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Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
CBT Skills Training Book Wellbeing Services
Tool 5 - Increasing Activity Levels for
Low Mood
Behavioural Activation
Low mood can affect people in different ways. It leads us to think more negatively, can
affect us physically and even reduce our typical behaviours.
When we’re feeling low or depressed, any type of activity seems more difcult to do,
so it’s common for people to become less active and stop doing some of the things
they would normally do. We may nd ourselves stop going out with friends, withdraw
from family, put off housework and reduce engagement at work. Even activities that we
usually enjoy can become a chore and these pleasurable activities are often the rst
we stop doing. Tasks that are important, or more difcult to accomplish like applying for
a job, can become even harder to accomplish.
By putting off these activities we get relief from not having to do them, and this relief
negatively reinforces this unhelpful behaviour, as it encourages us to continue avoiding
and reducing activities, maintaining our low mood.
Avoiding these types of activities may seem helpful in the short-term, as we experience
relief from not having to complete them. However, this avoidance means we may miss
out on the positive experiences that may have occurred from doing the activity, such as
seeing our friends, doing something we enjoy, getting something important completed
or spending time with loved ones. This can also have a secondary impact on other
areas of our life, such as increased work absences, reduced productivity, or not getting
something important completed on time.
By not doing the activities that may have bought us pleasure or a sense of achievement,
we miss out on possible positive reinforcement of these activities, leading to further
reduction in helpful activities.
Therefore, what is maintaining low mood is a circle of reduced activity. The technique of
Behavioural Activation focuses on increasing the reinforcement of helpful behaviours
and reducing the effects of unhelpful behaviours. Behavioural Activation aims to break
this vicious circle by slowly integrating structured activities that will encourage us to
continue to incorporate helpful behaviours in the future. It works by scheduling different
types of activities and making sure that we follow the plan and not our mood so that
we complete the activities, thus breaking the circle which can maintain low mood. Let’s
look at these types of activities: