,

and involvement of top management, communication, culture and management

systems. Management of Process Quality: Definition of quality, Quality Control, a brief

history, Product Inspection vs. Process Control, Statistical Quality Control, Control Charts

and Acceptance Sampling.

UNIT -II

Customer Focus and Satisfaction: internal customer conflict, quality focus, Customer

Satisfaction, role of Marketing and Sales, Buyer – Supplier relationships. Bench Marking:

Evolution of Bench Marking, meaning of bench marking, benefits of bench marketing, the

bench marking procedure, pitfalls of bench marketing.

UNIT- III

Organizing for TQM: The systems approach, organizing for quality implementation, making the

transition from a traditional to a TQM organization, Quality Circles, seven Tools of TQM:

Stratification, check sheet, Scatter diagram, Kepner &Tregoe Methodology.

UNIT- IV

The Cost of Quality: Definition of the Cost of Quality, Quality Costs, Measuring Quality Costs,

use of Quality Cost information, Accounting Systems and Quality Management.

UNIT –V

ISO9000: Universal Standards of Quality: ISO around the world, The ISO9000 ANSI/ASQC Q- 90.

Series Standards, benefits of ISO9000 certification, the third party audit, Documentation

ISO9000 and services, the cost of certification implementing the system.

TEXT BOOK:



Total Quality Management / Joel E. Ross/Taylor and Franscis Limited



Total Quality Management/P. N. Mukherjee/PHI

REFERENCE BOOKS:



Beyond TQM / Robert L.Flood



Total quality management by Paneer Selvam



Statistical Quality Control / E.L. Grant.



Total Quality Management:A Practical Approach/H. Lal



Quality Management/Kanishka Bedi/Oxford University Press/2011



Total Engineering Quality Management/Sunil Sharma/Macmillan

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

163

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1) The student would be able to apply the tools and techniques of quality management to

manufacturing and services processes.

2) To give the students an overview of TQM, various Quality aspects and importance of

Top Management Commitment in any organization for maintaining product / services

quality.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

164

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B.Tech. II Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

OPEN ELECTIVE III

(R18A0251) ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & APPLICATIONS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1) To introduce the fundamental concepts of electro mechanical energy conversion

2) To familiarize the students with the principle of operation, constructional features and

operational characteristics of various types of Motors used in the engineering and

consumer Industry

UNIT- 1: Electrical System Components

LT system wiring components, Selection of Cables, Wires, Switches, Distribution Box, Metering

System, Tariff structure, Protection Components- Fuse, MCB, MCCB, ELCB, Inverse current

characteristics, Symbols, Single Line Diagram (SLD) of a wiring system, Contactor,

Isolator,Relays, MPCB, Electric shock and Electrical safety practices.

UNIT- 2: Residential and Commercial Electrical Systems

Types of residential and commercial wiring systems, general rules and guidelines for

installation. Load calculation and sizing of wire, rating of main switch, distribution board and

protection devices. Earthing system calculations.Requirements of commercial installation-

deciding lighting scheme and number of lamps, earthing of commercial installation,

selectionand sizing of components.

UNIT- 3: Illumination Systems

Understanding various terms related to light intensity, Lumens, candle power, lamp

efficiency,specific consumption.Various illumination schemes- Incandescent lamps, modern

luminaries like CFL, LED andtheir operation, energy saving in illumination systems, design of a

lighting scheme for residential and commercial premises, flood lighting.

UNIT-4: Industrial Electrical Systems

UPS System-Types, Principle of operation.Battery banks, sizing theUPS and Battery Banks,

Selection of UPS and Battery Banks.

UNIT-5: Single Phase AC Motor and Special Motors

Constructional features, Principle of operation, Characteristics, Speed control and Applications

of Single phase AC motor, Stepper motor, Brushless DC motor and Universal motor(Qualitative

Treatment only).

Text Books

1. S. L. Uppal and G. C. Garg, “Electrical Wiring, Estimating & Costing”, Khannapublishers, 2008.

2. K. B. Raina, “Electrical Design, Estimating & Costing”, New age International, 2007.

3. H. Joshi, “Residential Commercial and Industrial Systems”, McGraw Hill Education,

2008.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

165

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. N.V. Suryanarayana, “Utilization of Electrical Power including Electric drives and Electric

traction”, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, 1st Edition,1994.

2. E. Open Shaw Taylor, “Utilization of Electric Energy”, Orient Longman,1st Edition,1937

COURSE OUTCOMES:

After completion of the course, the student will be able to

1) Maintain/Troubleshoot various lamps and fittings in use.

2) Design Illumination systems for various applications.

3) Utilize effectively the electrical systems in industries.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

166

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0418) VLSI DESIGN

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To understand MOS transistor fabrication processes.

2. To understand basic circuit concepts

3. To have an exposure to the design rules to be followed for drawing the layout of circuits

4. Design of building blocks using different approaches.

5. To have a knowledge of the testing processes of CMOS circuits.

UNIT I

Introduction: Brief Introduction to IC technology MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS & BiCMOS

Technologies

Basic Electrical Properties of MOS and BiCMOS Circuits: I

- V

relationships, MOS transistor

Threshold Voltage-V

, figure of merit-ω

,Transconductance-g

, g

; Pass transistor, NMOS

Inverter, Various pull ups, CMOS Inverter analysis and design, Bi-CMOS Inverters.

UNIT II

VLSI Circuit Design Processes: VLSI Design Flow, MOS Layers, Stick Diagrams, Design Rules and

Layout, Lambda(λ)-based design rules for wires, contacts and Transistors, Layout Diagrams for

NMOS and CMOS Inverters and Gates, Scaling of MOS circuits, Limitations of Scaling.

UNIT III

Gate level Design: Logic gates and other complex gates, Switch logic, Alternate gate circuits.

Basic Circuit Concepts: Sheet Resistance R

and its concepts to MOS, Area Capacitances

calculations, Inverter Delays, Driving large Capacitive Loads, Wiring Capacitances, Fan-in and

fan-out.

UNIT IV

Subsystem Design: Shifters, Adders, ALUs, Multipliers, Parity generators, Comparators,

Counters.

VLSI Design styles: Full-custom, Standard Cells, Gate-arrays, FPGAs, CPLDs and Design Approach

for Full-custom and Semi-custom devices, parameters influencing low power design.

UNIT V

CMOS Testing: CMOS Testing, Need for Testing, Test Principles, Design Strategies for Test, Chip

Level and Board Level Test Techniques.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Essentials of VLSI Circuits and Systems, Kamran Eshraghian, Eshraghian Dougles, A. Pucknell,

2005, PHI.

2. Modern VLSI Design – Wayne Wolf, 3 Ed., 1997, Pearson Education.

3. CMOS VLSI Design-A Circuits and Systems Perspective, Neil H.E Weste, David Harris, Ayan

Banerjee, 3

Edn, Pearson, 2009.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

167

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Introduction to VLSI Systems: A Logic, Circuit and System Perspective – Ming-BO Lin, CRC

Press, 2011.

2. Principals of CMOS VLSI Design – N.H.E Weste, K. Eshraghian, 2 Ed., Addison Wesley.

3. VLSI Design-K.Lal Kishore,V.S.V.Prabhakar,I.K.International,1997.

4. Introduction to VLSI Design-Mead & Convey,BS Publications,2010.

5. CMOS Logic Circuit Design-John P.Uyemura, Springer, 2007.

COURSE OUTCOMES

1. Acquire quality knowledge about the fabrication process of IC using MOS Transistor

2. Draw the layout of any logic circuits which helps to understand and estimate parasitic of any

logic circuit

3. Provide design concepts required to design building blocks of data path using gates.

4. Design simple logic circuits using PLA, PAL, FPGA and CPLD

Understand different types of faults that can occur in a system and learn the concept of testing

and adding extra hardware to improve the testability of the system.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

168

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

CORE ELECTIVE – V

(R18A0419) RADAR SYSTEMS

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To learn Radar Fundamentals like Radar Equation, Operating frequencies &

Applications.

2. To understand the basic concepts of different types of Radars for surveillance &

Tracking.

3. To know the various types of tracking techniques involved.

4. To understand Radar Receivers, MTI filters, displays and antennas.

UNIT I

Basics of Radar: Introduction, Maximum Unambiguous Range, Radar Waveforms, Simple form

of Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram and Operation, Radar Frequencies and Applications,

Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum Detectable Signal, Receiver Noise, Modified Radar

Range Equation, Related Problems.

Radar Equation: SNR, Envelope Detector-False Alarm Time and Probability, Integration of Radar

Pulses, Radar Cross Section of Targets (simple targets - sphere, cone-sphere), Transmitter

Power, PRF and Range Ambiguities, System Losses (qualitative treatment), Related Problems.

UNIT-II

CW and Frequency Modulated Radar: Doppler Effect, CW Radar – Block Diagram, Isolation

between Transmitter and Receiver, Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth Requirements,

Applications of CW radar, Related Problems.

FM-CW Radar: FM-CW Radar, Range and Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and

Characteristics (Approaching/ Receding Targets), FM-CW altimeter, Multiple Frequency CW

Radar.

UNIT-III

MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: Introduction, Principle, MTI Radar with - Power Amplifier

Transmitter and Power Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter Characteristics,

Blind Speeds, Double Cancellation, Staggered PRFs. Range Gated Doppler Filters. MTI Radar

Parameters, Limitations to MTI Performance, MTI versus Pulse Doppler Radar.

Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking

Radar – Amplitude Comparison Monopulse (one- and two- coordinates), Angular Accuracy,

Tracking in Range, Acquisition and Scanning Patterns, Comparison of Trackers.

UNIT-IV

Detection of Radar Signals in Noise: Introduction, Matched Filter Receiver – Response

Characteristics and Derivation, Correlation Function and Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency

of Non-matched Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

169

UNIT-V

Radar Receivers: Noise Figure and Noise Temperature, Displays – types, Introduction to Phased

Array Antennas –Basic Concepts, Radiation Pattern, Beam Steering and Beam Width changes,

Applications, Advantages and Limitations.

Electronic Warfare: Introduction to ESM, ECM and ECCM systems.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, TMH Special Indian Edition, 2

Edition,

Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.

REFERENCES:

1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, 3

Edition Tata McGraw-Hill, 2001.

2. Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications-Byron Edde, Pearson Education, 2004.

3. Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles-Mark A. Richards, James A. Scheer, William A.

Holm, Yesdee,2013.

4. ‘Radar Hand Book ‘ Ed. By M.I Skolnik, 2

Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

5. ‘Understanding Radar Systems’ by Simon Kinsley and Shaun Quegan, Scitech Publishing,

McGraw-Hill.

COURSE OUTCOMES

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the factors affecting the radar performance using Radar

Range Equation.

2. Analyze the principle of FM-CW radar and apply it in FM-CW Altimeter.

3. Differentiate between a MTI Radar and a Pulse Doppler Radar based on their working

principle.

4. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of Matched Filter Receivers in Radars.

5. Familiarize with the different types of Radar Displays and their application in real time

scenario

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

170

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech ECE-I Sem

L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

(R18A0420) MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To analyze micro-wave circuits incorporating hollow, dielectric and planar waveguides,

transmission lines, filters and other passive components, active devices.

2. To Use S-parameter terminology to describe circuits.

3. To explain how microwave devices and circuits are characterized in terms of their “S”

Parameters.

4. To give students an understanding of microwave transmission lines.

5. To Use microwave components such as isolators, Couplers, Circulators, Tees, Gyrators

etc..

6. To give students an understanding of basic microwave devices (both amplifiers and

oscillators).

7. To expose the students to the basic methods of microwave measurements.

UNIT I:

Waveguides & Resonators: Introduction, Microwave spectrum and bands, applications of

Microwaves, Rectangular Waveguides-Solution of Wave Equation in Rectangular Coordinates,

TE/TM mode analysis, Expressions for fields, Cutoff frequencies, filter characteristics, dominant

and degenerate modes, sketches of TE and TM mode fields in the cross-section, Mode

characteristics - Phase and Group velocities, wavelengths and impedance relations, Rectangular

Waveguides – Power Transmission and Power Losses, Impossibility of TEM Modes, losses, Q-

factor, Cavity resonators-introduction, Rectangular and cylindrical cavities, dominant modes

and resonant frequencies, Q-factor and coupling coefficients, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT II:

Waveguide Components-I: Scattering Matrix - Significance, Formulation and properties, Wave

guide multiport junctions - E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, 2-hole Directional coupler, S

Matrix calculations for E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Directional coupler, Coupling

mechanisms - Probe, Loop, Aperture types, Wave guide discontinuities - Waveguide Windows,

tuning screws and posts, Irises, Transitions, Twists, Bends, Corners and matched loads,

Illustrative Problems.

Waveguide Components-II: Ferrites composition and characteristics, Faraday rotation, Ferrite

components - Gyrator, Isolator, Circulator.

UNIT III:

Linear beam Tubes: Limitations and losses of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies,

Classification of Microwave tubes, O type tubes - 2 cavity klystrons-structure, Reentrant

cavities, velocity modulation process and Applegate diagram, bunching process and small signal

theory Expressions for o/p power and efficiency, Reflex Klystrons-structure, Velocity

Modulation, Applegate diagram, mathematical theory of bunching, power output, efficiency,

oscillating modes and o/p characteristics, Effect of Repeller Voltage on Power o/p, Significance,

types and characteristics of slow wave structures, structure of TWT and amplification process

(qualitative treatment), Suppression of oscillations, Gain considerations.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

171

UNIT IV:

Cross-field Tubes: Introduction, Cross field effects, Magnetrons-different types, cylindrical

travelling wave magnetron-Hull cutoff and Hartree conditions, modes of resonance and PI-

mode operation, separation of PI-mode, O/P characteristics.

Microwave Semiconductor Devices: Introduction to Microwave semiconductor devices,

classification, applications, Transfer Electronic Devices, Gunn diode - principles, RWH theory,

Characteristics, Basic modes of operation - Gunn oscillation modes, LSA Mode, Varactor diode,

Parametric amplifier, Introduction to Avalanche Transit time devices (brief treatment only),

Illustrative Problems.

UNIT V:

Microwave Measurements: Description of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks and their

Features, Precautions; Waveguide Attenuators – Resistive Card, Rotary Vane types; Waveguide

Phase Shifters – Dielectric, Rotary Vane types. Network Analyzer, Power Meter, Spectrum

Analyzer, Microwave Power Measurement – Bolometer Method. Measurement of Attenuation,

Frequency, VSWR, Cavity Q. Impedance Measurements.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Microwave Devices and Circuits – Samuel Y. Liao, PHI, 3rd Edition,1994.

2. Microwave and Radar Engineering- M.Kulkarni, Umesh Publications,1998.

REFERENCES :

1. Foundations for Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, IEEE Press, John Wiley, 2nd

Edition, 2002.

2. Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices – M.L. Sisodia and G.S.Raghuvanshi, Wiley

Eastern Ltd., New Age International Publishers Ltd., 1995.

3. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits – Peter A. Rizzi, PHI, 1999.

4. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th ed., 1955.

5. Elements of Microwave Engineering – R. Chatterjee, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi,1988.

COURSE OUTCOMES

1. Understand the significance of microwaves and microwave transmission lines

2. Analyze the characteristics of microwave tubes and compare them

3. Be able to list and explain the various microwave solid state devices

4. Can set up a microwave bench for measuring microwave parameters

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

172

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0421) EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

For embedded systems, the course will enable the students to:

1. Understand the basics of an embedded system.

2. Program an embedded system.

3. To learn the design process of embedded system applications.

4. To understands the RTOS and inter-process communication.

5. To understand different communication interfaces.

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Complex systems and microprocessors-embedding computers, characteristics of embedded

computing applications, challenges in embedded computing system design, performance in

embedded computing; The embedded system design process-requirements, specification,

architecture design, designing hardware and software, components, system integration, design

example.

UNIT-II TYPICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Core of the embedded system-general purpose and domain specific processors, ASICs, PLDs,

COTs; Memory-ROM, RAM, memory according to the type of interface, memory shadowing,

memory selection for embedded systems; Sensors, actuators and other components-sensors,

actuators, seven segment LED, relay, piezo buzzer, push button switch, reset circuit, brownout

protection circuit, oscillator circuit real time clock, watch dog timer.

UNIT-III EMBEDDED FIRMWARE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Embedded firmware design approaches-super loop based approach, operating system based

approach; Embedded firmware development languages-assembly language based

development, high level language based development; Programming in embedded c.

UNIT-IV RTOS BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

Operating system basics, types of operating systems, tasks, process and threads,

multiprocessing and multitasking, task scheduling: non-preemptive and pre-emptive

scheduling; task communication-shared memory, message passing.

UNIT-V COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

Onboard communication interfaces-I2C, SPI, UART, 1 wire interface, parallel interface; External

communication interfaces-RS232 and RS485,USB, infrared, Bluetooth, wi-Fi, zigbee, GPRS;

Automotive networks and sensor networks.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Computers as Components –Wayne Wolf, Morgan Kaufmann (second edition).

2. Introduction to Embedded Systems - shibu k v, Mc Graw Hill Education.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

173

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Embedded System Design -frank vahid, tony grivargis, john Wiley.

2. Embedded Systems- An integrated approach - Lyla b das, Pearson education 2012.

3. Embedded Systems – Raj kamal, TMH

4. An embedded Software Primer, David e Simon, Pearson education

COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Understand and design the embedded systems

2. Learn the basics of OS and RTOS

3. Understand types of memory and interfacing to external world

4. Understand embedded firmware design approaches

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

174

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B. Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The course objectives are:

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE - III

(R18A0422) DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

1. Provide the student with the fundamentals of digital image processing

2. Give the students a taste of the applications of the theories taught in the subject. This

will be achieved through the project and some selected lab sessions.

3. Introduce the students to some advanced topics in digital image processing.

4. Give the students a useful skill base that would allow them to carry out further study

should they be interested and to work in the field.

UNIT I

Digital image fundamentals & Image Transforms:- Digital Image fundamentals, Sampling and

quantization, Relationship between pixels.

Image Transforms: 2-D FFT , Properties. Walsh transform, Hadamard Transform, Discrete

cosine Transform, Haar transform, Slant transform, Hotelling transform.

UNIT II

Image enhancement (spatial domain) : Introduction, Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain,

Enhancement Through Point Operation, Types of Point Operation, Histogram Manipulation,

Linear and non linear gray level Transformation, local or neighborhood operation, median

filter,spatial domain high-pass filtering.

Image enhancement (Frequency domain): Filtering in Frequency Domain, Obtaining Frequency

Domain Filters from Spatial Filters, Generating Filters Directly in the Frequency Domain, Low

Pass(smoothing) and High Pass (sharpening) filters in Frequency Domain

UNIT III

Image Restoration: Degradation Mode, Algebraic Approach to Restoration, Inverse Filtering,

Least Mean Square Filters, Constrained Least Squares Restoration, Interactive Restoration

UNIT IV

Image segmentation: Detection of discontinuities. Edge linking and boundary detection,

Thresholding, Region oriented segmentation

Morphological Image Processing :Dilation and Erosion, Dilation, Structuring Element

Decomposition, Erosion, Combining Dilation and Erosion, Opening and Closing, The Hit or Miss

Transformation.

UNIT V

Image Compression:

Redundancies and their Removal Methods, Fidelity Criteria, Image Compression Models,

Huffman and Arithmetic Coding, Error Free Compression, Lossy Compression, Lossy and

Laooless Predictive Coding, Transform Based Compression, JPEG 2000 Standards.

TEXT BOOKS:

Digital Image Processing- Rafeal C.Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, 3

Edition, Pearson,

2008

Digital Image Processing- S Jayaraman, S. Essakkirajan, T. Veerakumar-TMH,2010

B.Tech (ECE)

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175

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1 Digital Image Processing and analysis-human and computer visionapplication with using CVIP

Tools – Scotte Umbaugh,2

Ed, CRC Press,2011

2. Introduction to Digital Image Processing with Matlab, Alasdair McAndrew, Thomson Course

Technology

3. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing-A.K. Jain, PHI,1989

4.Digital Image Processing and computer Vision-Somka, Halavac,Boyle-Cengage learning (Indian

edition)2008,

5. Digital Image Processing using Matlab, Rafeal C.Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, Steven L. Eddins,

Pearson Education.

6. Introduction to Image Processing & Analysis-John C.Russ, J. Christian Russ, CRC Press,2010

7. Digital Image Processing with MATLAB & Labview-Vipula Singh Elsevier

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1. Upon Successfully completing the course, the student should:

2. Have an appreciation of the fundamentals of Digital Image Processing including the

topics of filtering,transforms and morphology, and image analysis and compession

3. Be able to implement basic image processing algorithums in MATLAB.

4. Have the skill base necessary to further explore advance d topics of Digital Image

Processing.

5. Be in a position to make a positive professional contribution in the field of Digital Image

Processing.

6. At the end of the course the student should have a clear impression of the breadth and

practical scope of Digital Image Processing and have arrived at a level of understanding

that is the foundation for most of the work currently underway in this field.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

176

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – III

(R18A0423) SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. Focus on the fundamentals of digital speech processing and their application to coding,

synthesis and recognition.

2. Emphasize on how digital signal processing techniques can be applied in problems

related to speech communication.

3. Provide an overview of the way in which digital speech processing is being applied in

present day applications.

UNIT – I

FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING

Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Organs, The process of Speech Production, The Acoustic

Theory of Speech Production, Loss less tube models, Digital Speech Processing, Digital models

for speech signals.

UNIT – II

TIME DOMAIN MODELS FOR SPEECH PROCESSING

Introduction- Window considerations, Short time energy and average magnitude Short time

average zero crossing rate ,Speech vs. silence discrimination using energy and zero crossing,

Pitch period estimation using a parallel processing approach, The short time autocorrelation

function, The short time average magnitude difference function, Pitch period estimation using

the autocorrelation function.

UNIT – III

LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING (LPC) ANALYSIS

Basic principles of Linear Predictive Analysis: The Autocorrelation Method, The Covariance

Method, Solution of LPC Equations: Cholesky Decomposition Solution for Covariance Method,

Durbin’s Recursive Solution for the Auto Correlation Equations, Comparison between the

Methods of Solution of the LPC Analysis Equations, Applications of LPC Parameters: Pitch

Detection using LPC Parameters, Formant Analysis using LPC Parameters.

UNIT – IV

SPEECH ENHANCEMENT

Nature of interfering sounds, Speech enhancement techniques: Single Microphone Approach:

spectral substraction, Wiener filter, Multi microphone Approach, Spectral restoration: MMSE-

STSA, MMSE-LSA.

UNIT – V

SPEECH & SPEAKER RECOGNITION

Speech recognition

Basic pattern recognition approaches, parametric representation of speech, evaluating the

similarity of speech patterns, Accommodating both spectral and temporal variability, Speech

Recognition Systems: Isolated Digit Recognition System, Continuous digit Recognition System

B.Tech (ECE)

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

177

Speaker recognition

Recognition techniques, Features that distinguish speakers, Speaker Recognition Systems:

Speaker Verification System, Speaker Identification System.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital processing of speech signals - L.R Rabiner and S.W.Schafer. Pearson Education.

2. Speech Communications: Human & Machine - Douglas O'Shaughnessy, 2nd ed., IEEE

Press.

3. Fundamental of speech recognition: L.R Rabinar, Biing-Hwang Jung, Pearson Education.

REFERENCES:

1. Discrete Time Speech Signal Processing: principles and Practice - Thomas F. Quateri 1

ed., PE.

2. Speech & Audio Signal Processing- Ben Gold & Nelson Morgan, 1 ed., Wiley.

3. Speech and Language Processing, Jurafsky, Pearson Education.

4. Voice and Speech Processing, Thomas Parsons, McGraw Hill Series

5. Signal Processing of Speech, Owens F.J., Macmillan New Electronics

COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:

1. Understand the fundamentals of digital speech processing and their application to

coding, synthesis and recognition.

2. Emphasize on how digital signal processing techniques can be applied in problems

related to speech communication.

3. Provide an overview of the way in which digital speech processing is being applied in

present day applications.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

178

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – III

(R18A0424) MULTIMEDIA AND SIGNAL CODING

1. To provide an introduction to the fundamental principles and techniques in Multimedia

Signal coding and compression.

2. To give an overview of current multimedia standards and technologies.

3. To provide techniques related to computer and multimedia networks.

4. To provide knowledge related to Multimedia Network Communications and

Applications.

UNIT-I:

Introduction to Multimedia: Multimedia, World Wide Web, Overview of Multimedia Tools,

Multimedia Authoring, Graphics/ Image Data Types, and File Formats.

Color in Image and Video: Color Science – Image Formation, Camera Systems, Gamma

Correction, Color Matching Functions, CIE Chromaticity Diagram, Color Monitor Specifications,

Out-of-Gamut Colors, White Point Correction, XYZ to RGB Transform, Transform with Gamma

Correction, L*A*B* Color Model. Color Models in Images – RGB Color Model for CRT Displays,

Subtractive Color: CMY Color Model, Transformation from RGB to CMY, Under Color Removal:

CMYK System, Printer Gamuts, Color Models in Video – Video Color Transforms, YUV Color

Model, YIQ Color Model, Ycbcr Color Model.

UNIT-II:

Video Concepts: Types of Video Signals, Analog Video, Digital Video.

Audio Concepts: Digitization of Sound, Quantization and Transmission of Audio.

UNIT-III:

Compression Algorithms:

Lossless Compression Algorithms: Run Length Coding, Variable Length Coding, Arithmetic

Coding, Lossless JPEG, Image Compression. Lossy Image Compression Algorithms: Transform

Coding: KLT And DCT Coding, Wavelet Based Coding. Image Compression Standards: JPEG and

JPEG2000.

UNIT-IV:

Video Compression Techniques: Introduction to Video Compression, Video Compression Based

on Motion Compensation, Search for Motion Vectors, H.261- Intra-Frame and InterFrame

Coding, Quantization, Encoder and Decoder, Overview of MPEG1 and MPEG2.

UNIT-V:

Audio Compression Techniques: ADPCM in Speech Coding, G.726 ADPCM, Vocoders – Phase

Insensitivity, Channel Vocoder, Formant Vocoder, Linear Predictive Coding, CELP, Hybrid

Excitation Vocoders, MPEG Audio – MPEG Layers, MPEG Audio Strategy, MPEG Audio

Compression Algorithms, MPEG-2 AAC, MPEG-4 Audio.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

179

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Fundamentals of Multimedia – Ze- Nian Li, Mark S. Drew, PHI, 2010.

2. Multimedia Signals & Systems – Mrinal Kr. Mandal Springer International Edition 1st

Edition, 2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Multimedia Communication Systems – Techniques, Stds & Netwroks K.R. Rao, Zorans.

Bojkoric, Dragorad A. Milovanovic, 1st Edition, 2002.

2. Fundamentals of Multimedia Ze- Nian Li, Mark S.Drew, Pearson Education (LPE), 1st

Edition, 2009.

3. Multimedia Systems John F. Koegel Bufond Pearson Education (LPE), 1st Edition, 2003.

4. Digital Video Processing – A. Murat Tekalp, PHI, 1996.

5. Video Processing and Communications – Yaowang, Jorn Ostermann, Ya-QinZhang,

Pearson, 2002.

COURSE OUTCOMES

1. Upon successfully completion of the course, the student should:

2. Understand the fundamentals behind the multimedia signal processing

3. Understand the fundamentals behind the multimedia compression

4. Understand the basic principles behind the existing multimedia compression and

communication standards

5. Understand future multimedia technologies and apply the acquired knowledge to

specific multimedia related problems and projects at work

6. Take advance courses in this area.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

180

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

- -/ 3 /- 1.5

(R18A0489) eCAD & VLSI LAB

Note: Minimum of 10 programs from Part –I and 4 programs from Part -II are to be conducted.

Design and implementation of the following CMOS digital/analog circuits using Cadence /

Mentor Graphics / Synopsys / Equivalent CAD tools. The design shall include Gate-level design,

Transistor-level design, Hierarchical design, Verilog HDL/VHDL design, Logic synthesis,

Simulation and verification.

Part –I: VLSI Front End Design programs:

Programming can be done using any complier. Down load the programs on FPGA/CPLD boards

and performance testing may be done using pattern generator (32 channels) and logic analyzer

apart from verification by simulation with any of the front end tools.

1. HDL code to realize all the logic gates

2. Design and Simulation of adder, Serial Binary Adder, Multi Precession Adder, Carry

Look Ahead Adder.

3. Design of 2-to-4 decoder

4. Design of 8-to-3 encoder (without and with parity)

5. Design of 8-to-1 multiplexer

6. Design of 4 bit binary to gray converter

7. Design of Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer, comparator

8. Design of Full adder using 3 modeling styles

9. Design of flip flops: SR, D, JK, T

10. Design of 4-bit binary, BCD counters ( synchronous/ asynchronous reset) or any Sequence

Counter

11. Design of a N- bit Register of Serial- in Serial –out, Serial in parallel out, Parallel in

Serial out and Parallel in Parallel Out.

12. Design of Sequence Detector (Finite State Machine- Mealy and Moore Machines).

13. Design of 4- Bit Multiplier, Divider.

14. Design of ALU to Perform – ADD, SUB, AND-OR, 1’s and 2’s Compliment,

Multiplication, and Division.

Part –II: VLSI Back End Design programs:

Design and implementation of the following CMOS digital/analog circuits using Cadence /

Mentor Graphics / Synopsys / Equivalent CAD tools. The design shall include Gate-level

design/Transistor-level design/Hierarchical design/Verilog HDL or VHDL design, Logic synthesis,

Simulation and verification, Scaling of CMOS Inverter for different technologies, study of

secondary effects (temperature, power supply and process corners), Circuit optimization with

respect to area, performance and/or power, Layout, Extraction of parasitics and back

annotation, modifications in circuit parameters and layout consumption, DC/transient analysis,

Verification of layouts (DRC, LVS).

B.Tech (ECE)

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

181

1. Introduction to layout design rules

2. Layout, physical verification, placement & route for complex design, static timing analysis, IR

drop analysis and crosstalk analysis of the following:

1. Basic logic gates

2. CMOS inverter

3. CMOS NOR/ NAND gates

4. CMOS XOR and MUX gates

5. CMOS 1-bit full adder

6. Static / Dynamic logic circuit (register cell)

7. Latch

8. Pass transistor

3. Introduction to SPICE simulation of NMOS/CMOS circuit

4. SPICE Simulation of basic analog circuits: Inverter/Differential Amplifier

5. Analog Circuit simulation (AC analysis) of CS & CD Amplifier

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

182

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-I Sem L T/P/D C

- -/ 3 /- 1.5

(R18A0490) ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MICROWAVE LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Part – A: Electromagnetics Lab (Any Five experiments using any simulation software)

1) Find and studies on the several of Standing Wave Pattern along a

transmission line when the line is open-circuited, short circuited and

terminated by a resistive load at the load end.

2) Familiarization of Smith chart on MATLAB platform, for this experiment need

to learn theory Smith chart & basic concept of MATLAB Software.

3) To learn the radiation pattern of different type of antennas Eg: dipole, folded-

dipole, 3-element Yagi-Uda antenna and measure HPBW & FNBW for corresponding

antennas.

4) Comparative study to find beam width, gain and radiation pattern of a 3-

element, 5-element and 7-element parasitic array (Yagi-Uda) antenna.

5) To calculate gain, directivity of a Pyramidal Horn Antenna with obtaining

radiation pattern.

6) Familiarization with different signal on Spectrum Analyzer. In the process student

can learn the significances of the manufactures specifications etc.

Part – B: Microwave Lab (Any six experiments)

1. Characteristics of gunn diode

2.Characteristics of the reflex klystron tube

3.Attenuation measurement

4.Impedance and Frequency measurement

5.Characteristics of multihole directional coupler

6.Determination of standing wave ratio and reflection coefficient

7..Study of magic tee

Equipment required for Microwave Laboratory:

1. Regulated Klystron Power Supply

2. VSWR Meter

3. Micro Ammeter - 0 – 500 µA

4. Multimeter

5. CRO

6. GUNN Power Supply, Pin Modulator

7. Reflex Klystron Tube

8. Crystal Diodes

9. Micro wave components (Attenuation)

10. Frequency Meter

11. Slotted line carriage

12. Probe detector

13. wave guide shorts

14. Directional Coupler

15. E, H, Magic Tee

16. Circulators, Isolator

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

183

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

(R18A0425) WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To provide the students with the fundamental treatment about many practical and

theoretical concepts that forms basic of wireless communication to equip the students

with various kinds of wireless networks and its operations.

2. To prepare the students to understand the concept of frequency reuse and be able to

apply it in the design of mobile cellular system

3. To prepare the students to understand various modulation schemes and multiple access

techniques that are used in wireless communications

4. To provide an analytical perspective on the design and analysis the traditional and

emerging wireless networks and to discuss the nature of and solution methods to the

fundamental problems in the wireless networking

5. To train the students to understand the architecture and operation of various wireless

WAN such as GSM, IS-95, GPRS and SMS

6. To train students to understand wireless LAN architectures and operations

7. To prepare students to understand the emerging technique OFDM and its importance in

the wireless communications

UNIT -I

INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Evolution of mobile radio

communications, examples of wireless communication systems-paging systems, cordless

telephone systems, cellular telephone systems, comparison of common wireless

communication systems, trends in cellular radio and personal communications. MODERN

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Second generation (2G) cellular networks, third

generation (3G) wireless networks, wireless local loop (WLL) and LMDS, wireless local area

networks (WLANs), Bluetooth and personal area networks (PANs).

UNIT –II:

Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss: Introduction to Radio Wave Propagation, Free

Space Propagation Model, Relating Power to Electric Field, The Three Basic Propagation

Mechanisms, Reflection-Reflection from Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Reflection from prefect

conductors, Ground Reflection (Two-Ray) Model, Diffraction-Fresnel Zone Geo metry, Knife-

edge Diffraction Model, Multiple knife-edge Diffraction, Scattering, Outdoor Propagation

Models-Longley-Ryce Model, Okumura Model, Hata Model, PCS Extension to Hata Model,

Walfisch and Bertoni Model, Wideband PCS Microcell Model, Indoor Propagation Models-

Partition losses (Same Floor), Partition losses between Floors, Log-distance path loss model,

Ericsson Multiple Breakpoint Model, Attenuation Factor Model, Signal penetration into

buildings, Ray Tracing and Site Specific Modeling.

UNIT –III:

Mobile Radio Propagation: Small –Scale Fading and MultipathSmall Scale Multipath

propagation-Factors influencing small scale fading, Doppler shift, Impulse Response Model of a

multipath channel-Relationship between Bandwidth and Received power, Small-Scale

B.Tech (ECE)

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

184

Multipath Measurements-Direct RF Pulse System, Spread Spectrum Sliding Correlator Channel

Sounding, Frequency Domain Channels Sounding, Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels-

Time Dispersion Parameters, Coherence Bandwidth, Doppler Spread and Coherence Time,

Types of Small-Scale Fading-Fading effects Due to Multipath Time Delay Spread, Flat fading,

Frequency selective fading, Fading effects Due to Doppler Spread-Fast fading, slow fading,

Statistical Models for multipath Fading Channels-Clarke‘s model for flat fading, spectral shape

due to Doppler spread in Clarke‘s model, Simulation of Clarke and Gans Fading Model, Level

crossing and fading statistics, Two-ray Rayleigh Fading Model.

UNIT –IV

WI-FI AND THE IEEE 802.11 WIRELESS LAN STANDARD: IEEE 802 Architecture, IEEE 802.11

Architecture and Services, 802.11Medium Access Control, 802.11 Physical Layer, Other IEEE

802.11 Standards, Wi-Fi Protected Access.BLUETOOTH AND IEEE 802.15: Overview, radio

specification, baseband specification, link manager specification, logical link control and

adaptation protocol, IEEE 802.15.

UNIT -V

MOBILE DATA NETWORKS: Introduction, data oriented CDPD network, GPRS and higher data

rates, short messaging service in GSM, mobile application protocols.WIRELESS ATM &

HIPERLAN: Introduction, Wireless ATM, HIPERLAN, HIPERLAN-2.

TEXT BOOKS:

Theodore S. Rappaport (2002), Wireless Communications -Principles Practice,2

edition,

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

William Stallings (2009), Wireless Communications and Networks,2

edition, Pearson

Education, India.

Kaveh PahLaven, Prashanth Krishna Murthy (2007), Principles of Wireless Networks -A Unified

Approach, Pearson Education, India.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.Dr. Kamilo Feher (2003), Wireless Digital Communications,Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

2.Jochen Schiller (2009), Mobile Communications, 2

edition, Pearson Education, India.

3. Andreas F. Molisch (2006), Wireless Communications, Wiley –India, New Delhi.

COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:

1. Understand the principles of wireless communications

2. Understand fundamentals of wireless networking

3. Understand cellular system design concepts

4. Analyze various multiple access schemes using wireless communication

5. Understand Wireless WANs and their performance analysis

6. Demonstrate wireless LAN and their specifications

7. Familiar with some of the existing and emerging wireless standards

8. Understand the concept of OFDM

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

185

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – IV

(R18A0426) DETECTION AND ESTIMATION THEORY

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1) To study various Random Processes in detail.

2) To study Detection Theory in detail.

3) To analyze Linear Minimum MSE Filtering.

4) To study Statistics in detail.

5) To study about estimating the parameters of Random Processes from Data.

UNIT –I : Random Processes: Discrete Linear Models, Markov Sequences and Processes, Point

Processes, and Gaussian Processes.

UNIT –II : Detection Theory: Basic Detection Problem, Maximum A posteriori Decision Rule,

Minimum Probability of Error Classifier, Bayes Decision Rule, Multiple-Class Problem (Bayes)-

minimum probability error with and without equal a priori probabilities, Neyman-Pearson

Classifier, General Calculation of Probability of Error, General Gaussian Problem, Composite

Hypotheses.

UNIT –III: Linear Minimum Mean-Square Error Filtering: Linear Minimum Mean Squared Error

Estimators, Nonlinear Minimum Mean Squared Error Estimators. Innovations, Digital Wiener

Filters with Stored Data, Real-time Digital Wiener Filters, Kalman Filters.

UNIT –IV : Statistics: Measurements, Nonparametric Estimators of Probability Distribution and

Density Functions, Point Estimators of Parameters, Measures of the Quality of Estimators,

Introduction to Interval Estimates, Distribution of Estimators, Tests of Hypotheses, Simple

Linear Regression, Multiple Linear Regression.

UNIT –V : Estimating the Parameters of Random Processes from Data: Tests for Stationarity

and Ergodicity, Model-free Estimation, Model-based Estimation of Autocorrelation Functions,

Power Special Density Functions.

TEXT BOOKS:

K. Sam Shanmugan & A.M. Breipohl, “Random Signals: Detection, Estimation and Data

Analysis”, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd, 2011.

Lonnie C. Ludeman, “Random Processes: Filtering, Estimation and Detection”, Wiley

India Pvt. Ltd., 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Steven.M.Kay, “Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Volume I Estimation

Theory”, Prentice Hall, USA, 1998.

Steven.M.Kay, “Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Volume I Detection

Theory Prentice”, Hall, USA, 1998.

Srinath, Rajasekaran, Viswanathan, “Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing with

Applications”, 2003, PHI.

Louis L.Scharf, “Statistical Signal Processing: Detection, Estimation and Time Series

Analysis”, 1991, Addison Wesley.

B.Tech (ECE)

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

186

Harry L. Van Trees, “Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory: Part – I”, 2001, John

Wiley & Sons, USA.

Mischa Schwartz, Leonard Shaw, “Signal Processing: Discrete Spectral Analysis –

Detection & Estimation”, 1975, Mc Graw Hill.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the students will be able to

1) Understand various Random Processes in detail.

2) Understand Detection Theory in detail.

3) Understand Linear Minimum MSE Filtering.

4) Understand Statistics in detail.

5) Understand estimating the parameters of Random Processes from Data.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

187

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – IV

(R18A0427) DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To introduce architectural features of programmable DSP Processors of TI and Analog

Devices.

2. To recall digital transform techniques.

3. To give practical examples of DSP Processor architectures for better understanding.

4. To develop the programming knowledge using Instruction set of DSP Processors.

5. To understand interfacing techniques to memory and I/O devices.

UNIT –I:

Introduction to Digital Signal Processing:

Introduction, A Digital signal-processing system, The sampling process, Discrete time

sequences. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Linear time-

invariant systems, Digital filters, Decimation and interpolation.

Computational Accuracy in DSP Implementations:

Number formats for signals and coefficients in DSP systems, Dynamic Range and Precision,

Sources of error in DSP implementations, A/D Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors,

D/A Conversion Errors, Compensating filter.

UNIT –II:

Architectures for Programmable DSP Devices:

Basic Architectural features, DSP Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory,

Data Addressing Capabilities, Address Generation UNIT, Programmability and Program

Execution, Speed Issues, Features for External interfacing.

UNIT -III:

Programmable Digital Signal Processors:

Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs,

Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors, Memory space of TMS320C54XX

Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX instructions and Programming, On-Chip

Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline operation of TMS320C54XX

Processors.

UNIT –IV:

Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices:

Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices – ALU and MAC block diagram, Shifter Instruction, Base

Architecture of ADSP 2100, ADSP-2181 high performance Processor.

Introduction to Blackfin Processor - The Blackfin Processor, Introduction to Micro Signal

Architecture, Overview of Hardware Processing Units and Register files, Address Arithmetic

Unit, Control Unit, Bus Architecture and Memory, Basic Peripherals.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

188

UNIT –V:

Interfacing Memory and I/O Peripherals to Programmable DSP Devices:

Memory space organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O

interface, Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Signal Processing – Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson Publications, 2004.

2. A Practical Approach to Digital Signal Processing - K Padmanabhan, R. Vijayarajeswaran,

Ananthi. S, New Age International, 2006/2009

3. Embedded Signal Processing with the Micro Signal Architecture Publisher: Woon-Seng Gan,

Sen M. Kuo, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2007

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications – B. Venkataramani

and M. Bhaskar, 2002, TMH.

2. Digital Signal Processing – Jonatham Stein, 2005, John Wiley.

3. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures & Features – Lapsley et al. 2000, S. Chand & Co.

4.Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-2100 Family by The Applications

Engineering Staff of Analog Devices, DSP Division, Edited by Amy Mar, PHI

5.The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing by Steven W. Smith, Ph.D.,

California Technical Publishing, ISBN 0-9660176-3-3, 1997 6.Embedded Media Processing by

David J. Katz and Rick Gentile of Analog Devices, Newnes, ISBN 0750679123, 2005

COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:

1. To distinguish between the architectural features of general purpose processors and DSP

processors

2. Understand the architectures of TMS 320C54XX and ADSP2100 DSP devices

3. Able to write assembly language programs using instruction set of TMS320C54XX

4. Can interface various devices to DSP Processors

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

189

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B. Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE - IV

(R18A0428) RF CIRCUIT DESIGN

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The Course Objectives are:

1. To educate students fundamental RF circuit and system design skills.

2. To introduce students the basic transmission line theory, single and multiport networks, RF

component modelling.

3. To offer students experience on designing matching and biasing networks & RF transistor

amplifier design.

UNIT-I:

Introduction: Importance of RF Design-Dimensions and Units-Frequency Spectrum-RF Behavior

of Passive Components: High Frequency Resistors, High Frequency Capacitors, High Frequency

Inductors.-Chip Components and Circuit Board Considerations: Chip Resistors, Chip Capacitors,

and Surface Mount Inductors

Review of Transmission Lines: Types of Transmission Lines-Equivalent Circuit representation-R,

L, C, G parameters of Different Line configurations-Terminated Lossless Transmission Lines-

Special Terminations: Short Circuit, Open Circuit and Quarter Wave Transmission Lines-Sourced

and Loaded Transmission Lines: Power Considerations, Input Impedance Matching, Return Loss

and Insertion Loss.

UNIT-II:

SingleandMulti-PortNetworks:TheSmithChart:ReflectionCoefficient,Normalized Impedance-

Impedance Transformation: Standing wave Ratio, Special Transformation Conditions-

Admittance Transformation-Parallel and Series RL & RC Connections-Basic Definitions of Single

and Multi-Port Networks-Interconnecting Networks.

RF Filter Design:Scattering Parameters: Definition, Meaning, Chain Scattering Matrix,

Conversion Between S-and Z-parameters, Signal Flow Chart Modeling, Generalization-Basic

Resonator and Filter Configurations: Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass and Band Stop type Filters-

Filter Implementation using Unit Element and Kuroda's Identities Transformations-Coupled

Filters.

UNIT-III:

Active RF Component Modelling: RF Diode Models: Nonlinear and Linear Models-Transistor

Models: Large Signal and Small Signal BJT Models, Large Signal and Small Signal FET Models-

Scattering Parameter, Device

Characterization.

UNIT-IV:

Matching and Biasing Networks:Impedance Matching Using Discrete Components: Two

Component Matching Networks, Forbidden Regions, Frequency Response and Quality Factor, T

and Pi Matching Networks-

Amplifier Classes of Operation and Biasing Networks: Classes of Operation and Efficiency of

Amplifiers, Biasing Networks for BJT, Biasing Networks for FET.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

190

UNIT-V:

RF Transistor Amplifier Design:Characteristics of Amplifiers-Amplifier Power Relations: RF

Source, Transducer Power Gain, Additional Power Relations-Stability Considerations: Stability

Circles, Unconditional Stability, And Stabilization Methods-Unilateral and Bilateral Design for

Constant Gain-Noise Figure Circles-Constant VSWR Circles.

RF Oscillators and Mixers:Basic Oscillator Model: Negative Resistance Oscillator, Feedback

Oscillator Design, Design steps, Quartz Oscillators-

Fixed Frequency High Frequency Oscillator -Basic Characteristics of

Mixers: Concepts, Frequency Domain Considerations, Single Ended Mixer Design, Single and

Double Balanced Mixers.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. RF Circuit Design –Theory and Applications -Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bsetchko –Pearson

Education India, 2000.

2. Radio Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits –Analysis and Design -

Devendra K.Misra –Wiley Student Edition –John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Radio Frequency and Microwave Electronics –Matthew M. Radmanesh –PEI.

2. RF Circuit Design –Christopher Bowick, Cheryl Aljuni and John Biyler,Elsevier Science,

2008.

3. Secrets of RF Circuit Design -Joseph J.Carr, TMH, 2000.

4. Design of RF and Microwave Amplifiersand Oscillators Peter L.D. Abrif, Artech House,

2000.

5. The Design of CMOS Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits -Thomas H.Lee, 2/e -

Cambridge University Press, 2004.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Explore fundamental RF circuit and system design skills.

2. Understand the basic transmission line theory, single and multiport networks, RF

component modelling.

3. Design matching and biasing networks & RF transistor amplifiers.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

191

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – V

(R18A0429) SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

1. To prepare the student to excel in basic knowledge of satellite communication

principles.

2. To provide students with solid foundation in orbital mechanics and launches for the

satellite communication

3. To train the students with the basic knowledge of link design of satellite with a design

examples.

4. To provide the better understanding of multiple access systems and earth station

technology.

5. To prepare the students with knowledge in satellite navigation and GPS and satellite

packet communication

UNIT -I:

Communication Satellite: Orbit and Description: A Brief history of satellite Communication,

satellite Frequency Bands, Satellite Systems, Applications, Orbital Period and Velocity, effects of

orbital Inclination, Azimuth and Elevation, Coverage angle and slant Range, Eclipse, Orbital

Perturbations, Placement of a Satellite in a Geo-Stationary orbit.

UNIT -II:

Satellite Sub-Systems: Attitude and Orbit Control system, TT&C subsystem, Attitude Control

subsystem, Power systems, Communication subsystems, Satellite Antenna Equipment.

Satellite Link: Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T ratio, Basic Link

Analysis, Interference Analysis, Design of satellite Links for a specified C/N, (With and without

frequency Re-use), Link Budget.

UNIT -III:

Propagation Effects:Introduction, Atmospheric Absorption, Cloud Attenuation, Tropospheric

and Ionospeheric Scintillation and Low angle fading, Rain induced attenuation, rain induced

cross polarization interference. Multiple Access:Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -

Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -Frame Structure,

Burst Structure, Satellite switched TDMA, On-board Processing, Demand Assignment Multiple

Access (DAMA) –Types of Demand Assignment, Characteristics, CDMA Spread Spectrum

Transmission and Reception.

UNIT -IV:

Earth Station Technology:Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking Systems, Terrestrial

Interface, Power Test Methods, Lower Orbit Considerations.Satellite Navigation and Global

Positioning Systems:Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS Position Location Principles, GPS

Receivers, GPS C/A Code Accuracy, Differential GPS.

UNIT -V:

Satellite Packet Communications:Message Transmission by FDMA: M/G/1 Queue, Message

Transmission by TDMA, PURE ALOHA-Satellite Packet Switching, Slotted Aloha, Packet

Reservation, Tree Algorithm.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

192

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Satellite Communications –Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian, Jeremy Allnutt, 2ndEdition, 2003,

John Wiley & Sons.

2. Satellite Communications Engineering –Wilbur, L. Pritchand, Robert A. Nelson and Heuri G.

Suyderhoud, 2ndEd., Pearson Publications.

3. Digital Satellite Communications-Tri.T.Ha, 2ndEdition, 1990, Mc.Graw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.Satellite Communications-Dennis Roddy, 2ndEdition, 1996, McGraw Hill.

2.Satellite Communications: Design Principles –M. Richcharia, 2ndEd., BSP, 2003.

3.Digital Satellite Communications –Tri. T. Ha, 2ndEd., MGH, 1990.

4.Fundamentals of Satellite Communications –K. N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004.

COURSE OUTCOMES

1. Student will understand the historical background, basic concepts and frequency allocations

for satellite communications

2. Students will demonstrate the orbital mechanics, launch vehicles and launchers

3. Student will demonstrate the design of satellite links for specified C/N with system design

examples

4. Students will be able to visualize satellites sub systems like telemetry, tracking, command

and monitoring power systems etc.,

Students will understand the various multiple access systems for satellite communication

systems and satellite packet communications

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

193

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – V

(R18A0430) SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of this course are to make the student

Understand the concept of Spread Spectrum and study various types of

Spread spectrum sequences and their generation.

Understand the principles of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and use of Spread

spectrum concept in CDMA

Understand various Code tracing loops for optimum tracking of wideband signals

viz spread spectrum signals

Understand the procedure for synchronization of receiver for receiving the

Spread spectrum signal.

Study the performance of spread spectrum systems in Jamming environment,

systems with Forward Error Correction and Multiuser detection in CDMA cellular radio.

UNIT – I: Introduction to Spread Spectrum Systems: Fundamental Concepts of Spread

Spectrum Systems, Pseudo Noise Sequences, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, Frequency

Hop Spread Spectrum, Hybrid Direct Sequence Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum, Code

Division Multiple Access.

Binary Shift Register Sequences for Spread Spectrum Systems: Introduction,

Definitions, Mathematical Background and Sequence Generator Fundamentals, Maximal

Length Sequences, Gold Codes.

UNIT – II: Code Tracking Loops: Introduction, Optimum Tracking of Wideband Signals, Base

Band Delay-Lock Tracking Loop, Tau-Dither Non- Coherent Tracking Loop, Double Dither

NonCoherent Tracking Loop.

UNIT – III: Initial Synchronization of the Receiver Spreading Code: Introduction, Problem

Definition and the Optimum Synchronizer, Serial Search Synchronization Techniques,

Synchronization using a Matched Filter, Synchronization by Estimated the Received Spreading

Code.

UNIT – IV: Cellular Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Principles: Introduction, Wide

Band Mobile Channel, The Cellular CDMA System, Single User Receiver in a Multi User

Channel, CDMA System Capacity. Multi-User Detection in CDMA Cellular Radio: Optimal Multi-

User Detection, Linear Suboptimal Detectors, Interference Combat Detection Schemes,

Interference Cancellation Techniques.

UNIT – V: Performance of Spread Spectrum Systems in Jamming Environments: Spread

Spectrum Communication System Model, Performance of Spread Spectrum Systems without

Coding. Performance of Spread Spectrum Systems with Forward Error Correction: Elementary

Block Coding Concepts, Optimum Decoding Rule, Calculation of Error Probability,

Elementary Convolution Coding Concepts, Viterbi Algorithm, Decoding and Bit-Error Rate.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

194

TEXT BOOKS:

Rodger E Ziemer, Roger L. Peterson and David E Borth – “Introduction to

Spread Spectrum Communication- Pearson, 1st Edition, 1995.

Mosa Ali Abu-Rgheff – “Introduction to CDMA Wireless Communications.”

Elsevier Publications, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

George R. Cooper, Clare D. Mc Gillem – “Modern Communication and

Spread Spectrum,” McGraw Hill, 1986.

Andrew j. Viterbi – “CDMA: Principles of spread spectrum communication,”

Pearson Education, 1st Edition, 1995.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On completion of this course student will be able to

Generate various types of Spread spectrum sequences and can simulate CDMA system

(Both Transmitter & Receiver).

Analyze the performance of Spread spectrum systems in Jamming environment

and systems with Forward Error Correction.

Can provide detection and cancellation schemes for Multiusers in CDMA cellular radio.

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

195

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

IV Year B.Tech. ECE-II Sem L T/P/D C

3 -/ - /- 3

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE – V

(R17A01261) NETWORK SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

OBJECTIVES:

To make the students

1. To understand the principles of encryption algorithms, conventional and public key

cryptography.

UNIT 1:

Introduction to security attacks - services and mechanism - introduction to cryptography -

Conventional Encryption: Conventional encryption model - classical encryption techniques -

substitution ciphers and transposition ciphers – cryptanalysis – stereography - stream and block

ciphers - Modern Block Ciphers: Block ciphers principals - Shannon’s theory of confusion and

diffusion - fiestal structure - data encryption standard(DES) - strength of DES - differential and

linear crypt analysis of DES - block cipher modes of operations - triple DES.

UNIT 2:

IDEA encryption and decryption - strength of IDEA - confidentiality using conventional

encryption - traffic confidentiality - key distribution - random number generation - Introduction

to graph - ring and field - prime and relative prime numbers - modular arithmetic - Fermat’s and

Euler’s theorem - primality testing - Euclid’s Algorithm - Chinese Remainder theorem - discrete

algorithms.

UNIT 3:

Principles of public key crypto systems - RSA algorithm - security of RSA - key management –

Diffle-Hellman key exchange algorithm - introductory idea of Elliptic curve cryptography -

Elganel encryption - Message Authentication and Hash Function: Authentication requirements -

authentication functions - message authentication code - hash functions - birthday attacks -

security of hash functions and MACS.

UNIT 4:

MD5 message digest algorithm - Secure hash algorithm (SHA) Digital Signatures: Digital

Signatures - authentication protocols - digital signature standards (DSS) - proof of digital

signature algorithm - Authentication Applications: Kerberos and X.509 - directory

authentication service - electronic mail security-pretty good privacy (PGP) - S/MIME.

UNIT 5:

IP Security: Architecture - Authentication header - Encapsulating security payloads - combining

security associations - key management.

Web Security: Secure socket layer and transport layer security - secure electronic transaction

(SET) - System Security: Intruders - Viruses and related threads - firewall design principals -

trusted systems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security: Principals and Practice”, Prentice Hall

2.Cryptography and Network Security: Atul Kahate, McGraw Hill

B.Tech (ECE)

R-18

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (MRCET)

196

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Network Cryptography and Security: C K Shyamala, N Harini,Dr TR Padmanabhan.wiley

india,1

Edition .

Network Cryptography and Security: Forouzan Mukhopadhyay,Mc Graw Hill.2

Edition.

Information Security, Principles and Practice: Mark Stamp. Wiley India

COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:

1. Acquire an understanding of Network security and its changing character

2. Understand Conventional encryption and cryptography

3. Analyze issues related to network IP security

4. Identify and investigate web security requirements

5. Know the concept of SNMP and design principles of firewall