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3. The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under
this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate
change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other
Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4,
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may take further
action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph.
4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol,
if it decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies and measures in
paragraph 1 (a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects,
shall consider ways and means to elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures.
Article 3
1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate
anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A
do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation
and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this
Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent
below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.
2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in
achieving its commitments under this Protocol.
3. The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting
from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation,
reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in
each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party
included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated
with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in
accordance with Articles 7 and 8.
4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon
stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in
subsequent years. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities,
rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to
changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils
and the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the
assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency
in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in
accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Such a decision
shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. A Party may choose to apply
such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period,
provided that these activities have taken place since 1990.